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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Melinis repens Seed Bank Longevity in Miami-Dade County

Cooper, Cara A 09 July 2012 (has links)
The main objective of this research was to determine the seed bank longevity of Melinis repens at two Southern Florida sites. Seeds were divided among different exposure levels (shade versus sun) and depths (surface versus buried) and tested for baseline viability using 2,3,5-Triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride. Statistical analysis determined that at the pine rockland site there was a significant interaction between time, exposure, and depth. The initial mean viability at this site declined from 49.71% to 11.26% and 13.06% for sun/buried seeds and sun/surface seeds, respectively, by month 8. The mean viability of shade/surface seeds and shade/buried seeds declined to 24.56% and 22.06% after 8 months. There were no significant effects in the Florida scrub. In order for land managers to completely remove this species from a site, treatment with herbicide will need to continue for a minimum of one year to effectively kill all viable seeds in the seed bank.
2

Reproductive Success and Soil Seed Bank Characteristics of <em>Astragalus ampullarioides</em> and <em>A. holmgreniorum</em> (Fabaceae): Two Rare Endemics of Southwestern Utah

Searle, Allyson B. 06 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Astragalus ampullarioides and A. holmgreniorum are two rare endemics of southwestern Utah. Over two consecutive field seasons (2009-2010) we examined pre-emergent reproductive success, based on F/F and S/O ratios, from populations of both Astragalus ampullarioides and A. holmgreniorum, estimated the density of the soil seed bank of A. holmgreniorum as a measure of potential post-emergent reproductive success, and estimated seed persistence within the soil seed bank. Fruit/flower (F/F) ratios and seed/ovule (S/O) ratios varied significantly between populations and among years in both species, and showed low reproductive output in both taxa. In Astragalus ampullarioides F/F and S/O were 0.06±0.01 and 0.16±0.02, respectively (2009), and 0.14±0.01 and 0.41±0.02, respectively (2010). For Astragalus holmgreniorum F/F and S/O ratios were 0.11±0.01 and 0.38±0.02, respectively (2009), and 0.23±0.01 and 0.66±0.02, respectively (2010). Although Astragalus holmgreniorum exhibited a low soil seed bank density (4.3 seeds m-2), seed persistence data showed low a low percentage of seeds germinated during the first year in the soil seed bank. Seeds remaining in the seed bank maintained high percent viability. Soil seed persistence of Astragalus ampullarioides differed from A. holmgreniorum in that a high percentage of seeds germinated during the first year in the soil seed bank. A high percentage of viability in ungerminated seeds was also maintained in A. ampullarioides. Although these species differ in life histories and dependence on soil seed banks, an understanding of the strategies unique to each species will prove useful in management plans.
3

Volunteer spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) seed persistence and control

Raatz, Lisa L Unknown Date
No description available.
4

Etude de la biologie d'une messicole en régression : le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.)

