Implementation of a small-scale irrigation project in southern Mauritania is analyzed in this report. The main objective is to demonstrate that small-scale irrigation farming is the best suited solution for Mauritania's agriculture. To reach this objective different steps are taken in this study. The first step highlights the different aspects affecting the development of agriculture in the Senegal River basin such as climatic, environmental, and socio-economic constraints. The next step is the design of a small-scale irrigation system for a small region in the middle valley of the Senegal River called the Dirol plain. Finally, analysis and discussion of the design is made. This discussion centers on the problems faced during the design and the different assumptions made to implement it. The conclusion section addresses the feasibility of the design and gives recommendations that will help improve the design process for future work in the Senegal River basin. / Graduation date: 1996

This thesis looks at the social significance of dance in Dakar, Senegal, both as an everyday practice and as a performing art. The boundaries commonly drawn between stage and mundane performance are shown to be irrelevant, as people circulate between performance spaces and dance forms. The dance itself is described as an elusive and ever-changing way of constructing identity, which is renewed every time it is performed. Most importantly, this thesis introduces dance as a vehicle of social mobility in its multiple dimensions, as an instrument in the politics of ethnicity in Senegal, and as a site of negotiation of gender relations. The complex interplay between the agency of local dancers and global performing circuits is also examined. Transformations in social status of performers are traced through time, space and across three genres of performance: the sabar, which is central in what I call "women's dances", folkloric performance, and recent choreographic experiments, lumped under the misleading label of "contemporary dance". The sabar and women's dance events are examined both as the local movement style that informs some of the choreographic work displayed on stage, and as a central space in which alternative gender relations are experimented with. I suggest that urban dance events have become increasingly dominated by women, for whom the dance is a convenient way of excluding men from their sociality, or including them on their own terms. Women are thus able to retain the control of important aspects of social life (the socialization of young girls, marriage negotiations, exchanging secrets on how to "tie" a husband), engage in trade and coach each other into small-scale business. Alongside the celebration of female solidarity, dance events are also moments of intense female competition. This is achieved through fashion, sexually explicit dancing and elaborate manipulation of the body. I argue that in a depressed economic climate which has turned to the disadvantage of most men, women are discreetly using their favourite form of sociality - the dance to make advances into the socio-economic domain. The argument on the performer's status through time takes the pre-colonial status stratification, particularly the figure of the Griot-performer, as a starting point. I suggest that the international career opportunities generated by the development of the folkloric genre from the 1960s onwards have helped modify the perception of the performer, albeit on a moderate scale. Further improvement has recently been achieved with the emergence of "contemporary dance". This is because the most successful performers within this experimental genre have benefited from the opportunity to promote themselves as individual artists. Moreover, when on tour abroad they are usually paid more and perform in more prestigious theatres than they do with folkloric performance, which often remains confined to "African festivals" and tourist resorts. In Senegal, they engage in collaborative work with visiting artists from Europe, North America or Japan. By contrast with the elitist character of the genre in its early days, in the 1970s, "contemporary" Senegalese dance is gradually becoming popularized, as people promote themselves as artists with a social consciousness. But the thesis also emphasizes that social mobility is not equally available to all, and that success, far from being a linear process, also contains the possibility of its own downfall: touring abroad may lose much of its appeal once people realize that they are being exploited. For performers who experiment with "contemporary" forms, social recognition can easily turn into accusations of doing "White people's stuff". This may partly explain why these performers are so keen to make their "local" grounding explicit, and why they nurture a fascination with "tradition". In a broader sense, this study also highlights the complexities of globalization processes in performance. It hints at the risks of the forms of globalization that reinforce power imbalances. Indeed, the renewed interest in the "contemporary" arts of Africa may be seen as part of a more general movement towards exploiting the creativity of African cultures. I examine people's ambivalent attitudes towards this, and argue that people perceive their own lives, as well as their status in the wider world, as deeply entangled with the representations of Africa which are projected onto the worldwide stage.

Thesis--Hamburg. / Bibliography: p. 155-163.

This thesis is a comparative study of the central government administration in Guinea and Senegal in the light of the contrasting political systems said to operate in the two states since independence. Guinea and Senegal became independent in 1958 and 1960 respectively and according to existing studies of both states, they have developed contrasting political systems. However, until they became independent, both states were French colonies and were administered under a common administrative system established by the French rulers. On the basis of the existing studies of the two states' political systems which are reviewed in the Introduction, it is postulated that in Senegal, the central government administration would represent an apparent evolution out of the French colonial administration modified and adapted to suit the goals of the government but in accordance with the basic ideas and principles that underlay the French colonial administration. With Guinea, on the other hand, given the way in which independence was achieved, the stated ideology and the goals of the government and the emphasis in academic studies on the party both as a policy making and, in some cases, as an administrative institution, it might be expected that past colonial experience would have a minimal influence and that the central government administration would have markedly different characteristics; and thus, that this central government administration would present significant contrasts to that in Senegal. The central concern of the thesis is to investigate this general proposition.

