Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal

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Final Report to Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park, National Park Service / Cooperative Agreement No. CA 8000-1-0002

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Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) has been identified as a species with considerable potential for plantation forestry in New Zealand. Investment decisions in high value alternate species must be based on accurate wood quality and value predictions. There is an opportunity to extend non-destructive evaluation tools available to redwood growers, and to present the outputs of the growth model by log products and sawn timber. A redwood pruned buttlog sawing simulator has been developed however the simulator had not been tested with real data. Twelve redwood trees from Mangatu estate were selected for a sawing study; these logs were reconstructed and run through the sawing simulator. Computerised log processing was used to produce simulated pruned log sawing outturn from the redwood Buttlog Sawing Simulator, and results were compared to real results from a sawing study. The objective of the study was therefore to determine how well the simulator matched volume and grade out-turn from twelve logs. This study found the many inconsistencies between simulated data and real data; particularly related to log size. While this study was unsuccessful in validation of the redwood sawing simulator, it provides initial insight into the simulators strengths and short comings.

Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniero Forestal / El estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar el ensayo clonal de Sequoia sempervirens, ubicado en Forestal Voipir, región de la Araucanía, a siete años de su establecimiento. El ensayo diseñado en bloques completos al azar, compuesto por 34 tratamientos (clones) de la colección de clones de Kuser, provenientes del condado de Humboldt, Estado de California, Estados Unidos. Para realizar la evaluación se midió Diámetro a la Altura del Pecho (DAP), Diámetro a la Altura de la Base (DAB), Altura (H) y se calculó el Índice de Biomasa (DAP2H). Adicionalmente se realizó calificación basada en apreciación visual de la presencia de daño, excentricidad de fuste, grosor de ramas, presencia de bifurcaciones y rectitud fustal. En esta última, además, se empleó una escala de puntuación, la cual estuvo basada en la magnitud de la desviación más cercana al DAP y al número de curvaturas por cada metro de fuste. Todas estas mediciones se realizaron en el mes de Abril en el año 2009.

The 3-PG physiological/mensurational hybrid model is a useful forest management tool capable of producing accurate growth results across a number of parameterised species. The temperature data used in the model are the average maximum and minimum values for photosynthesis above the compensation point (Landsberg and Sands 2011). There is a minimum temperature below which positive net CO₂ exchange will not occur, a maximum temperature above which it will not occur and an optimum temperature at which it is maximised. These parameters are used in the 3-PG physiological model of forest production. However, a species’ photosynthetic response to short-term variation may differ from one season to another as species acclimate to temperatures over periods of a few weeks. In this study, acclimation responses of four species of eucalypt and Sequoia sempervirens to long-term temperatures were studied over a wide range of short-term temperature changes in order to identify the minimum, optimum and maximum temperatures of CO₂ assimilation for physiological/mensurational hybrid modelling, and also to identify the sites for which the species would be best suited. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a growth chamber experiment was established. Seedlings of four eucalypt species and Sequoia sempervirens were grown at base-line day/night temperatures of 30/16, 22/12 and 10/5ºC in controlled environment chambers for three months and leaf gas exchange measurements were made of the species at seven short-term temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35ºC). The optimum and the maximum temperatures for net photosynthesis increased with an increase in base-line temperature for all species. The highest optimum temperature and net photosynthetic rates recorded were in plants grown at 30/16ºC and the lowest were in those grown at 10/5ºC. The maximum rate of net CO₂ assimilation increased with the temperature at which plants were grown partly because of acclimation in key photosynthetic processes in the Calvin cycle. Responses of maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and also the maximal light-driven electron flux (Jmax) to short-term temperature change varied with base-line temperature for all species studied. Net photosynthesis and photosynthetic parameters measured did not vary significantly with effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and their interaction (p = 0.1468). The ratio of Jmax to Vcmax decreased with increasing leaf temperatures for all species (p < 0.001). These results indicate that the species studied will adapt to long-run changes in temperature, and the parameters obtained from these studies can be used for models that simulate the physiology and growth of the species.

Thesis (D.W.S.)--Institute for Worship Studies, 2005. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-193).