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The life experiences of children orphaned on account of HIV and AIDS.Ramsuran, Shamitha Inderlall. January 2009 (has links)
The goal of this study was to explore the experiences of children who were orphaned on account of HIV and AIDS as well as the experiences of their caregivers, thereby improving the knowledge base of practitioners working with children and their caregivers.This qualitative study was designed to answer the following research questions: • What are the experiences of children orphaned on account of HIV and AIDS? • What consequences does the HIV and AIDS pandemic have on children? • How do children cope with AIDS-related loss and grief?
• What are the caregiver’s roles, experiences and perceptions regarding children orphaned on the account of HIV and AIDS?
• What resources and support systems are available to caregivers in fulfilling their roles in relation to children?
The social ecological model provided the theoretical framework for this study. Qualitative data was collected through personal interviews with eleven children and ten caregivers. This was supported by observational visits to the homes of the participants and secondary analysis of case files. The major themes that emerged were the phenomenon of absent fathers and the dominant role that women play. The caregivers had to keep their grief to themselves and more urgent stressors took priority in their lives. Grief was often held in abeyance as the caregivers had to focus on daily survival needs. Poverty overshadowed the lives of all the participants and a large portion of the South African population. Despite this the resilience on the part of the child participants was remarkable. Emanating from these themes, recommendations for social work practice and implications for future research are proposed. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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Developing evaluative strategies for harm reduction programme for street children in Durban : a PAR approach.Makopo, Phumzile. January 2005 (has links)
The research has been part of a larger study on developing evaluative strategies for programmes
on street children in KwaZulu Natal. This study focussed on harm reduction programmes with
reference to violence and crime. The phenomenon of street children has been seen to be caused
by various interactive factors relating to the individual, the family, community and the
society as a whole. The research was guided by a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach
utilizing multiple data sources and multiple focus groups with street children and service
providers. Street children were given the space to talk about their experiences and to identify
indicators of successful programmes. Shelter workers who are child care workers discussed
programmes presented at the shelter and their impact on protecting and preventing children from
exposure to violence and crime. They also discussed indicators of success in their programmes.
Children indicated that successful programmes were characterised by consistency, fairness, non-
discrimination, and that they take into account that street children are children too and that
they can make mistakes. On the other hand child care workers described successful programmes as
contributing to change in the life of a child, through social skills, attitude of the child and
child's ability to be reunited with his family. Programmes, which serve to protect street
children from violence and crime should be monitored and evaluated so as to assess their
effectiveness. Based on the findings of this study recommendations are made regarding the
evaluation of programmes for street children. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
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Women organizing for women : disjunctures in the consumption and provision of health and wellness services for single mothersReid, Colleen 05 1900 (has links)
Current social services provided in Canada for low-income women are primarily 'crisis management' in
nature as they almost exclusively provide safe housing, adequate nutrition or employment training, and
many are under severe financial pressure due to a shifting public policy. As a result, services offered for
single mothers living below the poverty line rarely deal with health promotion in terms of physical
activity, even though it has been demonstrated that socioeconomic status is a key determinant of health
(Frankish, Milligan & Reid, 1996). Although there are many positive mental and physical health benefits
associated with regular physical activity (King 1991), its organizational context remains problematic for
those who live in poverty and are unable or unwilling to conform to dominant expectations inherent with
the consumption of modern forms of physical activity. A moral reasoning tone pervades prescriptions for
maintaining and improving health, and those unable to achieve and maintain good health are considered
individually responsible, thus obscuring organizational and structural factors that limit involvement.
The purpose of this case study of the YWCA was to examine the provision and consumption of health
and wellness services for low-income single mothers. Research questions were posed in four areas: i) what
meanings do low-income single mothers and YWCA service providers associate with the provision of
health and wellness services; ii) how are health and wellness services located within the political, social
and economic context of the YWCA; iii) are there points of disjuncture between the provision and
consumption of health and wellness services for low-income single mothers; and iv) if points of
disjuncture are uncovered, what are the possibilities for emancipatory change in service provision?
Several bodies of literature were reviewed to inform the study: social construction of poverty,
ideologies of health and physical activity, feminist organization theory, and feminist action research
(FAR). FAR is a research process that merges participatory action research with critical feminist theory.
Key principles of feminist action research include: 1) gender as a central piece to emerging explanatory
frameworks (Maguire, 1987); 2) collaboration and negotiation at all stages of the research process between
the researcher, the service providers and the research participants (Green et al., 1995); 3) empowerment
through giving control of the research process and decision making to the research participant, while
deconstructing the power structures associated with social class (Fals-Borda, 1991; Fawcett, 1991); and 4)
social/organizational action and emancipatory change enabled through the democratic production of
knowledge (Green et al., 1995).
