É inegável a importância do desenvolvimento de tecnologias de uso racional da madeira e de solução de problemas de transportes em nossas cidades, principalmente por causa do processo crescente de urbanização do mundo. Existe também, a necessidade estética de se unir à alta tecnologia, o belo. As passarelas estaiadas com tabuleiro de madeira laminada protendida, em módulos curvos, atendem a todas estas exigências. A construção de um protótipo permitiu que a realização de ensaios estáticos e dinâmicos, cujos resultados evidenciaram a viabilidade técnica e econômica de passarelas estaiadas usando madeira de reflorestamento, de tabuleiros compostos apenas por placas de madeira laminada protendida e da construção de placas curvas de madeira laminada protendida. Também foi possível comprovar que as vibrações induzidas por pedestres são a condição mais crítica de projeto. A investigação da perda de curvatura do tabuleiro demonstrou o sucesso do projeto, embora mais estudos ao longo do tempo sejam necessários. Baseando-se nos resultados experimentais, realizou-se a calibração do modelo numérico, que permitiu realizar simulações para determinar quais variáveis definem a resposta da passarela construída. Sugestões de procedimentos de elaboração e construção de passarelas, assim como de criação de norma brasileira específica para pontes e passarelas de madeira, são apresentadas. / The ongoing, worldwide, large scale urbanization is stressing more and more the importance of developing new technologies concerned with the rational use of timber and with the solution of transportation problems in cities. There is also an aesthetical need of showing the melting of up-to-date high technology with beauty. The cable-stayed stress laminated timber footbridge, with curved modules meets all these needs. The buildings of a prototype, enable static and dynamic tests to be carried out. The experimental results revealed the technical and economical feasibility of the following items: a) cable stayed footbridges with timber from reforestation, b) decks only made of stress laminated timber, c) curved plates of stress laminated timber. It also revealed that the human induced vibrations leads to the most critical design condition. The loss of deck curvature study indicated the need of further research considering the time effect, to confirm the initial sucess achieved. Based on the results of these testings, the calibration of the numerical model was done. In order to investigate which variables are responsible for the footbridge response, several simulations were performed with the calibrated model. Guidelines for design and building of timber footbridges are presented. The creation of a brazilian code for timber bridges and footbridges is also suggested.

No Brasil, o estudo a respeito das vibrações induzidas por pedestres em passarelas vem sendo realizado a partir do início dos anos 1990, para passarelas de concreto e de aço. No entanto, ainda não há registro de estudos desse tipo e a norma brasileira NBR 7190 (1997) de projeto de estruturas de madeira apresenta somente critérios de dimensionamento para carregamentos estáticos, no caso de passarelas de madeira. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral a análise teórica, numérica e experimental de passarelas de madeira simplesmente apoiadas, com vistas a propor recomendações de projeto relacionadas ao conforto humano nessas estruturas. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de diretrizes normativas e critérios sugeridos por diversos autores, da análise teórica de passarelas dimensionadas segundo os critérios da NBR 7190 (1997), de modelos numéricos construídos em elementos finitos e de ensaios experimentais em modelo reduzido. Entre as conclusões alcançadas, destaca-se que a formulação de Euler-Bernoulli é adequada para o cálculo da primeira frequência natural nas direções transversal vertical e transversal horizontal em passarelas de madeira simplesmente apoiadas; entretanto, especial atenção deve ser dada para a avaliação da rigidez à flexão na direção transversal horizontal. Finalmente, sugeriu-se uma proposta para verificação do estado limite de serviço devido às vibrações induzidas por pedestres em passarelas de madeira simplesmente apoiadas, no tocante ao cálculo de frequências e acelerações, a ser inserida na futura revisão da norma brasileira de projeto de estruturas de madeira. / In Brazil, studies about pedestrian-induced vibrations on footbridges have been carried out since the early 1990s, for concrete and steel footbridges. However, there is no record of such studies and the brazilian standard NBR 7190 (1997) for the design of timber structures only presents design requirements for static loads, in the case of timber footbridges. Therefore, this paper aims to general theoretical analysis, numerical and experimental simply-supported beams timber footbridges, with a view to proposing recommendations for projects related to human comfort in these structures. This study was developed from the study of standards guidelines and criteria suggested by several authors, the theoretical analysis of footbridges design according to the criteria of the NBR 7190 (1997), numerical models using finite element and experimental tests on reduced model. Among the conclusions reached, it is emphasized that the formulation of Euler-Bernoulli is suitable for calculating the first natural frequency in vertical and lateral directions simply-supported beams timber footbridges; however, special attention should be given to the evaluation of lateral bending stiffness. Finally, we have suggested a proposal serviceability limit state verification due to pedestrian-induced vibrations on simply-supported beams timber footbridges, concerning the calculation of frequencies and accelerations to be included in a future review of the brazilian standard for the design of timber structures.