Bellanger, Solène 06 December 2011 (has links)
Depuis les années 1950, l’intensification des pratiques agricoles concourt à une augmentation de la pression anthropique entraînant une raréfaction des espèces spécialistes des parcelles cultivées, ce qui contribue à l’érosion de la diversité biologique des agroécosystèmes. Parmi les espèces en déclin, on compte de nombreuses messicoles dont le bleuet (Centaurea cyanus L.), fleur emblématique des moissons. Or, cette espèce peut rendre des services écosystémiques comme hôte de prédateurs de ravageurs des cultures et ressource privilégiée de certains pollinisateurs qui justifieraient son maintien dans les champs. Nous étudions ici des facteurs biologiques qui pourraient potentiellement contribuer à son déclin : distribution spatiale, potentialité de croissance, diversité génétique des populations, survie des semences, système de reproduction. Nous avons montré, par deux campagnes de relevés, que C. cyanus n’est pas une espèce indicatrice de diversité floristique dans la parcelle cultivée. Toutefois, lorsque que le bleuet est rare dans une région, il est associé à d’autres messicoles peu fréquentes. Par contre, s’il est commun, il est associé aux zones ayant la plus forte diversité végétale. Une expérience de semis dans différents compartiments de l’agrosystème, en absence de traitements herbicides, a mis en évidence que la potentialité de croissance des bleuets est plus élevée dans le plein champ du blé que dans la moutarde et les interfaces blé/bordure. Cette croissance est limitée de manière variable par les communautés adventices présentes dans les compartiments hors champs (bordures). L’analyse de la diversité génétique à l’aide de marqueurs microsatellites de bleuets dans une petite zone agricole montre que les populations sont connectées par des flux de gènes importants. Les barrières écologiques telles que les chemins, semblent être des facteurs de structuration plus importants que la distance géographique séparant les populations. La répartition du bleuet dans le paysage agricole n’est donc pas aléatoire et apparaît dépendante de la fréquence de l’espèce dans la région ainsi que des différents éléments du paysage. Les caractéristiques du cycle biologique du bleuet ont été étudiées grâce à des expériences au champ et en serre. Nous avons montré que la longévité des akènes enfouis dans le sol chute rapidement après deux ans. Le cycle saisonnier de la dormance permet deux cohortes de levées (automne et printemps). L’étude du système de reproduction a permis de mettre en évidence que les pollinisateurs sont nécessaires pour la fécondation et que les populations sont majoritairement auto-incompatibles. Il existe cependant des individus pseudo auto-incompatibles mais leur fréquence n’est pas liée à la taille des populations ou à leur niveau d’isolement spatial. Par ailleurs, dès que le coefficient de consanguinité augmente dans les populations, la valeur phénotypique des individus baisse. La dépression de consanguinité s’exprime alors principalement pendant la phase de la germination. L’ensemble de ces caractéristiques biologiques peuvent s’avérer défavorables au bleuet dans les agroécosystèmes simplifiés actuels et ont pu entraîner son déclin dans certaines régions / Agroecosystems are currently experiencing high biodiversity loss, in particular among the plant species specifically adapted to this habitat. This decline results from cropping systems that have been intensified in Western Europe since the 1950s. The cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.), considered as emblem of the flora associated with traditional cereals, appears as a species that may be at risk and should be monitored. Indeed, cornflower can serve as a host to predators of crop pests and is strongly attractive for the pollinators. This study examines the biological factors that could potentially cause the decline of this species: spatial distribution, potential for growth, population’s genetic diversity, seeds survival and mating system.We have shown that C. cyanus is not a biological indicator of the weed diversity of a field. However, when it is not frequent in a region, cornflower is associated with other rare segetal species. When it is common in a region, C. cyanus is present in areas with higher weed diversity. Sowing seeds in different components of the agrosystem, without herbicide application, shows that the growth of cornflower was higher in the centre of a wheat field than in mustard and the crop edge. Growth success in field margins was variably limited according to the weed communities in the field boundaries. The analysis of the genetic diversity using microarrays has shown that populations in a small agricultural area are connected by important genes flow. The ecological barriers as country road seem to be factors more determinant than geographical distance to structure and divide populations. Therefore, the cornflower distribution in the agricultural landscape is not random and appears to be linked to species frequency in the area and to landscape elements.The cornflower life cycle characteristics were studied through field and greenhouse experiments. We have shown that the longevity of achenes buried in the soil falls rapidly after two years. There is a seasonal dormancy cycle that allows the emergence of two seedling cohorts (fall and spring). Our study of the mating system highlights the fact that pollinators are required for fertilization and that cornflower is strongly self-incompatible. However, there are pseudo self-incompatible individuals, but their frequency is not related to the population size or the spatial isolation level. Individual fitness decreases as the inbreeding coefficient increases in a population. Inbreeding depression is mainly expressed during the germination stage. All these biological characteristics can be detrimental to the cornflower in current simplified agroecosystems and may have led to cornflower decline in some areas

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