Em todo o mundo, existe uma crescente competição pelo uso de água entre os diversos setores da sociedade. A agricultura é uma grande consumidora do total de água doce disponível. Neste contexto, é desejável uma realocação dos recursos hídricos usados na agricultura para outros setores, tais como o abastecimento público. Desde que realizada de forma controlada, a irrigação com efluentes de estação de tratamento de esgoto (EETE) é altamente atrativa, pois além de possibilitar a liberação de recursos hídricos de melhor qualidade para outras atividades humanas, serve como uma forma de tratamento complementar do efluente, fornecendo ainda água e nutrientes essenciais aos cultivos agrícolas. No entanto, o uso sustentável dos EETEs na agricultura depende não apenas dos aspectos químicos, físicos e biológicos do sistema soloplanta- água, como também de aspectos sócio-econômicos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da irrigação com EETE no agrossistema, avaliando a aceitação da prática pelo proprietário rural e mapeando as áreas potencialmente irrigáveis com efluente no município de Lins. Dos 15 proprietários entrevistados, todos se mostraram favoráveis à prática e destinariam, ao menos uma parte da propriedade, para irrigação com o EETE. O fato do resíduo (efluente) originar-se do tratamento de esgoto urbano não influenciou a percepção dos agricultores quanto ao potencial de aproveitamento agrícola do efluente. O principal fator determinante da maior ou menor aceitação da prática diz respeito aos possíveis ganhos econômicos envolvidos (maior produtividade e menor despesa com fertilizantes minerais). Para os proprietários, o maior empecilho à adoção generalizada da prática corresponde aos custos envolvidos no transporte do efluente até as propriedades. Da área total do município de Lins, 73,42% estão cultivados com pastagens e cana-de-açúcar. Considerando-se as instruções técnicas utilizadas para a definição das áreas apropriadas para irrigação com efluente, existe no município um potencial de 112,9 km2 de áreas aptas, ou seja, 19,82% da área total do município passível de receber EETE via irrigação por aspersão. A inexistência de bases legais que regulamentem o uso deste subproduto, se apresenta como o principal fator limitante para a irrigação de culturas no município de Lins. / Worldwide, there is an increasing competition for the use of water between different sectors of society. The agriculture is a major consumer of the total fresh water available. In this context, it is desirable a reallocation of water resources used in agriculture to other sectors, such as public supply. Since done in a controlled way, irrigation with effluent from sewage treatment plants (TSE) is highly attractive, enabling the release of better water quality sources for other human activities, serving as a complementary treatment of the effluent, also providing water and essential nutrients to agricultural crops. However, the sustainable agricultural use of TSE depends not only of chemical, physical and biological aspects of the soil-plant-water system, but also of socioeconomic aspects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of TSE irrigation in the agrosystem, evaluating the acceptance of the practice by the rural owners and mapping the potentially effluent irrigable areas in the city of Lins. Of the 15 rural owners interviewed, all were in favor of the practice and could reserve, at least a part of the property, for the irrigation with TSE. The fact that the waste (effluent) originates from the treatment of urban sewage has not influenced the perception of farmers about the potential agricultural use of the effluent. The main determining factor of greater or lesser acceptance of the practice relates to the possible economic gains involved (greater productivity and lower expenses with mineral fertilizers). For the rural owners, the biggest drawback to a widespread adoption of the practice corresponds to the costs involved in transporting the sewage to the properties. Of the total area of the municipal district of Lins, 73.42% are cultivated with grassland grass and sugarcane. Considering the technical instructions employed to define the suitable areas for effluent irrigation, there is a local potential of 112.9 km2 of suitable areas, or 19.82% of the total area of the municipality may receive STE via sprinkler irrigation. The lack of legal basis regulating the use of this byproduct represents the main restriction for the crops irrigation in the municipality of Lins.

The diploma thesis deals with the motivation of university students to study the teaching of biology. The aim of this thesis was to find which factors influenced the students when deciding the field of their studies. Student motivation was examined using a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews. The research group consisted of 11 university students of the master's degree program of the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Education at Charles University in the teaching fields combined with biology. The research results show that the primary interest in biology was evident in respondents already during their early childhood or later at an elementary school. In relation to biology, the respondents were influenced by the family and the teachers at either primary or secondary schools. The thesis presents extrinsic and intrinsic motives for the study of biology. The choice of teaching was affected the most by the interest in working with children and the expectation of creative work in the future, even though the respondents were aware of the low financial valuation, the time and psychological demands of the profession. The biology teachers also opted for the possibility of further subject developing and supporting interest in biology interest among pupils. The thesis also contains a...

Les éditeurs collaboratifs permettent à des utilisateurs éloignés de collaborer à une tâche commune qui va de l'utilisation d'un agenda partagé à la réalisation de logiciels. Ce concept est né avec SCCS en1972 et connait un engouement récent (ex: Wikipedia). L'absence de centralisation et l'asynchronisme sont des aspects essentiels de cette approche qui relève d'un modèle pair-à-pair (P2P).  D'un autre côté,le format XML est devenu une référence pour la manipulation et l'échange de documents. Notre travail vise à la réalisation d'un éditeur collaboratif P2P pour l'édition de documents semi-structurés qui sont une abstraction du format XML.  Le problème est difficile et de nombreuses propositions se sont révélées erronées ou ne passant pas à l'échelle. Nous rappelons les concepts et l'état de l'art sur l'édition collaborative, les modèles centralisés et le P2P.  Ensuite, nous explorons deux approches différentes : les transformées opérationnelles et le CRDT (Commutative Replicated Data Type) avec différentes structures de données arborescentes. L'objectif est de réaliser les opérations de base (ajout, suppression et ré-étiquetage) tout en garantissant la convergence du processus d'édition. Nous proposons un algorithme générique pour l'approche CRDT basée sur une notion d'indépendance dans la structure de données.  Nous avons étendu nos travaux afin de réaliser l'opération de déplacement d'un sous-arbre et de prendre en compte le typage XML. Peu de travaux abordent ces deux points qui sont très utiles pour l'édition de documents. Finalement, nous donnons les résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec un prototype permettant de valider notre approche. / Collaborative editors allow different users to work together on a common task. Such tasks range from using a shared calendar to realizing software programmed by users located at distant sites. This concept was invented in 1972 with SCCS. In the last years, this paradigm became popular (ex. Wikipedia). Decentralization and asynchronicity are essential in this approach, leading to peer-to-peer (P2P) models. Meanwhile, the XML format has arrived as the de facto standard for editing and exchanging documents. Our work aims at defining a collaborative editor for semi-structured documents, which provide an abstraction of the XML format. The problem is difficult since many previous approaches are flawed or not scalable. Firstly,we describe the basic concepts on collaborative edition and network models and we give the state of the art of this topic. Then, we investigate two different approaches : the operational transformation(OT) approach and the Commutative Replicated Data Type (CRDT) approach for different (tree-like) data structures. Our goal is to ensure the convergence of the editing process with the basic operations (Add, Deland rename a node. We have proposed a new generic algorithm based on semantic independence in data structure for CRDT approach. We have extended our results by dealing with the operation that moves a subtree and with XML schema compliance. Few works have been devoted to these extensions which are useful in collaborative edition. Finally, we provide experimental results obtained from our implementation that validate our approach.

The thesis The Gender Construction of the Role of Male Teachers in Kindergarten from the Perspective of Pedagogical Professionals deals with gender construction of the role of male teachers in kindergartens, from the perspective of the male teachers themselves and from the perspective of female teachers and female directors who teach with male teachers in kindergartens. For this purpose I conducted nonparticipant observation, which was complemented by semistructured interviews. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical part. Theoretical part deals with fundamental concepts which are related to the research question and empirical part consists of methodical procedures and analysis of interviews with male teachers, female teachers and female directors as well as analysis of fieldnotes from nonparticipant observation. Key words: gender role construction, male teachers, pedagogical professionals, educators, kindergarten, early childhood education, nonparticipant observation, semistructured interviews

MATULA, Kamil. Information Seeking in the Mobile Environment. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav informačních studií a knihovnictví, 2021. Ph.D. Thesis. Supervisor PhDr. et Bc. Jindra Planková, Ph.D. Abstract The dissertation thesis deals with information seeking in mobile environment using smartphone. For this purpose, a qualitative research is conducted, devided into two consecutive research activities. In the first activity are used semistructured interviews to collect the data and the grounded theory is used for data analysis. In the second activity are used methods "thinking aloud" and practical information seeking based on model scenarios. Results of the second research activity are evaluated by thematic analysis and task analysis. The findings have broadenend and deepend the state of current knowledge concerning the information seeking in the mobile environment. We consider exploration of limiting factors that affect information seeking in mobile environment as one of the most beneficial result as well as discovery of two extreme styles of information seeking in mobile environment. Keywords Information Behaviour; Information Seeking; Information Retrieval; Mobile En- vironment; Mobile Information and Communication Technologies; Qualitative Research; Semistructured Interview; Thinking...

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9076_Dissertacao José Osmar - Configuracoes Identitarias Autarquia Publica.pdf: 1760544 bytes, checksum: a278cecc0eccaaa733fed241ac5e938e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-30 / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender como as transformações no contexto da defesa sanitária e inspeção agropecuária entre 1996 e 2014 se relacionam com as configurações identitárias do Idaf manifestadas por gestores nesse contexto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que descreve os processos identitários da organização por um olhar interpretativista, pelo entendimento das relações simbólicas que permeiam essa organização, observados em discursos dos sujeitos. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizadas pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco sujeitos da organização nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2014. O método de análise foi a Análise de Conteúdo (KRIPPENDORFF, 1990) que busca investigar dados textuais através de técnicas que permitam compreendê-los com seus significados, referências, valorações e intenções. Pretendeu-se contribuir, com esse estudo, para a compreensão da identidade organizacional, em uma organização pública, no contexto da defesa sanitária e inspeção agropecuária. Os resultados permitiram identificar o Idaf como único e distinto de outras organizações e como essa identificação está relacionada às transformações do contexto agropecuário.