The proliferation of services on the web is leading to the formation of service ecosystems wherein services interact with one another in ways not foreseen during their development or deployment. This means that over its lifetime, a service is likely to be reused across multiple interactions, such that in each of them a different interface is required from it. Implementing, testing, deploying, and maintaining adapters to deal with this multiplicity of required interfaces can be costly and error-prone. The problem is compounded in the case of services that do not follow simple request-response interactions, but instead engage in conversations comprising arbitrary patterns of message exchanges. A key challenge in this setting is service mediation: the act of retrofitting existing services by intercepting, storing, transforming, and (re-)routing messages going into and out of these services so they can interact in ways not originally foreseen. This thesis addresses one aspect of service mediation, namely service interface adaptation. This problem arises when the interface that a service provides does not match the interface that it is expected to provide in a given interaction. Specifically, the thesis focuses on the reconciliation of mismatches between behavioural interfaces, that is, interfaces that capture ordering constraints between message exchanges. We develop three complementary proposals. Firstly, we propose a visual language for specifying adapters for conversational services. The language is based on a an algebra of operators that are composed to define links between provided-required interfaces. These expressions are fed into an execution engine that intercepts, buffers, transforms and forwards messages to enact the adapter specification. Secondly, we endow such adapter specifications with a formal semantics defined in terms of Petri nets. The formal semantics is used to statically check the correctness of adapter specifications. Finally, we propose an alternative approach to service interface adaptation that does not require hard-wired links between provided and required interfaces. This alternative approach is based on the definition of mapping rules between message types, and is embodied in an adaptation machine. The adaptation machine sits between pairs of services and manipulates the exchanged messages according to a repository of mapping rules. The adaptation machine is also able to detect deadlocks and information loss at runtime.

L’ étude de la littérature montre que la sensibilité au contexte est devenue un élément primordial pourla mise en place des services adaptatifs dans les applications interactives pervasives. Le contexten’est plus un modéle préétabli et prédéfini au moment de la conception des systèmes des applicationsinteractives mais plutôt une description dynamique des situations courantes qui peuvent êtredécouvertes dans les données de contexte et qui peuvent changer dynamiquement en fonction deschangements des exigences et des préférences des utilisateurs. Les applications pervasives doiventpouvoir s’exécuter dans différents contextes d’utilisation selon l’environnement de l’utilisateur, sonprofil, le terminal qu’il utilise, sa localisation, . . . Afin de répondre aux différentes exigences d’adaptationaux changements dynamiques des situations contextuelles, nous proposons des m´ecanismespermettant de fournir la trac¸abilitéde contexte sous la forme de Cartes de Visite COntextuelles(CVCO). Ces mécanismes s’appuient sur la technique de Mapping OWL afin de donner des modèlesontologiques de trac¸abilité de contexte. Les différentes ontologies créées pendant ce travail sontintégrées au sein de l’architecture de notre nouvelle plateforme d’adaptation de contexte COALA(COntext Adaptation Platform), afin de permettre l’adaptation automatique des services offerts parles application interactives pervasives. Ces travaux ont été r éalis ´es et appliqu éés dans le cadre d’unethèse en co-tutelle entre la Tunisie et France. / The study of the literature proves that context-awareness has become a key element for the implementationof adaptive services in pervasive interactive applications. In fact, the present work focuseson the context of modeling issues for the adaptation of services provided by the invective pervasiveapplications to the sensitivity of context situations. The context is no longer a pre-established and predefinedtemplate when designing interactive applications systems but rather a dynamic description ofthe common situations that can be discovered in the context data and can dynamically be changedwhen changing user’s requirements and preferences. The systems of pervasive applications must beavailable in different contexts of use according to the user’s environment, the terminal being used, location. . .. The major challenge of these systems accordingly relates to the adaptation of the servicesoffered by interactive applications to the user context. In Order to respond to different requirementsof dynamic adaptation to changes in contextual situations, following the changes in usage patternsas well as the dynamics of the pervasive environment and the heterogeneity of context data sources,we propose mechanisms used to provide the traceability of the context as Virtual contextual Cards(VCOC). These works were carried out and applied as part a PhD under joint supervision betweenTunisia and France.

