Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, November 2007.

The synchronization of coupled semiconductor lasers with delay is investigated by numerical simulations of the nonlinear dynamic models complemented by a stability analysis of the linearized system. The equations used in the dissertation are based on the well known "Lang-Kobayashi" model modified to include unidirectional and bidirectional coupling. Stability diagrams are calculated and supplemented by numerically integrated time series. Synchronization is determined and quantified by computing the cross-correlation function. It is found that synchronized states are achievable for a wide range of coupling constants and delay times. These findings have implications for experiment and technological applications, notably in cryptography. / by Michael S. London. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Kit Chan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgment --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Ultrashort Pulses Generation in Semiconductor Lasers and Fiber Lasers --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Wavelength Tunable Pulse Generation From Semiconductor Laser --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Wavelength Tunable Pulse Generation from Erbium Doped Fiber Lasers --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.8 / Reference --- p.10 / Chapter 2. --- Principles and Theories --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Principle of Synchronous Injection Seeding --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- Principle of Compensated Dispersive Tuning in Self-seeding Configuration --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Principle of Compensated Dispersive Tuning in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Principle of Wavelength Switching in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser with Fiber Bragg Gratings in Cascaded Configuration --- p.24 / Chapter 3. --- Electrical Wavelength Tunable Pulses Generated From Two-way Synchronous Injection Seeded Fabry-Perot Laser Diodes --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.38 / Reference --- p.39 / Chapter 4. --- Compensated Dispersive Tuning In Self-Seeding Configuration --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.55 / Reference --- p.56 / Chapter 5. --- Compensated Dispersive Tuning in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.59 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.69 / Reference --- p.70 / Chapter 6. --- Compensated Dispersive Tuning in Actively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Using Linearly Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating --- p.71 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.73 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.77 / Reference --- p.78 / Chapter 7. --- Electrically Wavelength Switching in Actively Mode- locked Fiber Laser Using Fiber Bragg Gratingsin Cascaded Configuration --- p.79 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.80 / Chapter 7.2 --- Experimental Details --- p.81 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.83 / Chapter 7.4 --- Summary --- p.87 / Reference --- p.88 / Chapter 8. --- Conclusion and Future Works --- p.89 / Chapter 8.1 --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter 8.2 --- Possible Future Works --- p.92 / Appendices --- p.A-l / Chapter Appendix A. --- List of Publications --- p.A-l / Chapter Appendix B. --- List of Figures --- p.A-2

Lee Ka-lun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgment --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vi / List of figure --- p.viii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Generation of picosecond pulses from semiconductor laser and fiber laser --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2. --- Wavelength tunable pulse generated from semiconductor laser --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3. --- Wavelength tunable pulse generated from erbium doped fiber laser --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4. --- Structure of the thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2. --- Principles and Theories --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1. --- Principle of dispersion tuning --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.1. --- Dependence on the strength of dispersion --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.2. --- Wavelength selection in time domain --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.3. --- Compensated dispersion tuning in a dispersion balanced fiber ring --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2. --- Optical gating using Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror (NOLM) incorporated with nonlinear element --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3. --- Principle of compensated dispersion tuning in harmonically mode- locked fiber laser incorporated with linearly chirped fiber grating (LCFG) --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4. --- Principle of compensated dispersion tuning in self-seeding configuration --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5. --- Principle of dual-wavelength operation in harmonically mode-locked fiber laser --- p.31 / Chapter 3. --- Preliminarily experimental study --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1. --- Wavelength selection using strong and weak dispersive medium --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2. --- NOLM as a fast optical modulator --- p.38 / Chapter 4. --- Self-compensated dispersion-tuning in mode-locked fiber laser using bi- directional transit in a linearly chirped fiber grating --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2. --- Experimental Details --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4. --- Summary --- p.54 / Chapter 5. --- Generation of wavelength tunable pulses from a self-seeded semiconductor laser using an optically controlled Nonlinear Optical Loop Modulator (NOLM) incorporated with a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) --- p.56 / Chapter 5.1. --- Introduction --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2. --- Experimental Details --- p.58 / Chapter 5.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 5.4. --- Summary --- p.71 / Chapter 6. --- Alternate and Simultaneous Generation of 1 GHz Dual-Wavelength Pulses from an Electrically-Tunable Harmonically Mode-locked Fiber Laser --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1. --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 6.2. --- Experimental Details --- p.76 / Chapter 6.3. --- Results and discussion --- p.80 / Chapter 6.4. --- Summary --- p.87 / Chapter 7. --- Conclusion and Future works --- p.89 / Chapter 7.1. --- Conclusion --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2. --- Future works --- p.93 / Appendix --- p.A-l / List of Publication --- p.A-l

