The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two divergent methods for delineating commuting regions, also called labour market areas, in a situation that the base spatial units differ largely in size as a result of an irregular population distribution. Commuting patterns in Sweden have been analyzed with geographical information system technology by delineating commuting regions using two regionalization methods. One, a rule-based method, uses one-way commuting flows to delineate local labour market areas in a top-down procedure based on the selection of predefined employment centres. The other method, the interaction-based Intramax analysis, uses two-way flows in a bottom-up procedure based on numerical taxonomy principles. A comparison of these methods will expose a number of strengths and weaknesses. For both methods, the same data source has been used. The performance of both methods has been evaluated for the country as a whole using resident employed population, self-containment levels and job ratios for criteria. A more detailed evaluation has been done in the Goteborg metropolitan area by comparing regional patterns with the commuting fields of a number of urban centres in this area. It is concluded that both methods could benefit from the inclusion of additional control measures to identify improper allocations of municipalities. / <p>Open Access</p>

The increasing length of the daily commute is a major issue for many commuters in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA). In order to alleviate this problem through policy, the policy makers require more in-depth understanding of this issue. This study explores different travel behaviour, socioeconomic and labour market determinants of commuting distance for resident workers in the GTHA, especially those having normal commutes and those having extreme commutes. This study also explores which areas of the GTHA are most self-contained, and what are the average commuting distances of each sub-region of the GTHA. The primary data source for this study was Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS) for the year 2011. Supplementary data were obtained from InfoCanada and Statistics Canada. Descriptive analysis in this study, focused at the Census Sub-Division (CSD), examined self-containment, outbound commutes, inbound commutes, resident employees and jobs densities, and average commute distances for place of residence and place of work. Study results showed that Toronto and Hamilton CSDs are the most self-contained areas in the GTHA, whereas areas located in the north and northwest of Toronto are major sources of outgoing commutes. Toronto and its adjacent CSDs have the lowest average commuting distance, whereas residents of Georgina and Brock commute exceptionally long distances. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to a disaggregate dataset (TTS). Workers older than 15 years of age living in the GTHA were divided into two major categories based on the length of their commute: (i) normal commuters (those having a mean commuting distance of 10.8 km) and (ii) extreme commuters (those having a mean commuting distance of 40.9 km). Factors affecting commuting distance for these two groups were examined. Similarly, residents living and working in the GTHA were divided into two categories: Resident workers living in (i) Jobs-rich areas or (ii) Resident-rich areas. Factors affecting commuting distance of these resident workers were also examined. The key controlling factors of commuting distance include gender, age, mode of transportation, employment status, ratio of jobs to employed residents, age of youngest child, auto availability in household, multi-worker household, median income, jobs and population density, and distance from CBD. Significant socioeconomic, travel behaviour and land use determinants for normal commute distances were also applicable to extreme commute distance. Transit was the preferred mode of transportation for long distance commuters in the GTHA, except for those living in job-rich areas. Workers associated with Sales and Service occupation and living in jobs-rich areas exhibited shorter commute than those in General/Clerical occupation. These findings are important to understand the changing travel patterns and behaviours of commuters in the GTHA. These results will be of interest to transportation planners, engineers, and policy makers as it highlights the inclination of long distance commuters to use transit. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-07-31T13:31:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo de Barros Falcão Ferraz_.pdf: 1768733 bytes, checksum: 0a86d258f17b689d6df79b3430459682 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-31T13:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo de Barros Falcão Ferraz_.pdf: 1768733 bytes, checksum: 0a86d258f17b689d6df79b3430459682 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-10 / Nenhuma / A presente tese tem por objetivo propor uma análise crítica em perspectiva fenomenológico-hermenêutica do potencial contributivo da Justiça Eleitoral ao desenvolvimento da democracia brasileira. Em questão se coloca o profundo vínculo dogmático do Direito Eleitoral aos contornos normativos conferidos ao sistema representativo. E, partindo da premissa de que os modelos democráticos historicamente experimentados encontram-se parcialmente superados, questiona-se o descompasso institucional diante do impacto transformador da cultura política desenvolvida por uma individualidade culturalmente em transformação. De um lado, lastreada na teoria funcionalista da cultura política, objetiva-se demonstrar a contribuição fenomênica do Direito Eleitoral no processo de formação da cultura; de outro, pela ótica da metodologia individualista, a contínua reconfiguração dos canais tradicionais de articulação e agregação deliberativa de interesses promovidos no âmbito da comunicação política. Como resultado dialógico, conforma-se a autodeterminação política, que é operacionalizada por meio dos princípios da liberdade plena e da autocontenção, características deliberativas individualistas destacadas na atual fase da democracia brasileira, principais estruturas informadoras de ressignificação cultural das funções e atribuições exercidas pelas instituições do Direito Eleitoral, dentre as quais eleva-se sobre as demais a Justiça Eleitoral. / The present thesis aims to propose a critical analysis in phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective of the potential contribution of the Electoral Justice to the development of Brazilian democracy. In question, the dogmatic deep link of the Electoral Law is placed to the normative contours conferred to the representative system. And, based on the premise that the historically experienced democratic models are partially overcome, we question the institutional mismatch with the transformative impact of the political culture developed by a culturally changing individuality. On the one hand, backed by the functionalist theory of political culture, it aims to demonstrate the phenomenal contribution of Electoral law in the process of culture formation; on the other, from the perspective of the individualist methodology, the continuous reconfiguration of the traditional channels of articulation and deliberative aggregation of interests promoted in the scope of political communication. As a dialogical result, political self-determination is experienced, operationalized through the principles of full freedom and self-restraint, individualist deliberative characteristics highlighted in the current phase of Brazilian democracy, as the main structures that inform the cultural re-signification of the functions and attributions exercised by the institutions of the Electoral Law, among which the Electoral Court rises above the others.

1 ABSTRACT Title: Calmness of Heart as Topos of the Epicurean Lifestyle Reflected in the Biographical Narration of Contemporaries Author: Pavlína Havlová Department: Oral History - Contemprorary History Supervisor: Mgr. David Bartoň Abstract: The proposed diploma thesis focuses on the presence of the Epicurean tradition in the biographical narration of selected contemporaries. The main emphasis is laid on substantiating relatedness between the thoughts that were formulated by the Greek thinker Epicurus at the turn of 3rd and 4th century BC and the values and lifestyle of the given individuals. The theoretical basis of the thesis is Epicurus's Letter to Menoeceus, which contains the explication of human life and ethics in particular. Based on the analysis of the letter, four general topics were defined (sobriety, moderation, internal and external lifestyle). These topics served as starting points for the interviews that also enabled their analysis and interpretation. The interviews were recorded using the oral history method, which facilitates individual approach to the scrutiny of biographical narration of selected contemporaries. Keywords: Epicurus, Epicurean, Ethics, Character, Sensibility (Temperance and Sobriety, Sophrosyne resp.), Happiness (Well-fare/Flourishing, Eudaimonia resp.), Moderation...