In Nordic design of boiling water reactors, a deep water pool under the reactor vessel is employed for the core melt fragmentation and the long term cooling of decay heated corium debris in case of a severe accident. To assess the effectiveness of such accident management strategy the Risk-Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology has been proposed. The present work contributes to the further development of the methodology and is focused on the issue of ex-vessel debris coolability. The height and shape of the porous debris bed are among the most important factors that determine if the debris can be cooled by natural circulation of water. The bed geometry is formed in the process of melt release, fragmentation, sedimentation and packing of the debris in the pool. Bed shape is affected by the coolant flow that induces movement of particles in the pool and after settling on top of the bed. The later one is called debris bed self-leveling phenomenon. In this study, the self-leveling was investigated experimentally and analytically. Experiments were carried out in order to collect data necessary for the development of a numerical model with an empirical closure. The self-leveling model was coupled to a model for prediction of the debris bed dryout. Such coupled code allows to calculate the time necessary to have a coolable configuration of the bed. The influence of input parameters was assessed through sensitivity analysis in order to screen out the less influential parameters. Results of the risk analysis are reported as complementary cumulative distribution functions of the conditional containment failure probability (CCFP). Sensitivity analyses identified: effective particle diameter and debris bed porosity as the parameters that provide the largest contribution to the CCFP uncertainty. It is found that the effect of the initial maximum height of the bed on the CCFP is reduced by the self-leveling. / Kokvattenreaktorer av nordisk typ har en djup vattenbassäng under reaktorkärlet som kan utnyttjas för att kyla härdsmältan och de fragmenterade härdresterna vid ett svårt reaktorhaveri. För att bedöma effektiviteten av en sådan haverihantering har man föreslagit användande av en riskorienterad metodik för haverianalysen (ROAAM, från engelska ”Risk-Oriented Accident Analysis Methodology”). Föreliggande projekt fokuserar på kylbarhet hos härdresterna utanför reaktortanken och bidrar till den pågående vidareutvecklingen av ROAAM till ROAAM+. Höjden på och formen för den porösa ansamlingen av härdrester (här också kallad partikelbädd) är bland de viktigaste faktorerna som avgör om resteffekten kan kylas bort med hjälp av naturlig cirkulation av vattnet i bassängen. Ansamlingens geometriska form skapas under hela processen från utsläpp av  härdsmältan via fragmentering och sedimentering i bassängens botten. Formen kan sedan förändras med tiden genom att partiklar rör sig och omfördelas i kylflödet. Detta fenomen kallas en självnivellerande process. I detta arbete studeras denna självnivellerande process experimentellt och analytiskt. Experimenten utfördes i en särskild experimentuppställning utformad för att att samla in data och parametrar som behövs för att simulera fenomenet och utveckla en beräkningsmodell som sluts empiriskt. Denna modell kopplades sedan till en modell för beräkning av dryout i partikelbädden. Genom denna koppling av de två beräkningsprogrammen är det är möjligt att beräkna tiden för partikelbädden att nå en kylbar konfiguration. Inverkan av variationer i modellens indata studeras med hjälp av känslighetsanalys. Härigenom identifierades de minst inflytelserika parametrarna såsom effektiv drifttid, partikeldensitet, experimentell ovisshet i de empiriska samband som används för att sluta modellen, samt omlokaliseringstid efter det att reaktorn snabbstoppats (SCRAM).  Dessa parametrar avfördes sedan från den fortsatta känslighetsanalysen. Ett artificiellt neuralt nätverk tränades för att användas i stället för den kopplade koden och möjliggöra den beräkningseffektivitet som krävs för att studera hur osäkerheter i indata förs vidare i riskanalysen. Resultaten är presenterade i form av komplementära, kumulativa fördelningsfunktioner för den betingade sannolikheten för brott på reaktorinneslutningen (CCFP, från engelska ”conditional containment failure probability”). Det visas att CCFP kan variera inom ett brett område beroende på de valda kombinationerna av frekvensfunktioner för ingångsparametrarna. Resultaten visar att effektiv partikeldiameter och hög porositet är de två parametrar som ger de största bidragen till osäkerheten i CCFP. Vi har också funnit att fenomenet självnivellering har en gynnsam inverkan på CCFP och leder till lägre utsläppsrisk. Det vore värdefullt att förfina de modeller som beskriver bildandet av den initiala partikelbädden. Detta är särskilt viktigt i de scenarier där det finns kort tid för självnivellering innan partikelbädden börjar smälta igen, dvs när man har relativt hög initial temperatur i partikelbädden och/eller hög specifik värmeeffekt. / <p>QC 20170315</p> / APRI

A growing population is driving automatization in agricultural industry to strive for more productive arable land. Being part of this process, this work is aimed to investigate the possibility to implement sensor-based automation in a particular system called Front End Loader, which is a lifting arms that is commonly mounted on the front of a tractor. Two main tasks are considered here, namely Electronic Self Leveling (ESL) and payload estimation. To propose commercially implementable solutions for these tasks, specific objectives are set, which are: 1) to propose a controller to perform ESL under typical disturbances 2) to propose a methodology for payload estimation considering realistic estimation conditions. Lastly, aligned with these goals, 3) to propose models for the Front End Loader under consideration for derivation of solutions of the specified tasks. The self-leveling task assists farmers in maintaining the angular position of the mounted implements, e.g. a bale handler or a bucket, with respect to the ground when the loader is manually lifted or lowered. Experimental results show that different controllers are required in lifting and lowering motions to maintain the implement's angular position with a required accuracy due to principle differences in gravity impact. The gravity helps the necessary correction in lifting motion, but works against the correction in lowering motions. This led us to propose a controller with a proportional term, a discontinuous term and an on-line disturbance estimation and compensation as well as the tuning procedure to achieve a 2 degrees tracking error for lowering motions in steady state. The proposed controller shows less sensitive performance to lowering velocity, as the main disturbance, in comparison to a linear controller. The second task, payload estimation, assists farmers to work within safety range as well as to work with a weight measurement tool. A mechanical model derived based on equations of motion is improved by a pressure based friction to sufficiently accurately represent the motion of the front end loader under consideration. The proposed model satisfies the desired estimation accuracy of 2\% full scale error in a certain estimation condition domain in constant velocity regions, with off-line calibration step and off-line payload estimation step. An on-line version of the estimation based on Recursive Least Squares also fulfills the desired accuracy, while keeping the calibration step off-line.