L'avancée de la technologie des PRF a suscité l'intérêt de l'introduction de nouvelles fibres, comme la fibre de basalte, qui a un potentiel d'offrir une solution efficace, lorsqu’utilisée dans les structures en béton, soit sur la résistance à la corrosion, la durabilité et la rentabilité. En outre, les codes et les guides disponibles, ne fournissent pas de recommandations pour l'utilisation de barres en PRFB puisque les recherches passées dans ce domaine sont limitées. Donc, des travaux de recherche sont nécessaires pour caractériser et comprendre le comportement des barres de PRFB dans les éléments en béton armé. En conséquence, les objectifs principaux sont d'évaluer les caractéristiques à court et long terme des barres de PRFB nouvellement développées, ainsi que d'évaluer les performances structurales de ces nouvelles barres comme renforcement interne dans les poutres et les dalles de pont et d'introduire ce nouveau renforcement dans les codes et les guides de dimensionnement. Les tests expérimentaux ont été faits en trois parties. La première partie porte sur le développement de trois nouvelles barres et tendons en PRFB pour déterminer leurs propriétés physiques et mécaniques. Les performances à long terme et de durabilité ont été réalisées en conditionnant les barres de PRFB dans une solution alcaline simulant les conditions humides dans le béton pour déterminer la compatibilité comme renforcement interne dans les éléments en béton. Par la suite, les propriétés ont été déterminées et comparées avec des spécimens non conditionnés (référence). La seconde partie a porté sur sept dalles de pont en béton armé grandeur réelle avec les bords restreints, simulant les tabliers de pont les plus utilisés en Amérique du Nord, pour évaluer la performance des dalles renforcées de PRFB et d'acier. Les dalles mesurent 3000 mm de long × 2500 mm de large × 200 mm d'épaisseur. Les dalles ont été testées jusqu'à la rupture sous une charge concentrée au centre de celles-ci simulant l'empreinte d'une roue d'un camion. Les capacités en poinçonnement sont prédites en utilisant les exigences réglementaires disponibles, et sont comparées aux résultats expérimentaux. La troisième partie de cette étude portait sur les essais de 14 poutres en béton de 3100 mm de long × 200 mm de large × 300 mm de profond pour examiner le comportement en flexion et les performances en service des barres de PRFB avec deux états de surfaces: fini sablé et crénelé. Les poutres ont été testées en flexion en quatre points avec une portée libre de 2700 mm jusqu'à la rupture. Les résultats sont introduits et discutés en terme : du comportement de la fissuration, des flèches, de la capacité en flexion et des modes de ruptures. De plus, le coefficient d'adhérence (kb) des barres de PRFB est déterminé et comparé avec les recommandations des codes et guides actuels. Les résultats sont introduits et discutés en terme : du comportement de la fissuration, des flèches, de la capacité en flexion et des modes de ruptures. De plus, le coefficient d'adhérence des barres de PRFB est déterminé et comparé avec les recommandations des codes et guides actuels. Les résultats de l'étude concluent sur la viables pour la production des barres de PRFB pour respecter les exigences des codes actuelles. Également, les résultats d'essai indiquent que les barres de PRFB ont de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et peuvent être placées dans la même catégorie que les barres de PRFV, soit grade III. De plus, le comportement des poutres et des dalles de pont renforcées de PRFB est similaire que pour un renforcement en PRFV et PRFC et les exigences réglementaires sont applicables pour les barres de PRFB. / Abstract: The advances in fiber-reinforced-polymer (FRP) technology have spurred interest in introducing new fibers, such as basalt FRP (BFRP), which has the potential to offer an efficient solution when implemented in concrete structure, such as corrosion resistant, durable and cost-effective. Furthermore, the available design codes and guides do not provide any recommendations for the use of BFRP bars since fundamental studies and relevant applications are still limited. Therefore, investigations are needed to characterize and understand the behavior of BFRP bars in concrete members. Consequently, the main objectives of this experimental investigation are to evaluate the short- and long-term characteristics of newly developed BFRP bars, as well as evaluate the structural performance of these new bars as internal reinforcement for concrete beams and bridge-deck slabs to introduce these new reinforcing bars to the design codes and guides. The experimental tests were completed through three parts. The first part was conducted on three newly developed BFRP bars and tendons to investigate their physical and mechanical properties. Durability and long-term performance were assessed by conditioning the BFRP bars in an alkaline solution simulating the moist concrete environment to determine their suitability as internal reinforcement for concrete elements. Thereafter, the properties were assessed and compared with the unconditioned (reference) values. The second part of this study was conducted on seven full-scale edge-restrained concrete bridge-deck slabs simulating actual slab-on-girder bridge-deck that is commonly used in North America to evaluate the performance of concrete bridge-deck slabs reinforced with BFRP and steel bars. The deck slabs measured 3000 mm long × 2500 mm wide × 200 mm deep. The slabs were tested up to failure under single concentrated load acting on the center of each slab simulating the footprint of sustained truck wheel load. The punching shear capacities were predicted using the available provisions, and compared with the experimental results. The third part of this study included testing of fourteen concrete beams of 3100 mm long × 200 mm wide × 300 mm deep to investigate the flexural behavior and serviceability performance of sand-coated and ribbed BFRP bars in concrete beams. The beams were tested under four-point bending over a clear span of 2700 mm until failure. The results are introduced and discussed in terms of cracking behavior, deflection, flexure capacity, and failure modes. In addition, the bond-dependent coefficient (kb) of the BFRP bars was determined and compared with the recommendations of the current FRP design codes and guides. The findings of this study concluded the feasibility of producing BFRP bars meet the requirements of the current FRP standards. Also, the test results revealed that the BFRP bars had good mechanical behavior and could be placed in the same category as grade II and grade III GFRP bars. Moreover, the behavior of the concrete bridge-deck slabs and beams reinforced with BFRP bars was quite similar to the counterparts reinforced with glass- and carbon-FRP bars and the available FRP provisions are applicable for BFRP bars. The beam test results yielded an average bond-dependent coefficient (kb) of 0.76±0.03 and 0.83±0.03 for the sand-coated and ribbed BFRP bars, respectively.

