The primary purpose of this research study was to provide an in-depth analysis of a pre-diabetes self-management education program located in a Midwest health care center and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The study was designed to answer the following research questions: (1) How was the DSME program developed and how is it being implemented? (2) To what extent do the program's elements align with the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education? (3) What factors affect completion of the entire program by participants? (4) What factors affect non-completion of the entire program by participants? (5) How do participants perceive their experience in the program? (6) What are the immediate effects of the program in terms of weight loss and exercise adoption? (7) What are the long-term effects of the program in terms of maintenance of weight loss, maintenance of physical activity, and prevention of T2D? (8) To what extent are the AADE Standards for Outcome Measurement of DSME being met? Effective DSME programs are typically those that meet nationally recognized guidelines and outcomes measures. Data were collected to determine the effectiveness of this program using the following methods: interviews, document reviews, observations, and a survey. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages were used to describe the results. Analysis of the qualitative data was conducted and themes emerged. Recommendations were provided as to how the program can be improved upon to make it more effective.

Diabetes, a major public health challenge in St. Kitts, has been a focus of international public health community research. Although researchers have demonstrated that diabetes self-management education is a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of diabetes-related complications, they have yet to establish whether there is adequate education occurring in treatment settings with diabetic patients. The purpose of the study was to implement and evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a diabetes self-management education intervention on diabetes-related knowledge and accepted behavioral changes to decrease risk for complications. Based on a self-care approach, this education intervention was designed to improve diabetes-related knowledge and self-management behaviors. To test and evaluate the pre and post intervention effect, a convenience sample of 15 patients diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes attending a scheduled diabetic clinic completed the Diabetes Knowledge Test and a researcher-designed sociodemographic survey, which included self-report of blood glucose self-monitoring and foot care behaviors. The results of these analyses indicated that the participants’ knowledge level increased (p = < .001). However, Chisquare and Fisher’s exact tests determined no significant changes in the participants’ self management behaviors. The results may be attributed to the short time frame of the intervention. The implications for positive social change include opportunities to improve inter-professional collaboration in programs that will create positive effects on diabetic self care and reduce the incidence of negative health outcomes. Furthermore, the use of a self-care approach by health care professionals could be a key factor in strengthening diabetes knowledge, engagement, and self-management for Type 2 diabetic patients.

Chronic pain has no cure. It is a lifelong condition presenting a growing concern due to its high occurrence and effects on every facet of life. It cost about $635 billion each year in medical treatment and lost productivity (IOM, 2011). The management of chronic pain using prescription painkiller opioids has increased drastically in the last two decades, leading to a consequential increase in deaths from chronic opioid use. This Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement project investigates the problem of the prevalence of opioid prescription using agent-based computational modeling method. The simulation models the interaction of 50 patient-agents with pain self-management messages in an episode of 50 patient iterations (visits) for 10 simulated years. This interaction generates health benefit and risk outcomes represented by wellness data obtained when messages are processed. As the simulation runs, data are dynamically captured and visualized using wellness charts, time series plots, and benefit and risk regression plots. The result of the project provides evidence for research and practice on the process of achieving more impact of programs based on administering pain self-management education to patients with chronic non-cancer pain who are currently on opioid therapy and on the process of customizing interventions that might take advantage of the conditions of behavior change driven by pain self-management messages. The tools and the evidences in this project are highly recommended to nurse practitioners primary care providers involve with providing care to the vulnerable groups of patient with chronic non-cancer pain. These evidences might inform the formation of self-management interventions that might lead to a decline in opioid use and prescription and accelerate the acceptance of self-management practices.