by Sui-Pan Yam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.V / Abstract --- p.VI / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.1) --- Tunable Multi-Wavelength Optical Sources --- p.1 -1 / Chapter 1.2) --- All-Optical Switching --- p.1 -3 / Chapter 1.2.1) --- Nonlinear Effect / Chapter 1.2.2) --- Special Design of the Laser Structure / Chapter 1.2.3) --- Self-Injection Seeding of Fabry-Perot Laser Diode / Chapter 1.3) --- About This Project --- p.1-6 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Basic Theory --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1) --- Mechanism of Gain-Switching --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1.1) --- General Description / Chapter 2.1.2) --- "Optical Pulsewidth, Spectra, and Frequency Chirping of Gain-Switched Pulses" / Chapter 2.2) --- Mechanism of Self-Injection Seeding --- p.2-8 / Chapter 2.2.1) --- General Description / Chapter 2.2.2) --- Dynamics of Single-Mode Formation / Chapter 2.2.3) --- Frequency Evolution of the Laser Diode for Cavity Mode Selection / Chapter 2.2.4) --- Turn-On Delay Time Jitter (TOJ) / Chapter 2.3) --- Mechanism of Injection Seeding --- p.2-17 / Chapter 2.3.1) --- General Description / Chapter 2.3.2) --- The Model of Weak Injection / Chapter 2.3.3) --- The Model of Strong Injection / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Single- and Multi-wavelength Optical Pulses Generated by a Diffraction Grating --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1) --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2) --- Basic Principle --- p.3-2 / Chapter 3.3) --- Experimental Setup --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.4) --- Results and Discussion --- p.3-7 / Chapter 3.4.1) --- Spectral Characteristics Analysis / Chapter 3.4.2) --- Individually Access of the Four-Wavelength Output / Chapter 3.4.3) --- The Optical Pulsewidth Characteristics / Chapter 3.4.4) --- Discussion / Chapter 3.5) --- Summary --- p.3-14 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Using a Highly Dispersive Fiber for Tunable Multi-Wavelength Pulse Generation --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.1) --- Introduction --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2) --- Basic Principle --- p.4-2 / Chapter 4.3) --- Experimental Setup --- p.4-5 / Chapter 4.4) --- Experimental Results --- p.4-7 / Chapter 4.4.1) --- Spectral and Temporal Characteristics / Chapter 4.4.2) --- Wavelength Tuning / Chapter 4.4.3) --- Individually Access of Two Wavelength Channels / Chapter 4.4.4) --- Multi-Wavelength Generation / Chapter 4.5) --- Summary --- p.4-13 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Comparison of Two Self-Seeding Configurations --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1) --- Introduction --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.2) --- Polarization Sensitivity --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.3) --- Stability --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.4) --- Tunability --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.5) --- Simplification --- p.5-3 / Chapter 5.6) --- Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of Two Configurations --- p.5-4 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- All-Optical Wavelength Switching achieved by Self-Seeding and External Injection-Seeding --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1) --- Introduction --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.2) --- Experimental Setup --- p.6-2 / Chapter 6.3) --- Results and Discussion --- p.6-4 / Chapter 6.3.1) --- Spectral Characteristics / Chapter 6.3.2) --- The Optical Pulsewidth / Chapter 6.3.3) --- The Optical Switching Behaviors / Chapter 6.3.4) --- The Detail Information of Switching / Chapter 6.3.5) --- Optical Power / Chapter 6.4) --- Summary --- p.6-10 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- A Novel Self-Injection Seeding Scheme --- p.7-1 / Chapter 7.1) --- Introduction --- p.7-1 / Chapter 7.2) --- Basic Principle --- p.7-2 / Chapter 7.3) --- Experimental Setup --- p.7-9 / Chapter 7.4) --- Results and Discussion --- p.7-11 / Chapter 7.4.1) --- Spectral and Temporal Characterizations of Two-Wavelength Switching / Chapter 7.4.2) --- Different Wavelength Selection / Chapter 7.4.3) --- Operation Frequency Against the Fiber Length / Chapter 7.4.4) --- Multi-Wavelength Generation / Chapter 7.5) --- Discussion --- p.7-20 / Chapter 7.6) --- Summary --- p.7-22 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Comparison of Switching Methods --- p.8-1 / Chapter 8.1) --- Introduction --- p.8-1 / Chapter 8.2) --- Switching between Self-Seeding and Injection-Seeding --- p.8-1 / Chapter 8.3) --- Switching by Self-Seeding of a F-P Laser Diode --- p.8-2 / Chapter 8.4) --- Summary --- p.8-3 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.9-1 / References / Figure Captions / Appendix 一 Equipment Descriptions / List of Accepted and Submitted Publications