acase@tulane.edu / Introduction: The Home-based Management of Malaria (HMM) is a cornerstone of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and is recommended by WHO to provide prompt access to antimalarial treatment for children in under-served areas. Although HMM has been shown to reduce malaria morbidity and mortality with chloroquine, it has not been examined previously in the era of artemisinin-based combination therapies. The objectives of this study were to determine whether HMM reduced: 1] the time from when a mother or guardian realized her child was ill to the time when the child was brought for treatment and 2] malaria morbidity in children less than 5 years of age. Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study (2008-2014) was performed in intervention villages (receiving HMM) and control villages (not receiving HMM) to examine the effectiveness of HMM. Key Results: More mothers and guardians were informed about the malaria control activities performed (98% vs. 24%) in intervention than control villages (p < 0.001). Consistent with that result, mothers and guardians in intervention villages sought care for their sick children earlier than mothers in control villages (p < 0.001) and were more likely to obtain treatment from community health workers (CHWs) in their home villages. In contrast, more children were referred for malaria treatment to health posts and health centers from control than intervention villages (p < 0.001). Likewise, more children with complicated malaria were referred for treatment from control villages (p < 0.001), although those conclusions were limited by the small numbers of complicated (severe) malaria cases. Conclusions: These results indicate HMM shortens the time mothers wait before taking their children to receive treatment. Because more children with uncomplicated or complicated malaria are referred for treatment from control than intervention villages, these results indicate that the availability of HMM treatment in the child’s home village reduces morbidity (the risk of severe malarial disease). However, additional studies with larger numbers of subjects will be necessary to determine if HMM reduces mortality. / 1 / Ibrahima SECK

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Linguistics. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 349-379). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ71572.

In recent years there has been a worldwide recognition of the disparity of HIV treatment available in the West and in Sub-Saharan Africa. The West African nation of Senegal was early to implement measures that allowed for the distribution of highly effective anti-HIV therapy known as Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to a limited number of patients. This thesis explores how patients living in Senegal who are infected with HIV have engaged in various negotiations to obtain access to treatment and other resources to meet the needs posed by their infection. These negotiations are framed by various historically embedded notions of how to engage relationships in the search for care. Strategies are also shaped by the biopolitically-laden discourse that guides the distribution of ARV therapy. This thesis traces the structure, evolution, and effects of patients' strategic negotiations in response to the introduction of this therapeutic technology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1978. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 270-284).

Ce travail de recherche se veut une analyse approfondie du système médiatique sénégalais et de ses relations avec le champ politique, particulièrement sous le régime du Président Abdoulaye Wade. Le Sénégal a acquis au fil des années une réputation de pays démocratique, au regard de sa relative stabilité politique, par rapport à ses voisins africains. Cependant, les incidents entre médias et pouvoir politique, dans un contexte où la communication politique connaît un essor important, n’ont jamais autant interpellé les citoyens sénégalais et l’opinion internationale que durant les deux mandats présidentiels de Wade. Il paraît dès lors intéressant de s’interroger sur l’évolution des médias sénégalais, parallèlement à celle de la politique dans un contexte de changements significatifs. L’approche privilégiée dans ce travail est pluridisciplinaire puisqu’il s’appuie aussi bien sur les sciences de l’information et de la communication que sur la science politique et la sociologie interactionniste. En effet, l’objet de la recherche, les médias en l’occurrence, se situe à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines dans lesquelles il faut puiser pour saisir les pratiques, les relations entre les acteurs et les représentations. La méthodologie est centrée sur une démarche qualitative, principalement sur des entretiens semi-directifs, même si l’analyse documentaire et l’observation complètent cette technique. Cette thèse comprend quatre parties et est constituée au total d’une douzaine de chapitres dans lesquels sont traités, outre la construction d’un cadre de référence, l’histoire politico-médiatique du Sénégal avant l’alternance de 2000 et durant les douze années de gouvernement libéral, l’environnement dans lequel évoluent les acteurs politiques et médiatiques, leurs interactions ainsi que la dégradation de leurs rapports, qui mettent en question le bien-fondé de la liberté de la presse dans ce pays, voire de l’image démocratique qu’il véhicule à travers le monde. / This research aims to be a thorough analysis of the Senegalese media system and its relations with the politics, particularly under President Abdoulaye Wade. Over the years, Senegal acquired the reputation to be a democratic country, because of its relative political stability, compared to the neighboring countries. However, in a context where the political communication knows an important development, the incidents between media and politics, have never been more exposed and discussed than under Wade, as well by Senegalese as by the international opinion. It’s thus interesting to wonder about the Senegalese media’s evolution, at the same time as the politics, in a context of significant changes. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is used in this research. It’s based as well on the information and communication sciences as on the political science and interactive sociology. Indeed, this research’s object, the media in this particular case, is situated between several disciplines, in which it’s necessary to lean on to analyze the practices, the relations between the actors and the representations. The chosen methodology is focused on a qualitative approach, mainly on semi-directive interviews, even if it’s completed by documentary analysis and observation. This thesis includes four parts with 12 chapters. The first one explained the reference frame’s choice, and the others analyzed the Senegalese politics-media history, before the presidential elections in 2000 and during twelve years of liberal government, the political and media environment in which operates the different actors, the worsening of their relations. It also aims to analyze various factors which question the legitimacy of press freedom in Senegal, and consequently the democratic image of this country in the eyes of the world.