Diabetes is increasing globally and nationally. Diabetes complications and costs can be reduced through modification of lifestyle risks and diabetes self-management education (DSME). The Cooperative Extension System (CES) is uniquely positioned to implement DSME. This study assessed the role and impact of the Cooperative Extension System (CES) in DSME. A survey was sent to CES professionals throughout the U.S. a total of 43 participants provided information on 73 DSME programs. Most participants were from the South (n=22, 51.16%) and Midwest (n=12, 27.91%) and most programs targeted adults with and at risk for type 2 diabetes. Most programs were developed and taught by registered dietitians and family and consumer science agents and were focused on healthy eating and cooking techniques. Few programs addressed medications, mental and physical health, influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Implementation challenges were related to recruitment, attrition, and funding and most suggestions for the future of CES in DSME were related to funding. CES has a wide reach in terms of DSME with over 29 states. Future CES efforts should target children with type 2 diabetes and should form/continue partnerships with health care professionals.

abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases in youth and it has been shown that adolescents have the worst glycemic control of any age group. The objective of this study was to develop, test and evaluate the feasibility of an online intervention (Can-Do-Tude) that uses the principles of motivational interviewing (MI) to deliver tailored diabetes self-management education to adolescents with T1D. Bandura’s efficacy belief system was used to guide the design of this study. The study used a multi-phase, multi-method approach. The first phase (alpha) of this study was a qualitative descriptive design to examine the intervention’s fidelity. Evaluation of performance was conducted by experts in the fields of MI, T1D, adolescence and/or online education. The second phase (beta) was a quantitative descriptive design conducted in order to evaluate feasibility by examining the acceptability (recruitment, retention and satisfaction) and implementation (diabetes self-management self-efficacy) to determine whether the intervention was appropriate for further testing. First phase findings showed that the intervention passed all measures with the content experts (n = 6): it was functional, accurate, usable and secure. Improvements to the intervention were made based on reviewer recommendations. For the second phase 5 adolescents between 14 and 17 were enrolled. Three adolescents completed all 4 weeks of the intervention while 2 completed only 3 weeks. Participants (n = 3) rated satisfaction on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from “not at all” satisfied (1) to “very much” satisfied (5). There was a positive response to the intervention (M = 4.28, SD = 0.55). Implementation was measured by a pre- and post-test for diabetes self-management self-efficacy. Participants (n = 3) demonstrated overall improvements in diabetes self-management self-efficacy (Z = -2.952, p = .007). Implications for further Can-Do-Tude research are planned at a metropolitan diabetes center using updated technology including an application platform. Although the sample was small, findings indicate that the intervention can be conducted using a web-based format and there is initial evidence of improvement in self-efficacy for diabetes self-management. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2017

