Previous research documented a strong relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and negative affect as well as rumination. Recent studies have also shown that specific negative affect such as anger and anger rumination play distinctive roles in the development and maintenance of NSSI. The present study examined the roles of trait anger, anger rumination and self-punishment tendency in the development of NSSI among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong using a 6-month follow-up design. In the first wave of assessment, 4,778 Chinese secondary school students aged 10 to 19 completed measures assessing NSSI, trait anger, anger rumination, self-punishment tendency and other relevant variables. The second wave of assessment was conducted six months later and 3,918 of the Wave 1 participants completed the same measures. Results showed that trait anger and anger rumination reliably predicted the severity of NSSI both concurrently and longitudinally, even after controlling for overall negative emotion and borderline personality symptoms. Significant interaction effects between trait anger and anger rumination were also found. Structural equation modeling results revealed that self-punishment tendency partially mediated the relation between anger dysregulation and NSSI. The mediating role of self-punishment was identified in both the concurrent and the longitudinal mediation model. Conceptual and clinical implications of these findings were discussed. / 過往文獻記錄了非自殺性自傷行為（以下簡稱自傷行為）與負面情緒以及反芻思維的密切聯繫。最近的研究也揭示了特定的負面情緒如憤怒，以及憤怒導向的反芻思維在自傷行為的發展和維持中起到獨特的作用。本論文用一項六個月的追蹤研究考察了憤怒特質、憤怒反芻思維和自我懲罰傾向對中國青少年自傷行為的影響。在第一期測評中，4,778名香港中學生（10到19歲）完成了關於自傷行為、憤怒特質、憤怒反芻思維、自我懲罰以及其他與自傷相關因素的自我報告問卷。第二期測評于六個月后進行，3,918名參與過第一期測評的學生完成了相同的問卷施測。數據分析結果表明憤怒特質與憤怒反芻思維顯著地預測了同期和未來的自傷行為嚴重程度，並且二者的預測效力在控制了被試的總體負面情緒與邊緣型人格症狀后仍然顯著。同時，本研究也證實了憤怒特質與憤怒思維在預測自傷行為時的顯著交互作用。結構方程模型結果顯示，自我懲罰傾向在憤怒失調與自傷行為的關係中起到了部分中介的作用，並且這一中介作用在橫向研究和縱向研究兩個模型中都得到了證實。這些發現對於增強我們對青少年自傷行為的理解、推動進一步針對自傷行為中情緒和思維的研究以及促進臨床診斷及治療都具有重要啟示。 / Zhou, Xiaoyi. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-113). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, October, 2016). / Zhou, Xiaoyi. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75 ).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, August, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Self-injuring is a practice that involves self-administered damage to one’s body, most commonly cutting of the skin on the forearms. (The practice is distinguished from other intentional and in/direct self-harmful or self-damaging behaviours that cause bodily harm). Dominant psychiatric, psychological or medical approaches construct self-injuring as deviant, socially unacceptable or abnormal behaviour that is indicative of more or less severe psychopathology, and importantly as a stereotypically female practice. This research is conducted within a post-essentialist framework and views self-injuring, and the injured body, as discursively constituted as well as a cultural and political act. It therefore moves away from pathologising discourses in which those who self-injure typically find themselves and their own accounts of their behaviour invalidated and silenced. Instead, the mental health perspective is viewed as one party among many that may contribute to the conceptualisation of ‘self-injuring’ practices as socially meaningful and thus self-injuring is critically interpreted without reliance on a medical model of ‘normalcy’. As part of attempts to challenge medical models and cultural ideals of normalcy, this research presents a critical discursive analysis of a series of narratives provided by 5 female participants in which they record their own experiences, feelings and thoughts related to their practices of selfinjuring. It makes use of critical discourse analytic methodology to identify certain characteristics of these narratives as representations of larger collective meaning systems. It analyses the ways in which self-injuring is constructed in women’s stories of their self-injuring experiences, focusing particularly on the subject positions available in these discourses, as well as their ideological effects. The analysis focuses particularly on constructions of the body and subject positions as they enable or undermines the self-injuring subject’s agency. Finally, it attempts to determine the limitations of certain accounts of self-injuring, pursuing multiple meanings of self-injuring and illuminating new dimensions of talk on self-injuring and novel ways of conceptualising and understanding the practice.

非自殺性自傷行為（以下簡稱自傷行為）在青少年中是一種常見的但卻令研究者和心理治療師感到困惑的行為。青少年為何會自傷是研究的熱點，但研究者們對該問題仍然沒有獲得確實性的結論。為回答這一問題，本論文提出了一個關於自傷行為發展的整合性模型，其中包括自傷行為的三類風險因子：易感因子，特別誘發因子和保持因子。本研究的第一部分通過一個3期的追蹤研究來測試該模型。為了更詳細的瞭解青少年的自傷行為，本論文還進行了第二部分的訪談研究。 / 在本研究的第一部分中，3,600名青少年（56.6%為女性）完成了關於自傷行為和其他與自傷相關因素的自我報告問卷，問卷分三次進行，每次間隔半年。結果表明自傷行為主要用於情緒調節。情緒反應性，不穩定的自我感和人際關係是自傷作為情緒調節工具的易感因素。行為衝動性，自我批評和同伴影響會特別誘發青少年的自傷行為。另外，負面情緒/想法和行為衝動性令青少年持續自傷。 / 在本研究的第二部分中，42名有反復性自傷行為的青少年參與了結構性訪談。參加者同樣將情緒調節作為自傷的最主要原因。負面情緒通常出現在自傷前和自傷過程中，正面情緒和自我覺知的負面情緒通常出現在自傷後。自傷後負面情緒顯著下降表明自傷成功完成了情緒調節作用。自傷後，青少年傾向于尋求朋友的幫助。 / 這些發現有助我們增強對青少年自傷行為發展的理解，也對診斷和治療自傷行為提供了重要的啟示。 / Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common and perplexing behavior among adolescents. The question why adolescents engage in this self-destructive behavior is a hotly-studied topic, yet conclusive answers to this question have not been reached. To address this question, this dissertation proposed an integrative model of the development of NSSI. In this model, three types of risk factors: predisposing factors, specific vulnerability factors and maintaining factors for NSSI were examined. In Part 1 of this dissertation, a 3-wave longitudinal design was used to test this model. To understand adolescents’ experience of NSSI in more details, Part 2 of this dissertation reported findings from structured interviews conducted with selected repetitive self-injurers. / In Part 1 of this dissertation, 3,600 adolescents (56.6% females) completed self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI and a comprehensive set of NSSI correlates for three waves over one and a half years. Results showed that NSSI mostly served the emotion regulation function. Emotion over-reactivity, unstable sense of self and relationship problems predisposed adolescents to adopt NSSI as an emotion regulation strategy. Behavioral impulsivity, self-criticism and peer influence served as specific vulnerability factors for NSSI. Unwanted emotions/thoughts and behavioral impulsivity also contributed to the maintenance of NSSI. / In Part 2 of this dissertation, 42 repetitive self-injurers completed individual structured interviews assessing their lived experience of NSSI. Participants again rated emotion regulation to be their primary reason for engaging in NSSI. Negative affects often occurred before and during NSSI, while positive and self-conscious negative affects often followed after NSSI. Negative affects significantly decreased after NSSI, suggesting that NSSI successfully accomplished the emotion regulation function. After NSSI, adolescent self-injurers tended to turn to their friends for help. / Findings of this dissertation enhanced our understanding of the development of NSSI among community adolescents. Conceptual and clinical implications of these findings were discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / You, Jianing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledge --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.viii / Overview --- p.1 / Chapter Part 1: --- Tracking the Developmental Trajectories of Nonsuicidal Self-injury among Chinese Adolescents --- p.3 / Introduction --- p.3 / Method --- p.19 / Results --- p.31 / Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter Part 2: --- Lived Experience of Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Adolescents --- p.87 / Introduction --- p.87 / Method --- p.90 / Results --- p.93 / Discussion --- p.114 / General Discussion --- p.121 / References --- p.128

Background. Recently, 'mental defeat' (MD) has been explored amongst the chronic pain population and considered as a sort of 'self-processing'. Initial research has linked it to anxiety, pain interference and functional disability. Research has recommended that we explore the relationship between MD and other cognitive constructs, such as hopelessness and depression. The present study firstly considers MD as a predictor for pain symptomology and self-efficacy when related cognitive constructs are examined. Secondly, although chronic pain and MD commonly co-occur, causal relationships have yet to be established1. Method. For the cross-sectional analysis, 59 participants from three pain services completed a questionnaire pack assessing five cognitive constructs; anxiety, depression, hopelessness, pain catastrophizing, and mental defeat. Participants also answered questions about their demographics, pain symptomology and self-efficacy. Results. Linear regression analyses revealed that anxiety was most strongly associated with pain symptomology, accounting for 26% of the variance. When breaking down pain symptomology, catastrophizing showed the strongest association with sensory pain, and mental defeat the strongest association with affective pain. Finally, mental defeat was the most strongly associated variable with self-efficacy, accounting for 47% of the variance. Implications. This research has demonstrated the potential importance of assessing mental defeat in chronic pain patients and, where suitable, targeting these feelings during interventions and therapy. This may have an impact on how well people feel able to cope with their pain. Further, the study indicates mental defeat is different to related cognitive constructs involved in pain, such as depression, hopelessness and catastrophizing.

Thesis (M.A.)--The Master's College, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-122).

Thesis PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.