Government of Canada communications professionals work in an increasingly challenging environment, characterized by an intrusive 24/7 media cycle, a frenetic pace of evolving communication technologies, layered accountability requirements, political tension, and waning public trust. Scholars call on professional communicators to help rebuild public trust, which is intrinsic to a healthy democratic government. The Three-dimensional Model for Transparency in Government Communication developed by Fairbanks, Plowman and Rawlins (2007) serves as the theoretical framework for investigating the Government of Canada’s approach to transparent citizen-focused communications from the perspective of communications professionals. The model’s adaptability to the Government of Canada context is tested through 23 qualitative semi-structured interviews with Government of Canada senior communications advisors, managers and executives. The data is analysed using constant comparative thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that Government of Canada communicators strongly value transparency. Furthermore, the key components of the transparency model – communications practices, organizational support and provision of resources – encapsulate the factors that influence the practice of transparent citizen-focused communications by the Government of Canada. The study concludes by offering recommendations for future research and practical applications.

Bakgrund: Det har funnits en uppfattning att nyblivna mammor ska ta det lugnt efter förlossningen. På senare tid har dock forskning visat att det är viktigt att träna framförallt sina magmuskler med anpassade övningar. Syfte: Att undersöka nyblivna mammors uppfattningar om träning av magmusklerna efter graviditeten och hur dessa uppfattningar omsätts i faktisk träning. Metod: En kvalitativ forskningsansats användes och semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta nyblivna mammor. Data analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fem huvudkategorier skapades och dessa var tankar om att träna magmusklerna, att träna sina magmuskler, att tillägna sig information om träning, faktorer som underlättar träningen samt att inte få till träning. Konklusion: De mammor som uppgav att de inte hade några kunskaper om träning av magmusklerna tränade inte heller. De som tränade gjorde det med hjälp av appar eller böcker anpassade för nyblivna mammor eller på mamma-barn pass. Den vanligaste informationskällan var Internet, dock ifrågasatte mammorna tillförlitligheten. Faktorer som främjade att mammorna tränade var organiserad träning, att gymmen erbjuder olika träningslösningar samt möjligheten till egentid. Barriärer var vardagen, brist på barnpassning och kroppsliga besvär. / Background: Previous recommendations said that new mothers should rest after giving birth. But more recently research has stated that it is important to do exercises for your abs postpartum. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine new mothers views of abtraining postpartum and how these views are turned into actual practice. Method: A qualitative research approach was used and semi-structured interviews was performed with eight new mothers. Data were analyzed by using content analysis. Results: Five main categories were formed. These were views of abtraining, to exercise your abs, assimilating information on exercise, things that facilitates training and not get into the workout. Conclusion: The mothers that expressed that they didn´t know much about exercises did not actually do exercises for their abs. Those who trained used apps or books appropiate for new mothers or went to mother-child classes. The most common source of information was the Internet. However mothers questioned its reliability. Facilitators were the possibility to attend organized training, gyms offering different solutions and the opportunity to childfree time. Barriers were everyday life, lack of childcare, as well as physical problems.

The purpose with this study is to investigate what information that has reach the pedagogues according to the work towards a “poison free” pre-school. The study will also investigate the pedagogue’s opinion about how the marginalization is affecting the quality and educational work caused by the removal of dangerous plastic toys that are harmful to the environment. The marginalization of dangerous plastic toys from the pre-school can lead to unwanted consequences to the quality of the pre-schools The study will be written from a pragmatical perspective, which according to Kroksmark (2011) are about that the pedagogues are supposed to adjust the environment to the children’s needs. Are the children’s needs affected by the removal of plastic toys? My choice of method is therefore interviews with the pedagogues to get answers to my questions. The study’s choice of interview method is semi structured interviews and is set up so that the responder can speak freely about any given theme and make it possible for me to ask follow up questions. This method is adapted to gain a big amount of information and to get so close to my questions as possible. The result shows that the pedagogues have gained good information about the unhealthy chemicals and been able to pass this forward to the caregivers. The effect towards a pre-school free from unhealthy substances shows that some of the responders thinks that especially one of the genders are affected by removal of dangerous toys.

