Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Koros, William; Committee Member: Beckham, Haskell; Committee Member: Eckert, Charles; Committee Member: Henderson, Cliff; Committee Member: Meredith, Carson. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Dr. Martha Gallivan, Committee Member ; Dr. Chris Paredis, Committee Member ; Dr. Janet K. Allen, Committee Member ; Dr. Peter Hesketh, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Farrokh Mistree, Committee Co-Chair.

Orientador: Sergio Persio Ravagnani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T19:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lavezo_AnaElisa_M.pdf: 1136570 bytes, checksum: e8e9754aa79e23bced02a8fa2d543e4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A separação de misturas gasosas é efetuada com o objetivo de obter um ou mais dos constituintes na forma altamente puros. Existem quatro métodos principais aplicados para a separação de gases: absorção, adsorção, destilação criogênia e membranas. A economia do processo determinará qual desses métodos é usado para alguma aplicação particular (Scott, 1995). A era moderna das membranas de separação de gases foi introduzída após 1980, quando as membranas poliméricas se tomaram economicamente viáveis (Robeson, 1999).Atualmente a separação baseada em membranas é utilizada largamente em escala industrial para produção de nitrogênio de alta pureza a partir do ar, tendo importante aplicação na inertização do ambiente para conservação de frutas e vegetais, reatores químicos e produção de NH3, assim como para segurança na operação com líquidos inflamáveis (Spillman, 1989). O objetivo deste trabalho é a otimização do custo total do processo de separação de misturas gasosas multicomponentes utilizando membrana de fibra oca. A otimização foi realizada utilizando o método "Constrained Rosenbrock (Hill AIgorithm)", para obter um produto final com alta qualidade e com um custo total minimizado. Para a otimização do custo total do processo são necessários os seguintes dados fornecidos pelo programa de Caramello (2002): pressão do permeado e da alimentação, taxa de fluxo do lado do alimentado, pureza e recuperação. A equação do custo total utilizada consiste em custo de instalação e custo operacional, ou seja, o custo total é o custo do módulo de permeação, custo de substituição da membrana (assumindo-se a vida útil da membrana a cada 3 anos), custo da energia elétrica e o custo de instalação do compressor.Otimizaram-se primeiramente dois parâmetros, número de cartuchos de membrana de fibra oca (QM) e pressão de alimentação (pt), em seguida fixou-se o número de cartuchos de membrana de fibra oca e foi otimizada a pressão de alimentação verificando se assim para cada análise o custo total otimizado para as seguintes purezas: 85%, 90%, 95% e 99% / Abstract: The separation of gas mixtures is made under the objective of obtaining one or more representatives in the highly pure form. Four methods can be used in gas separation: absorption, adsorption, distillation cryogenics and membranes. The economy of the process will determine which method will be used in a specific application (Scott, 1995). The modem era of gas-separation membrane was introduced in the early 1980s, when polymeric membranes became economically viable. (Robeson, 1999). Nowadays, membranes separation is used wide in industrial scale for the production of nitrogen in a high purity level from the air. This is an essential method for the inertization of the atmosphere air for fruits and vegetables storage, quimicos reactors and production of NH 3, as well as for safety when operating inflammable liquids (Spillman, 1989). The objective of this work is to optimization the cost related to the process of separation of multicomponents gas mixtures using membrane of hollow fiber. The optimization was made using "Constrained Rosenbrock (Hill Algorithm)", in order to obtain a high quality product with a reduced cost. For the process cost optimization the following data supplied for the program of Caramello (2002) is needed: feeding and permeated pressure, flow tax next to the feeder, purity and recovery. The equation of the cost used consists of: installation cost and operational cost. The total cost consists of the permeation module cost, the membrane substitution cost (assuming it useful life of the membrane to each 3 years), the electricity cost and finally the cost of the compressor installation. One first optimized two parameters: amount of membranes (QM) and pressure of feeding (P / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química

This research investigates the effect of feed composition on the separation performance of pure polyethersulfone (PES) and different types of PES based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) in order to develop high performing membranes for CO2/CH4 separation. MMMs were prepared by solvent evaporation method using PES as the polymer matrix with SAPO-34 particles as fillers, and 2-hydroxy 5-methyl aniline (HMA) as the low molecular weight additive. Four types of membranes were used throughout the study, namely pure PES membrane, PES/HMA (4, 10%w/w) membrane, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w) MMM, PES/SAPO-34 (20%w/w)/HMA (4, 10%w/w) MMM. The effect of CO2 composition on the performance of the membranes was investigated in detail with a wide feed composition range changing between 0 and 100%. In addition to separating CO2/CH4 binary gas mixtures, the separation performances of these membranes were determined by measuring single gas permeabilities at 35&ordm / C, with a feed pressure of 3 bar. Moreover, the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The separation selectivities of all types of membranes generally observed to be independent of feed composition. The composition independency of these membranes eliminates the need of investigating at which feed gas composition the prepared membranes are best performing for practical applications. PES/SAPO-34/HMA MMMs with HMA loading of 10% and SAPO-34 loading of 20% demonstrated the highest separation selectivity of about 40, and the ideal selectivity of 44, among the used membranes.