This thesis investigates Plato's analogy between virtue and crafts, a comparison made extensively in the early dialogues. I first detail the model of technical knowledge that Plato uses as a paradigm of knowledge. An application of this model shows the inadequacies in some claims to know or to teach virtue. Applying the model to the Socratic dictum, 'Virtue is knowledge' enables us to understand what such knowledge is about. Such knowledge is identified as 'self-knowledge' and is the product of philosophy. Philosophy is thus revealed as the craft of virtue, directed at the good of individuals. One problematic aspect of the analogy between virtue and crafts is the possibility of misuse. Virtue conceived as self-knowledge enables Plato to explain both why such a craft cannot be misused and why it alone can be the basis for benefiting others.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1997. / Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 15, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Education. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-173). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-173). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of St Andrews, June 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1999. / Title from title page screen, viewed July 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Dianne E. Ashby (chair), James C. Palmer, Albert T. Azinger, William Rau. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195) and abstract. Also available in print.

No description available.

This thesis examines the ideal of authenticity: why we might want or need such an ideal, what such an ideal would look like, and what mechanisms we would need to ensure the successful operation of such an ideal. The thesis has three main parts. The first part of the thesis aims at motivating the need to look to authenticity as a supplementary ideal to normative moral theory. I do this by drawing a distinction between ethics and morality and arguing that there are important aspects of our lives (such as our relations to ourselves) our beliefs and projects) about which normative moral theory fails to give us guidance and about which an ethical ideal, namely that of authenticity, can provide us with the requisite guidance. The second part of the thesis elucidates Nietzsche's view of authenticity as eternal return. I argue that eternal return consists in holding a particular attitude to one's life - one's past, present and future. I then demonstrate that what is fundamental to successfully living authentically in accordance with eternal return is a rigorous search for self-knowledge. In the third part of the thesis I argue that, in order to achieve the self-knowledge necessary to being a successful authentic agent, one must acquire it through a process of dialogue with other agents. I give a model of self-knowledge as a dialogic encounter that provides two important mechanisms whereby such self-knowledge can be gained.

Self-knowledge unavoidably implicates and, in the end, it must presume correspondence. How, indeed, can a self even be posited in the absence of a corresponding other? While the triunity of God reveals a dialectic of unity and correspondence, the human self has ever struggled, within traditions as seemingly diverse as ancient Hellenism and the sundry schools of modern philosophy and psychology, against the presumption that “autonomous self” might not be fatally contradictory. On the other hand, with the lens of orthodox Christology properly affixed, God, self, and others may finally be seen as they truly are. Christ is the revealer of mysteries, the reconciler of God and humanity, and the One in whom all the treasures of (self-)knowledge and wisdom are found. Christian self-knowledge, then, presumes the believer’s ethical correspondence—to God-in-Christ and, through Christ, with fellow believers by means of faith expressing itself in love. When sought in Christian caregiving contexts, this Christ-mediated knowledge of self, over time, counters and undermines the countertherapeutic expression of dissociation and its ethical corollary, self-deception.

D.Litt. et Phil. / The research aim of this study was to develop a self-knowledge program for career counselling practitioners based on psychological type, and to evaluate the program in practice. The theory of psychological type, based on the work of Jung, McCaully, Murphy, Myers and Briggs, and Quenk, presents a practical communication model for the career counselling interview. The theory builds a basic structure of how the individual perceives and process information and how he or she evaluates and makes decisions with this information. It gives an understanding of the communication process in the career counselling interview with regard to the psychological types of both the client and the practitioner. A design and development research model was applied to develop and evaluate the self-knowledge development program. The four phases of the model are problem analysis and project planning, design, development, and evaluation. During the phase of problem analysis, the relevant literature in the field of psychology and related fields were researched. It was concluded that there was a need for a self-development program for career counsellors based on psychological type, and the project was planned. During the development phase, a practice model, role descriptions and specific skills of career counselling, were extended with regard to psychological type. This served as an explanatory model to develop the tentative self-development program. During the development phase the program was used in two pilot studies, with final year counselling students, in a workshop format. Data generated during the pilot studies was used to refine the program. For the final evaluation phase, the format was adapted to a workbook format that could be used by the individual practitioner.