Formål – At beskrive variationen i sygeplejerskers opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne samt hvilke faktorer sygeplejersker oplever, har betydning for om de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet.   Design - Beskrivende og undersøgende undersøgelse med en fænomenografisk forsknings-tilnærmelse. Semi-strukturerede interviews med fokus på sygeplejerskers egen opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne.   Ramme – Hvidovre Hospital.   Informanter – 14 sygeplejersker (12 kvinder, to mænd) fordelt på 11 afdelinger, indenfor kirurgiske specialer, medicinske specialer, kvinde-barn specialer og intensivterapi.   Resultat –  Analysen viser, at de interviewede sygeplejersker er af den opfattelse, at de stort set altid efterlever anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne. Endvidere blev der ved analysen identificeret seks forskellige opfattelser af de faktorer, der har indflydelse på, om sygeplejerskerne følger anbefalinger for håndhygiejne: Håndhygiejne er en naturlig handling; Smitterisiko; Akutte situationer, uforudsigelighed og travlhed; Omgivelsernes opmærksomhed; Håndhygiejnefaciliteter; Akkreditering, hygiejneaudit og håndhygiejnekampagne.   Konklusion – Sygeplejerskers oplevelse af, at de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet og deres forskellige opfattelser af faktorer, der har betydning for, om de følger anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne bør have indflydelse på de håndhygiejneaktiviteter, der planlægges og iværksættes med henblik på at øge sygeplejerskers efterlevelse af anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne. / Aim – To describe variations in nurses’ ways of experiencing compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene and factors nurses experience as having influence on their compliance with hand hygiene.   Design – Descriptive and explorative study using a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured interviews, focusing on the nurses’ own experiences regarding compliance with recommendations with hand hygiene.   Setting – Hvidovre Hospital.   Subjects – 14 nurses (12 women, 2 men) from 11 different wards, within the surgical speciality, the medical speciality, the women-child speciality and intensive care.   Results – The analysis shows that the interviewed nurses perceive that they nearly always follow the recommendations for hand hygiene. Furthermore six different perceptions of factors with influence on nurses’ compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene were identified in the analysis: Hand hygiene is a natural action; Infection risk; Acute situations, unpredictability and busyness; The attention of the surroundings; Facilities for hand hygiene; Accreditation, hygiene audit and hand hygiene campaign.   Conclusion – Nurses’ experiences of compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene and the different perceptions of factors influencing wether they follow recommendations for hand hygiene ought to influence the planning and implementations of hand hygiene activities in order to promote nurses’ compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene. / <p>ISBN 978-91-7844-743-5</p>

Text analysis has become an important research activity in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Statistical text mining and natural language processing have been shown to be very effective for extracting useful information from medical documents. However, neither of these techniques is effective at extracting the information stored in semi-structure text elements. A prototype system (TagLine) was developed as a method for extracting information from the semi-structured portions of text using machine learning. Features for the learning machine were suggested by prior work, as well as by examining the text, and selecting those attributes that help distinguish the various classes of text lines. The classes were derived empirically from the text and guided by an ontology developed by the Consortium for Health Informatics Research (CHIR), a nationwide research initiative focused on medical informatics. Decision trees and Levenshtein approximate string matching techniques were tested and compared on 5,055 unseen lines of text. The performance of the decision tree method was found to be superior to the fuzzy string match method on this task. Decision trees achieved an overall accuracy of 98.5 percent, while the string match method only achieved an accuracy of 87 percent. Overall, the results for line classification were very encouraging. The labels applied to the lines were used to evaluate TagLines' performance for identifying the semi-structures text elements, including tables, slots and fillers. Results for slots and fillers were impressive while the results for tables were also acceptable.