by Ka-Suen Lee. / "June 1998." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

The aim of this research was to increase the rate of cell division in algae by exploring the effect of combinations of lasers of various wavelengths. Literature search has identified a gap in knowledge of the potential for increase in efficiency of the electron transition between photosystem II and photosystem I. This through the use of several wavelengths of blue and or red lasers, including 405 nm, 450, and 473 nm, 635 nm, 650 nm, 680 nm, 685 nm and 700 nm to generate photons with energies more closely matching the absorption spectra of algae receptors known as pigments. This investigation underpins the realisation that photons emanating from a specific laser are absorbed by algae pigments because there is a much closer match between the emission spectrum of the laser and the absorption spectrum of the pigments within the photosystems of algae. This research examined all of the available laser wavelengths in particular combinations; the resultant data contributed to the assembly of a matrix that illustrates the most appropriate laser combinations that promote cell division within algae. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii algae cells successfully grew and divided under exposure to both the blue laser, red laser and that of white light LED when each was applied individually or combined in a sequence. The order of the sequence of using the red and blue lasers in specific cases was important. The pH was maintained between 6.9 and 7.7, with temperatures maintained between 19.00 and 25.00 ºC. For the blue lasers, the laboratory results were as follows, (irradiation time was 12 hours every time): • 405 nm blue laser produced 1.8 x cell division of the white light LED. • For 450 nm blue laser: the white light LED produced 1.5 x cell division of the blue laser 450 nm. • 473 nm blue laser produced 2 x cell division of the white light LED. • 405 nm blue laser produced 3.6 x cell division of natural day light. • 450 nm blue laser produced 1.4 x cell division of natural day light. • 473 nm blue laser produced 4 x cell division of natural day light. For the red lasers, the laboratory results were as follows, (irradiation time was 12 hours every time): • For 635 nm red laser: the white light LED produced 4 x cell division of the red laser 635 nm. • 650 nm red laser produced 1.96 x cell division of the white light LED. • 680 nm red laser produced 2.3 x cell division of the white light LED. • For 685 nm red laser: white light LED produced 1.22 x cell division of the red laser 685 nm. • 700 nm red laser produced 1.35 x cell division of the white light LED. • For 635 nm red laser: the natural day light produced 2 x cell division of the red laser 635 nm. • 650 nm red laser produced 3.9 x cell division of natural day light. • 680 nm red laser produced 4.6 x cell division of natural day light. • 685 nm red laser produced 1.6 x cell division of natural day light. • 700 nm red laser produced 2.7 x cell division of natural day light. For the combination of blue and red lasers, the laboratory results were as follows, (irradiation time was 12 hours every time): • First combination: 405 nm blue laser followed by a combination of 680 nm and 700 nm red lasers produced 4.86 x cell division of the white light LED. • Second combination: 473 nm blue laser followed by a combination of 680 nm and 700 nm red lasers produced 4.66 x cell division of the white light LED. • Third combination: a combination of 680 nm and 700 nm red lasers produced 4.43 x cell division of the white light LED.