No description available.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people in the United States. The purpose of this project was to develop a guideline to help clinical staff provide clear and concise diabetes self-management instructions to patients in a community setting. Orem's self-care deficit theory (SCD) and health belief model (HBM) provided a platform to assess how patients' self-care deficit contributes to illness and the effect of patients' perception of illness. SCD theory and the HBM provided the framework for the development of the guideline to decrease diabetes acute complications through self-management education. The practice-focused question was whether the diabetes treatment guideline would decrease diabetes complication, improve the quality of care received by the diabetic patients, and if the facility would adopt the developed guideline. AGREE II Tool was used to assess the quality of the guideline and the staffs' desire for the adoption of the guideline. Data were collected from questionnaires given to staff members at the practice site in 2 rounds. Six medical staff were asked to critique the initial guideline, and 5 medical professionals were asked to assess the final guideline. Most of the participants' scores indicated strong agreement that full consideration was met. The score in all 6 AGREE II domains was above 90%, and 100% of the participants recommended the guideline to be adopted in the facility. Data analysis indicated the diabetes practice guideline is valid, will enhance the treatment of diabetes, and the practice site employees were eager to adopt the treatment guideline. Findings may be used to increase population health and reduce acute complications from diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetes self-management education, including nutrition education (NE) is an essential component of diabetes management. Effective NE can assist individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in resource limited settings to improve their dietary self-care; an area cited among the most difficult with consequent improvement in health outcomes. Aim: To develop a NE programme that is tailored to the needs of adults with type 2 DM in a resource limited setting and to evaluate the programme's effectiveness on health outcomes. Setting: Makapanstad and Mathibestad community health centres in the Moretele sub-district, North West Province (South Africa). Methods: The study was done in three phases employing mixed methods research. Qualitative methods, using focus group discussions with 31 diabetic patients (a convenience purposive sample), and an open ended self-administered questionnaire with ten health professionals serving them, assessed the NE needs and preferences (phase 1). The data were analysed according to the framework approach. The results from the needs assessment were used to plan a tailored NE programme (phase 2). A randomised controlled trial (quantitative) with a sample of 82 patients (with HbA1c ≥ 8), allocated to either intervention or control groups, evaluated the effect of the NE programme (phase 3). Outcomes [HbA1c, dietary behaviours, blood lipids, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), diabetes knowledge and attitudes towards diabetes and its treatment] were assessed at baseline, six months and 12 months respectively. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared the groups on measured outcomes using baseline values, age, gender, and clinic as covariates. Rank ANCOVA was used for dietary intake. The level of significance for all tests was set at α < 0.05 for a two-tailed test. Results: Needs assessment Diabetes related knowledge deficits and inappropriate dietary practices, including food portion control problems, inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits and unbalanced diets, were observed. Eight barriers and two facilitators to dietary adherence were identified. Financial constraint was the major barrier while social support was the major facilitator. NE recommendations included content related to the disease and diet, group education at the clinic, a competent educator, provision of education materials and inclusion of family members. The planned NE programme consisted of eight weekly training sessions and six follow-up sessions (monthly and bi-monthly), vegetable gardening demonstrations and education materials. Nutrition education programme effects: Seventy six participants (38 per group) completed the study. The differences in HbA1c (primary outcome) between the intervention and control groups were -0.62% (p=0.15) at six months and -0.67% (p=0.16) at 12 months. Few participants, four from the intervention group and one from the control group, achieved HbA1c target (<7%) at both six and 12 months, [(p=0.20), (p=0.36)] respectively. There were no significant between group differences in BMI, lipid profile and blood pressure at six months and 12 months. Starchy foods intake (median servings) were significantly lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, 9.3 vs. 10.8 (p=0.005) at six months and 9.9 vs. 11.9 (p=0.017) at 12 months. The proportion of participants growing own vegetables significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group 17/41 vs. 5/40 (p=0.003) at six months and 16/38 vs. 5/38 at 12 months. No significant group differences in the intake of energy, macronutrients, vegetable and fruits, sodium, cholesterol and fibre were observed at six and 12 months. Diabetes knowledge improved in the intervention group +0.95 (p=0.033) and +2.2 (p=0.000) when compared with the control group at six and 12 months respectively. There were no significant group differences in the attitudes towards diabetes and its treatment. Conclusions: The qualitative needs assessment provided insight for planning a tailored NE programme. The NE improved some dietary behaviours (starchy foods portion control and growing own vegetables) and diabetes knowledge. A non-significant lowering of HbA1c was observed. / Thesis (Phd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Human Nutrition / unrestricted

The American Indians population in Minneapolis, Minnesota has experienced limited health care access and threefold diabetes health disparity. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent to which collaborating marketplace clinics and community-based support groups expanded diabetes care and provided self-management education for this largely urban Indian neighborhood. The marketplace clinics located in nearby CVS, Walmart, Target, and Supervalu stores committed financial support, certified educators, and pharmacy staff for the community-based support group. The study was conducted within the patient activation measure (PAM) analytical framework to assess the participants' acquired knowledge, skills, and confidence for diabetes self-management. A case-control study and 3 years retrospective analysis of secondary data were used to test whether the Minneapolis marketplace clinics and the Phillips community diabetes support group participants (n = 48) had improved diabetes health outcomes relative to the control group (n = 87). The intervention group employed motivational interviewing and PAM in coaching diabetes self-care and behavioral modification. The control group received only basic self-management education. T test and Cohen's d effect size measurements were used to quantify the size of the health outcome variables' difference between the study intervention and comparison groups. The positive effects of marketplace clinics and community-based complementation were shown through improved blood sugar control (A1C), weight loss (BMI), and healthful lifestyle changes. Social change progress could be realized by incorporating PAM with diabetes prevention programs for 33 Urban Indian Health Organizations that are located in large cities throughout the United States.