The presented work deals with research in the field of sulfate binders on the anhydrite base. Conceptually, it is divided into a general theory of sulfate binders and anhydrite mortar compounds, which is describing in detail the using of anhydrite mortar compounds on the poured floor screeds, and then the experimental part, where is made the mineralogical analysis of seven different gypsum resources and subsequent is monitored the effect of two sulfate exciters on the achieved technological properties and hydration process.

Les chapes autonivelantes sont souvent composées de ciment alumineux et de sulfate de calcium pour assurer une prise rapide. Le ciment alumineux est généralement à base de monocalcium aluminate (CA). Récemment, un nouveau ciment alumineux riche en mayénite (C12A7) a été conçu pour optimiser l’application des chapes par l’augmentation de la quantité d’ettringite formée. Le développement de l’hydratation au jeune âge (pendant les premières 24 heures) de ce type de produit est pourtant très peu connu. L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’évaluer l’interaction entre l’hydratation au jeune âge et le séchage naturel à travers un modèle de couplage. Ce modèle est appliqué à l’étude d’une pâte pure ettringitique composée de ciment riche en C12A7 et de plâtre alpha. Tout d’abord, un modèle cinétique d’hydratation, initialement développé en système dilué, a été proposé pour étudier l’hydratation d’une pâte pure ettringitique en condition endogène. Il permet de décrire l’évolution en fonction du temps de la porosité, de la teneur en eau, des quantités de phases (réactifs et hydrates). Un modèle de distribution de rayon de pores a été aussi proposé. Ce modèle permet d’obtenir la courbe de pression capillaire au jeune âge nécessaire pour la modélisation des transferts hydriques. Ensuite, une modélisation complète des transferts hydriques a été présentée. Elle a montré que l’hypothèse d’une pression de gaz constante conduit à une surestimation de perte de masse pour des matériaux à faible perméabilité. Pourtant, pour le cas des ciments alumineux, cette hypothèse peut être retenue pour simplifier le couplage avec le modèle cinétique d’hydratation. Enfin, une modélisation des couplages entre l’hydratation et la dessiccation a été développée. L’originalité de ce modèle porte sur l’intégration de la courbe isotherme issue du modèle de distribution poreuse dans la modélisation des transferts hydriques via une fonction Matlab. Le modèle a été capable de reproduire la cinétique de perte de masse d’un échantillon de pâte pure ettringite réactive soumis au séchage précoce. La nécessité de la prise en compte de l’évolution de température a été mise en évidence. De plus, le modèle a prévu un arrêt précoce de l’hydratation à la surface séchante après 10 heures d’hydratation. L’effet de la dessiccation atteint une profondeur de 5 mm sur un échantillon de 3 cm d’épaisseur. / Self-leveling flooring compounds (SLC) are often composed of calcium aluminate cements (CAC) and calcium sulfate to ensure rapid setting. The mineral composition of calcium aluminate cements is usually designed around monocalcium aluminate (CA). Recently, a new cement with the main compound of mayenite (C12A7) has been designed to optimize the application of SLC by increasing the amount of ettringite in the hydration product. However, there is a lack of knowledge related to early-age hydration (during the first 24 hours) of this type of product. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction between early-age hydration and natural drying through a coupling model. This model is applied to the study of an ettringite binder composed of cement rich in C12A7 and plaster First, a kinetic model of hydration, initially developed in a diluted system, has been proposed to study the hydration of an ettringite paste under endogenous conditions. It allows to describe the evolution as a function of time of the porosity, the water content, and the quantities of phases (reactants and hydrates). A model of pore size distribution has also been proposed. This model allows us to obtain the capillary pressure curve at early-age, which is necessary for the modeling of moisture transport. Then, a complete modeling of water transfers was presented. It has shown that the assumption of constant gas pressure leads to an overestimation of mass loss for weakly permeable materials. However, for the case of CAC, this hypothesis can be retained to simplify the coupling with the kinetic model of hydration. Finally, a modeling of the coupling between hydration and desiccation has been developed. The originality of this model concerns the integration of the isothermal curve resulting from the pore size distribution model in the modeling of water transfers via a Matlab function. The model was able to reproduce the kinetics of mass loss of a sample of ettringite binder subjected to early drying. The role of temperature was also elucidated. In addition, the model predicted an early stop of hydration on the drying surface after 10 hours of hydration. The effect of desiccation reaches a depth of 5 mm on a sample with a thickness of 3 cm.

This thesis is focused on selected parts of building technological project apartment house Videnska in Brno concretly for lap C1 and C2. The project contained technical report, coordinating situation with distinguished trafic routes, object time plan and financial plan, study of main technological lap, technical report of building equipment and drawing of building equipment for differents lap, the design of mechanical arrangement of machine, the work schedule for construction, plan for securing material resources for monolithic ceiling, technological prescript and control trail plan for monolithic cailing, budget and design of lifting mechanisms

The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.