by Ng Po Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59). / by Ng Po Yin. / Acknowledgments --- p.I / Abstract --- p.II / Table of contents --- p.III / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Interest in ZnxCd1-xSe/InP --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Our work --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Usefulness of PL --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Growth conditions of ZnSe/GaAs and ZnxCd1-x/InP --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Purposes of studying ZnSe/GaAs --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- Inhomogeneity of ZnxCd1-xSe/InP --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Experimental setup and procedures --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Measurements performed --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Experimental procedures --- p.10 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results and discussion --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- RT and 9K PL of ZnSe/GaAs --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Excitation power density dependent, RT and 9K PL of ZnxCd1-xSe/InP" --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Temperature dependent PL of ZnSe/GaAs and ZnxCd1-xSe/InP --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusions and future work --- p.55 / References --- p.57

Tong Yu Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.ii / Table of Contents --- p.iii / Chapter (1) --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of the Thesis --- p.2 / References --- p.4 / Chapter (2) --- Review of Ultrashort Pulse Generation and Pulsewidth Measurement --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Q-switching --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- Gain-switching --- p.8 / Chapter 2.4 --- Mode-locking --- p.11 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Active mode-locking --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Passive mode-locking --- p.13 / Chapter 2.5 --- Optical Pulse Compression --- p.15 / Chapter 2.6 --- Pulsewidth Detection Methods --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Streak camera --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Photodetector and sampling oscilloscope --- p.20 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Nonlinear autocorrelator --- p.21 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Other techniques --- p.24 / References --- p.25 / Chapter (3) --- Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier and Active Mode-locking --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Background --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experiment --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Additive Pulse Mode-locking --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4 --- Active Mode-locking --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Background --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Experiment and result --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.46 / References --- p.46 / Chapter (4) --- Passive Mode-locking of Erbium Doped Fiber Laser --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Setup --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4 --- Initialing Mode-locking --- p.54 / Chapter 4.5 --- Experimental Result --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Real time pulse train --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Autocorrelation trace --- p.57 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- RF spectrum --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Optical spectrum --- p.59 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Time-bandwidth product --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Output power --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6 --- Discussion --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Linear pulse broadening --- p.63 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Cavity oscillation --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Pump power hysteresis --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Sideband generation --- p.67 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- Spectral distortion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.7 --- Chapter Summary --- p.71 / References --- p.72 / Chapter (5) --- Application of Ultrashort Optical Pulses from Figure Eight Laser --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2 --- Dispersion Measurement --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.74 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Background --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Experiment and result --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Time Domain Spectral Estimation --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Background --- p.82 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Experiment and result --- p.83 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 5.4 --- Ultrashort Pulse Amplification --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Background --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Experiment and result --- p.92 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.95 / References --- p.96 / Chapter (6) --- Picosecond Pulse Generation from Semiconductor Laser Diodes --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2 --- Gain-switching --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Experiment using commercial laser diodes --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Repetition rate multiplication --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Pulse compression with HDSF --- p.107 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Fiber loop compressor --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3 --- Active or Hybrid Mode-locking --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Laser structure --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Experiment and result --- p.113 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Discussion and conclusion --- p.116 / Chapter 6.4 --- Amplifier Modulation --- p.117 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Introduction --- p.117 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Experiment and result --- p.118 / Chapter 6.5 --- Wavelength Tuning --- p.120 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Introduction --- p.120 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Experiment and result --- p.121 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Conclusion --- p.123 / Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.124 / References --- p.124 / Chapter (7) --- Conclusion --- p.126 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of the Research --- p.126 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Fiber lasers --- p.126 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Diode lasers --- p.128 / Chapter 7.2 --- Further Study --- p.129 / Appendix I Project Instrumentation --- p.A-l / Appendix II Curve Fitting Program for the SHG Autocorrelation Trace --- p.A-8 / Appendix III Experiment Setup of Figure Eight Laser --- p.A-12 / "Appendix IV Curve Fitting Program for Determination of Second Order Dispersion, dD/dλ" --- p.A-14 / Appendix V 1.3 μm two sections DFB/TA Laser Diode Chips --- p.A-17 / Appendix VI Publication List --- p.A-l9

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