Diploma thesis is focused on the design of prestressed concrete membrane from the lightweight concrete. The concrete membrane is in the interaction with the bearing steel structure, which one is supported. I did only one variant of the solution, which was optimized. The goal of the design was determined the initial state of a membrane and ensure to in the end of design working life was the membrane in the compression state and the cracks couldn’t appear. The structure is modelled in the main (longitudinal) direction as a spatial frame in program ANSYS 17.2. This tool enables to perform analysis of the construction stages. The rheology is calculated manually and supplied to the model as relative strain. The whole structure is checked for ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state according to valid Eurocodes. Transverse direction is modelled by shell elements in program RFEM 5.12. Construction stages and global behaviour of the structure were analysed. The checks have been calculated manually and control in program IDEA StatiCa. The attachments of the thesis are drawings, visualisation and schemes of construction stages.

The Master’s thesis is focused on the analysis and design of selected members of load-bearing structure of an apartment house according to the ultimate limit states (ULS) and seviceability limit states (SLS). The calculation and the analysis was supported by design software SCIA ENGINEER 2017. Structural analysis deals with the design of the reinforced concrete floor slab of 1.PP, beams in 1.PP, selected walls in 1.NP and column in 1.PP and 1.NP. Thework beside this deals with the calculation and design of foundation of the object.

The diploma thesis deals with structural solution of the reinforced structures of the polyfunctional building. The structure is designed and assessed for for ultimate limit state in accordance with ČSN EN 1992-1-1: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.

The purpose of the master’s thesis is about a concept of a pedestrian bridge´s bearing construction for pedestrian endorsed wires above a highway R35. The work includes a statical construction calculation of the suspended foot bridge of six spans, which has been chosen from three options. The chosen option is built of a monolithic, pre-stressed concrete board supported by suspenders, which is made by segmental elements above the fast highway. Calculation of a longitudinal direction has been made in an ANSYS application. Assembling status and cross direction of the construction has been modelled at SCIA Engineer. The construction´s recognition has been made manually expect of several towers cross-section, where the judgement has been made at IDEA StatiCa.

The aim of this theis was to design of load-carrying steel structure of shopping mall in two variations. Geometric proposal and examination of structural element was made for both of variations. Then one variant was selected for detailed elaboration of details and drawings.

THE OBJECT OF THE MASTER THESIS IS TO DESIGN OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURE OF PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE SITUATED OVER THE RIVER OF BEROUNKA. THE THESIS CONTAINS STATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE WITH TWO FIELDS, WHICH WAS CALCULATED IN THREE VERSIONS .THE CHOSEN VERSION OF THE BRIDGE CONSIST OF MONOLITIC AND PRECAST CONCRETE BRIDGE DECK, WHICH IS CONSTRAINED USING PRESTRESSED CABELS AND SUPPORTED BY HANGINGS.THE CALCULATIONS OF THE LONGITUDINAL WAS PERFORMED BY COMPUTATIONAL SOFTWARE OF SCIA ENGINEERING 15.1

The aim of this thesis is design of the loadbearing structure of a bridge. Out of two proposed variants was chosen prestressed girder deck of 5 spans. The bridge is built span-by-span in a formwork supported by launching girders. Calculation of load cases is made in software Midas Civil 2021 and Scia Engineer 18.1. The construction is evaluated considering the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. The design and evaluation were made according to valid standards.