In the 21st century, the mobility of world population has posed greater challenges to healthcare practitioners, since they are facing an increasingly diverse patient population from all over the world. At the same time, patients also find it difficult to access and utilize quality health care services in a culturally diverse context. This study examines the role of culture in Chinese international students’ health-seeking behaviours in Canada. The study explores any barriers/perceived barriers that Chinese international students may confront when accessing health care which can prevent them from obtaining quality health care services in Canada. To this end, an intercultural health communication model was employed as a theoretical framework, and semi-structured interviews were used as a data collection tool. While contributing to existing literature on health communication and culture, this study also hopes to contribute to providing Canadian universities and institutions important information regarding Chinese international students’ access to and utilization of health care services with the hope of enhancing the quality of ethnic health care and promoting better health outcomes.

Recent research has proposed a new stage in human development, termed emerging adulthood by Jeffrey Arnett, which is characterized by a prolonged journey to adult roles and responsibilities. This thesis explores the experience of Chinese emerging adults, university students aged 20-25 years using Erikson’s and Levinson’s developmental theories as a theoretical framework. These authors proposed that three major developmental tasks are necessary for the transition to adulthood: separating from family of origin, forming an adult identity and finding the place for the self in the larger society. Qualitative interviews were conducted virtually with 12 Chinese university students to understand their perceptions and lived experience. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts. The results suggest Chinese emerging adults (a) have a low level of separation from parents; (b) have not formed a clear sense of identity and have not achieved a self-definition in adulthood; and (c) have not made initial commitments to love and work. It is speculated that the Chinese sociocultural context may further postpone its young adults’ independence and autonomy, and this prolonged transition to adulthood is both positive and problematic to Chinese young adults. This study lends support to Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory through its exploration of emerging adulthood in China, where, to date, little research has been done on this subject. It provides rich descriptions of the experience of Chinese emerging adults’ lives and enhances understandings of the role of culture in influencing the emerging adulthood period.

Government of Canada communications professionals work in an increasingly challenging environment, characterized by an intrusive 24/7 media cycle, a frenetic pace of evolving communication technologies, layered accountability requirements, political tension, and waning public trust. Scholars call on professional communicators to help rebuild public trust, which is intrinsic to a healthy democratic government. The Three-dimensional Model for Transparency in Government Communication developed by Fairbanks, Plowman and Rawlins (2007) serves as the theoretical framework for investigating the Government of Canada’s approach to transparent citizen-focused communications from the perspective of communications professionals. The model’s adaptability to the Government of Canada context is tested through 23 qualitative semi-structured interviews with Government of Canada senior communications advisors, managers and executives. The data is analysed using constant comparative thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that Government of Canada communicators strongly value transparency. Furthermore, the key components of the transparency model – communications practices, organizational support and provision of resources – encapsulate the factors that influence the practice of transparent citizen-focused communications by the Government of Canada. The study concludes by offering recommendations for future research and practical applications.

Alla människor har en vardag, med rutiner, vanor och förpliktelser som upptar vår tid. I denna uppsats undersöker jag hur fyra personers vardag formas och påverkas av psykisk ohälsa. Den vardag de beskriver handlar i första hand om att bemästra den psykiska ohälsan och ta kontrollen över hur de mår. För att lyckas med detta använder de sig av olika hjälpmedel, där mediciner är det viktigaste. Medicinerna är en stor del i att informanterna kan hantera sin vardag, men den psykiska ohälsan ger även verkningar i andra aspekter av vardagen, såsom arbetsliv, ekonomi, hur de ser på sig själva och hur de uppfattas av andra. / All people have their own routines, habits, and commitments to deal with on a daily basis. In this essay, I examine how four individuals’ everyday lives are shaped and influenced by their mental illnesses. They describe how the primary tasks of their everyday struggles are to master their mental health by controlling their mood and their feelings. To succeed with this, they use different aiding methods, where medications are the most important ones. The medications are essential in helping the informants to handle their everyday lives, but the mental illnesses also affect other aspects such as work, finance, self-image, and how they are perceived by others.

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。