Orientador: Saul Barisnik Suslick / Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T09:52:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gueye_PapaAmadou_M.pdf: 3072119 bytes, checksum: 94298771b03050e7f9f88fef02122e76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: o sistema de transporte interno de minério é um dos principais aspectos relacionados à produção com baixos custos. Para a jazida fosfática de Tobene com uma reserva lavrável de 50.000.000 de t de P2Os que a ICS prevê o inicio da lavra em 2001, as alternativas de transporte do minério representam um dos aspectos críticos em relação à viabilidade do projeto. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho analisa quatro alternativas preliminares de transporte do minério de fosfato que deve ser extraído e movimentado da mina à usina de beneficiamento: o transporte por caminhões fora de estrada (Tcam), o transporte por mineroduto (Tmin), o transporte por correia transportadora (Tc) e o transporte por cápsulas (Tcap). Os resultados desse estudo mostram que o Tcam cujo dimensionamento para o transporte unicamente do minério prevê 9 caminhões, poderá vigorar em Tobene somente durante a lavra de Tobene-oeste, pois o trajeto dos caminhões é quase equivalente ao atual. O Tmin revela-se com custo menor e mais rentável que o Tc, entretanto, existe a possibilidade de eliminar um ou mais equipamentos que acompanham o Tc, podendo assim tomar seu investimento mais competitivo do que o Tmin. Quanto ao Tcap ele é apresentado como uma alternativa marginal, para referência e comparação para futures estudos / Resumé: Le systême de transport de minerai au niveau des mines est fondamental principalment en relation à Ia eompétitivité. En effet, pour le gisement phosphatique de Tobene, réserve exploitable de 50 000 000 de t de P20S dont les ICS (lndustries Chimiques du Sénégal) prévoient le début des exploitations en 2001, le dispositif de transport du minerai revêt une grande importance en relation à Ia viabilité du projet. Dans ce eontexte, ce travail propose, quatre altematives préliminaires de transport du minerai de phosphate qui doit être extrai et mouvementé de Ia mine à I'usine de traitement de minerai: le transport par camions ("dumpers") (Team), le transport par mineroducte (Tmin), le transport par eonvoyeur (Te) et le transport par capsules (Tcap). Ainsi nous avons pu conelur que le Tcam, dont le dimensionement pour le transport du minerai uniquement prévoit 9 camions, pourra être en vigueur à Tobene seulement durant I'exploitation de Tobene ouest, car le trajet des eamions est presque équivalent à I'aetuel. Le Tmin se révêle moins couteux et plus rentable que le Teonv, cependant il existe Ia possibilité d'éliminer un ou plusieurs equipements qui acompagnent le Teonv pouvant ainsi toumer son investiment moins élevé que celui du Tmin. Quant au Teap il est présenté comme une altemative marginale Qui pourrait servir de base de comparaison / Abstract: The ROM transportation system plays an important role in the low cost mining. In fact for the Tobene phosphate deposit, a 50,000,000 t of P20S exploitable reserve, that ICS will start the explotation in 2001, the ROM transportation method tias a big impact for the project feasibility. This dissertation proposes four transportation alternatives for ROM in the circuit mine-beneficiation plant: the transportation by dampers (Team), the transportation by pipeline (Tmin), the transportation by belt-conveyor (Te) and transportation by capsules (Teap). The main findings of this study indicate that the Tcam with 9 dampers for the ROM transportation, will be operational in Tobene only during the Tobene West exploitation, because the dampers movements are practically the same as used presently in the route. The Tmin is the cheapest alternative and provides more economical benefices than Te. But it is possible to withdraw one or more of Te components from its equipment system, achieving an investment level lower than the Tmin. The Teap is evaluate as a marginal alternative only for costs reference in this work / Mestrado / Mestre em Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais