<p>This thesis considers droplet-gas flow by the use of numerical methods and experimental verification. A commercial vane separator was studied, both numerically and by experiment. In addition, some efforts are put into the numerical analysis of cyclones.</p><p>The experimental part contains detailed measurements of the flow field between a pair of vanes in a vane separator and droplet size measurements. LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) was used to measure the velocity in two dimensions and corresponding turbulence quantities. The results from the LDA measurements are considered to be of high quality and are compared to numerical results obtain from a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis. The simulations showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Combinations of different turbulence models; the standard k-ε model and the Reynold Stress Model, different schemes; first order and higher order scheme, and different near wall treatment of the turbulence; the Law of the wall and the Two-Layer Zonal model, were used in the simulations. The Reynolds Stress Model together with a higher order scheme performed rather poorly. The resirculation in parts of the separator was overpredicted in this case. For the other cases the overall predictions are satisfactory.</p>

This thesis considers droplet-gas flow by the use of numerical methods and experimental verification. A commercial vane separator was studied, both numerically and by experiment. In addition, some efforts are put into the numerical analysis of cyclones. The experimental part contains detailed measurements of the flow field between a pair of vanes in a vane separator and droplet size measurements. LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) was used to measure the velocity in two dimensions and corresponding turbulence quantities. The results from the LDA measurements are considered to be of high quality and are compared to numerical results obtain from a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis. The simulations showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Combinations of different turbulence models; the standard k-ε model and the Reynold Stress Model, different schemes; first order and higher order scheme, and different near wall treatment of the turbulence; the Law of the wall and the Two-Layer Zonal model, were used in the simulations. The Reynolds Stress Model together with a higher order scheme performed rather poorly. The resirculation in parts of the separator was overpredicted in this case. For the other cases the overall predictions are satisfactory.

This study characterizes production-line defects in lithium-ion batteries' anode, cathode, and separators. Lithium-ion batteries demand has increased tremendously in the last decades due to their use in various applications, including electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage systems. Therefore, characterizing defects in these batteries is crucial to understand their performance and reliability. This study uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to identify and analyze defects in the battery components. The major critical defects encountered in the study are impurities, contaminations, agglomerates, point defects, line defects, and more. This study helps improve the quality and reliability of lithium-ion batteries by providing guidelines to analyze and address essential deficiencies during the manufacturing process. / Denna studie karakteriserar produktionslinjedefekter i litiumjonbatteriers anod, katod och separatorer. Efterfrågan på litiumjonbatterier har ökat enormt under de senaste decennierna på grund av deras användning i olika applikationer, inklusive elfordon, bärbar elektronik och energilagringssystem. Därför är det avgörande att karakterisera defekter i dessa batterier för att förstå deras prestanda och tillförlitlighet. Denna studie använder svepelektronmikroskopi (SEM) och energidispersiv röntgenspektroskopi (EDS) analys för att identifiera och analysera defekter i batterikomponenterna. De största kritiska defekterna som påträffats i studien är föroreningar, föroreningar, agglomerat, punktdefekter, linjedefekter med mera. Denna studie hjälper till att förbättra kvaliteten och tillförlitligheten hos litiumjonbatterier genom att tillhandahålla riktlinjer för att analysera och åtgärda väsentliga brister under tillverkningsprocessen