Contexte : Les programmes d'éducation à l'autogestion du diabète (DSME) pour les patients atteints de diabète de type 2 (DT2) risquent de leur être insuffisants à long terme sans un soutien social adéquat. Il est nécessaire d'envisager des initiatives de soutien par les pairs pour compléter et soutenir la prestation actuelle de la DSME dans les établissements de soins primaires afin de fournir un soutien social continu aux personnes ayant des besoins complexes non satisfaits. Objectifs : Étant donné qu'il n'y a pas de « modèle unique », l'objectif est d'explorer l'étendue des interventions de soutien par les pairs pour le DT2 dans les pays à revenu élevé en termes de modèles et d'impact, de perspectives des parties prenantes et d'informations contextuelles. Méthodes : Une étude de portée a été effectuée sur la littérature publiée et grise issue de quatre bases de données bibliographiques électroniques entre janvier 2007 et janvier 2021. Les études ont été examinées indépendamment selon la méthodologie d'Arksey et O'Malley (2005) et Levac et al. (2010), puis vérifiées par deux examinateurs. Résultats : Parmi les cinq modèles de soutien par les pairs (soutien en face à face, soutien par téléphone, coaching entre pairs, soutien virtuel et agents de santé communautaires) recensés dans les 70 documents retenus, avec une concentration d’études aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni, le soutien en face à face et le soutien par téléphone semblent les plus prometteurs, avec la plus grande couverture de preuves scientifiques sur les issues du DT2. Les données expérientielles venaient de patients DT2, de pairs aidants, de professionnels de la santé et de gestionnaires de programme. Onze facteurs contextuels clés (recrutement et sélection, définition du rôle, formation, reconnaissance, supervision, rétention, rémunération, lieu, portée, analyse des coûts et fidélité de l'intervention) ont été identifiés comme importants pour la mise en œuvre de ces dispositifs de soutien par les pairs. Conclusions : L'intervention de soutien par les pairs pour le DT2 devrait être considérée comme un levier pour la gestion du DT2 en favorisant la participation communautaire et la collaboration intersectorielle. / Context: Diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs for type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients may not suffice for long-term management without adequate social support. There is a need to consider peer support initiatives to complement and sustain the current delivery of DSME in primary care settings in order to provide ongoing social support for those with unmet complex needs. Objectives: Given the no “one size fits all’’, the aim is to explore the breadth of T2D peer support interventions in high-income nations in terms of their models and impact, stakeholders’ perspectives, and contextual information. Methods: A scoping review was conducted on published and grey literature found in four electronic bibliographic databases between January 2007 to January 2021. Studies were independently reviewed as per Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodology and Levac et al. (2010) enhancements, and later verified by two reviewers. Results: 70 records were included with research designs concentrated in USA and UK. Among the five peer support models (face-to-face self-management programs, telephone-based peer support, peer coaching, online-based peer support, and community health workers), face-to-face self-management programs and telephone-based peer support seem the most promising with the largest coverage of scientific evidence on T2D outcomes. Experiential data on the endorsement of such intervention emerged from T2D patients, peer supporters, healthcare professionals and program managers. Eleven key contextual factors (recruitment and selection, role definition, training, recognition, supervision, retention, remuneration, venue, reach, costing analysis and intervention fidelity) were identified as important for implementation consideration. Conclusions: T2D peer support intervention should be considered as a leverage for T2D management by fostering community participation and intersectoral collaboration.