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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Partly exchangeable fragmentations

Chen, Bo January 2009 (has links)
We introduce a simple tree growth process that gives rise to a new two-parameter family of discrete fragmentation trees that extends Ford's alpha model to multifurcating trees and includes the trees obtained by uniform sampling from Duquesne and Le Gall's stable continuum random tree. We call these new trees the alpha-gamma trees. In this thesis, we obtain their splitting rules, dislocation measures both in ranked order and in sized-biased order, and we study their limiting behaviour. We further extend the underlying exchangeable fragmentation processes of such trees into partly exchangeable fragmentation processes by weakening the exchangeability. We obtain the integral representations for the measures associated with partly exchangeable fragmentation processes and subordinator of the tagged fragments. We also embed the trees associated with such processes into continuum random trees and study their limiting behaviour. In the end, we generate a three-parameter family of partly exchangeable trees which contains the family of the alpha-gamma trees and another important two-parameter family based on Poisson-Dirichlet distributions.
2

Coupe et reconstruction d'arbres et de cartes aléatoires / Cutting and rebuilding random trees and maps

Dieuleveut, Daphné 10 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse se divise en deux parties. Nous nous intéressons dans un premier temps à des fragmentations d'arbres aléatoires, et aux arbres des coupes associés. Dans le cadre discret, les modèles étudiés sont des arbres de Galton-Watson, fragmentés en enlevant successivement des arêtes choisies au hasard. Nous étudions également leurs analogues continus, l'arbre brownien et les arbres stables, que l'on fragmente en supprimant des points donnés par des processus ponctuels de Poisson. L'arbre des coupes associé à l'un de ces processus, discret ou continu, décrit la généalogie des composantes connexes créées au fur et à mesure de la dislocation. Pour une fragmentation qui se concentre autour de nœuds de grand degré, nous montrons que l'arbre des coupes continu est la limite d'échelle des arbres des coupes discrets correspondants. Dans les cas brownien et stable, nous montrons également que l'on peut reconstruire l'arbre initial à partir de son arbre des coupes et d'un étiquetage bien choisi de ses points de branchement. Nous étudions ensuite un problème portant sur les cartes aléatoires, et plus précisément sur la quadrangulation uniforme infinie du plan (UIPQ). De récents résultats montrent que dans l'UIPQ, toutes les géodésiques infinies issues de la racine sont essentiellement similaires. Nous déterminons la quadrangulation limite obtenue en ré-enracinant l'UIPQ ''à l'infini'' sur de l'une de ces géodésiques. Cette étude se fait en découpant l'UIPQ le long de cette géodésique. Nous étudions les deux parties ainsi créées via une correspondance avec des arbres discrets, puis nous obtenons la limite souhaitée par recollement. / This PhD thesis is divided into two parts. First, we study some fragmentations of random trees and the associated cut-trees. The discrete models we are interested in are Galton-Watson trees, which are cut down by recursively removing random edges. We also consider their continuous counterparts, the Brownian and stable trees, which are fragmented by deleting the atoms of Poisson point processes. For these discrete and continuous models, the associated cut-tree describes the genealogy of the connected components which appear during the cutting procedure. We show that for a ''vertex-fragmentation'', in which the nodes having a large degree are more susceptible to be deleted, the continuous cut-tree is the scaling limit of the corresponding discrete cut-trees. In the Brownian and stable cases, we also give a transformation which rebuilds the initial tree from its cut-tree and a well chosen labeling of its branchpoints. The second part relates to random maps, and more precisely the uniform infinite quadrangulation of the plane (UIPQ). Recent results show that in the UIPQ, all infinite geodesic rays originating from the root are essentially similar. We identify the limit quadrangulation obtained by rerooting the UIPQ at a point ''at infinity'' on one of these geodesics. To do this, we split the UIPQ along this geodesic ray. Using a correspondence with discrete trees, we study the two sides, and obtain the desired limit by gluing them back together.

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