Les protocoles plug-and-play couplés avec les architectures logicielles rendent nos maisons ubiquitaires. Les équipements domestiques qui supportent ces protocoles peuvent être détectés automatiquement, configurés et invoqués pour une tâche donnée. Actuellement, plusieurs protocoles coexistent dans la maison, mais les interactions entre les dispositifs ne peuvent pas être mises en action à moins que les appareils supportent le même protocole. En plus, les applications qui orchestrent ces dispositifs doivent connaître à l'avance les noms des services et dispositifs. Or, chaque protocole définit un profil standard par type d'appareil. Par conséquent, deux appareils ayant le même type et les mêmes fonctions mais qui supportent un protocole différent publient des interfaces qui sont souvent sémantiquement équivalentes mais syntaxiquement différentes. Ceci limite alors les applications à interagir avec un service similaire. Dans ce travail, nous présentons une méthode qui se base sur l'alignement d'ontologie et la génération automatique de mandataire pour parvenir à une adaptation dynamique de services. / Ubiquitous systems imagined by Mark Weiser are emerging thanks to the development of embedded systems and plug-n-play protocols like the Universal Plug aNd Play (UPnP), the Intelligent Grouping and Resource Sharing (IGRS), the Device Pro le for Web Services (DPWS) and Apple Bonjour. Such protocols follow the service oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm and allow an automatic device and service discovery in a home network. Once devices are connected to the local network, applications deployed for example on a smart phone, a PC or a home gateway, discover the plug-n-play devices and act as control points. The aim of such applications is to orchestrate the interactions between the devices such as lights, TVs and printers, and their corresponding hosted services to accomplish a specific human daily task like printing a document or dimming a light. Devices supporting a plug-n-play protocol announce their hosted services each in its own description format and data content. Even similar devices supporting the same services represent their capabilities in a different representation format and content. Such heterogeneity along with the protocols layers diversity, prevent applications to use any available equivalent device on the network to accomplish a specific task. For instance, a UPnP printing application cannot interacts with an available DPWS printer on the network to print a document. Designing applications to support multiple protocols is time consuming since developers must implement the interaction with each device pro le and its own data description. Additionally, the deployed application must use multiple protocols stacks to interact with the device. More over, application vendors and telecoms operators need to orchestrate devices through a common application layer, independently from the protocol layers and the device description. To accomplish interoperability between plug-n-play devices and applications, we propose a generic approach which consists in automatically generating proxies based on an ontology alignment. The alignment contains the correspondences between two equivalent devices descriptions. Such correspondences actually represent the proxy behaviour which is used to provide interoperability between an application and a plug and play device. For instance, the generated proxy will announce itself on the network as a UPnP standard printer and will control the DPWS printer. Consequently, the UPnP printing application will interact transparently with the generated proxy which adapts and transfers the invocations to the real DPWS printer. We implemented a prototype as a proof of concept that we evaluated on several real UPnP and DPWS equivalent devices.

The diploma thesis deals with the theoretical definition of passive optical networks, furthermore the description of methods of channel bundling in passive optical networks and the coexistence and migration between standards. The main essence of this work is the XG-PON (10-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network) standard. This standard is generally defined along with a description of the physical layer. The transport layer is detailed analysis. There is a description of conditions, under which the Optical Network Unit pass through, when is activated. Additionally, this diploma thesis focuses on the processes of connecting Optical Network Units to the Passive Optical Networks and the timing relationships between Optical Network Units and Optical Line Terminal. The simulations demonstrate that as the number of simultaneous connections to Optical Network Unit increase, longer wait time for each additional connection becomes. This also solves the collision conditions, that might arise in communication and the equalization delay. Finally, the diploma thesis deals with the influence of a refractive index on timing relationships.