The research methodology involved an examination of:
1) The meanings and experiences of eleven low-income single mothers participating in the FOCUS
Pre-employment Training Program which has a wellness component. The data collection strategies
included focus groups; a validation meeting the original participants; observations during group meetings
and program sessions; and informal discussions.
2) The meanings and experiences of five service providers who were either facilitators of FOCUS or
occupied managment positions in the YWCA. The data collection strategies included one-on-one semi-focused
interviews; observations of program meetings, group and informal discussions; and a final meeting
to discuss potential change.
3) Relevant documents, including brochures, pamphlets, reports and promotional flyers to obtain
background and contextual information about the YWCA.
The data was analyzed using inductive analysis and the qualitative software program, Q.S.R. NUD.IST.
The overall finding was that neither the service providers nor the single mothers viewed wellness as a
priority. At the organizational level, the explanation for this finding was that physical activity
opportunities were not valued by the funders, whereas employment training was their primary concern. The
YWCA's upscale health and wellness services, which offered another opportunity for single mothers to
participate, catered on a fee-for-service basis to middle and upper income women and men and pursued a
market-driven ideology towards service provision, thus making low-income single mothers' involvement
less likely. The social, economic and political context in which FOCUS was situated had a profound
influence on the nature of service delivery, and funding constraints were a source of stress for the service
providers and infringed on the nature and scope of the services offered for the single mothers.
Themes related to points of disjuncture included the service providers' attitudes towards the provision of
health and wellness services. Some providers believed that within the confines of the organizational
structure and the FOCUS program guidelines, the physical activity opportunities offered to the women
were sufficient. Conversely, other providers believed that the organization could take a more active and
critical role in determining routes for change and establishing stronger connections between health and
wellness activities and the other components of the FOCUS program. All of the service providers alluded
to the importance of the women's input and the "organic growth" of the program, however the program's
strict curriculum and scarce evaluations resulted in a non-collaborative approach to service delivery.
From the single mothers' persepctives, stereotypes of the lazy and unmotivated "welfare single mother"
inhited their involvement in community life, including organized forms of physical activity (Fraser &
Gordon, 1994; Lord, 1994; Belle, 1990). The women reported experiences with discrimination, a cycle of
poverty, complications with social assistance, social stigmas, and childcare responsibilities as their major
constraints. Three main reasons for the women's lack of participation were their low sense of entitlement
towards physical activity, their ambivalence towards their bodies, and little access to wellness facilities.
However, involvement in health and wellness activities was a low-priority for the FOCUS participants,
though some of the single mothers mentioned the desirability of incorporating more regular activity
sessions into the FOCUS curriculum.
Other tensions arose between the realities and ideals of feminist organizing. Distinctions based on
class, ethnicity and age separated the upper managerial service providers, the on-site facilitators, and the
women accessing the program, perpetuating an elitist, non-collaborative and hierarchical organizationial
structure.
Based on the single mothers and the service providers' suggestions, four major recommendations for
change were provided. First, the participants should be central to and fully collaborative in the
organizational processes of the YWCA. Second, if the women involved in the program value physical
activity, they should determine ways in which it can become a part of their daily reality. Third, for those
involved with the planning and implementation of the FOCUS program, the role of the funders vis a vis
the needs of the participants should be determined, and a consistent and 'women-centered' approach to
service delivery established. Finally, the YWCA's approach to wellness service delivery should be
evaluated and re-conceptualized so that it fulfills and is congruent with the YWCA mission statement.
What remained unexplored by the service providers was the potential for the women to redefine hegemonic
notions of physical activity (Birrell & Richter, 1987) and to be involved in a meaningful and self-expressive
form of activity (Hargreaves, 1990).
By listening to the various perspectives and situating experiences within the organizational, political,
economic and social contexts, this study provided the beginnings of a critial understanding of the tensions
involved in women organizing for women to promote physical activity.
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Žmogiškųjų išteklių vystymas turizmo sektoriuje / Human resources in tourism sectorStarkevičiūtė, Gintarė 29 December 2006 (has links)
Turizmas – vienas prioritetinių sektorių, skatinančių socialinę, kultūrinę, ekonominę
pažangą. Tai atviros šalies įvaizdis, paslaugų sferos plėtojimas, geresnis šalies infrastruktūros
naudojimas, ryšių su kitais ekonomikos sektoriaus stiprėjimas, darbo efektyvumo didinimas, naujų
darbo vietų kūrimas.
Šiuo metu Lietuvoje sparčiai plečiasi turizmo sektorius, didėja turistines paslaugas
teikiančių įmonių skaičius. Todėl kvalifikuotų šios rūšies specialistų poreikis taip pat didėja.
Aštrėjanti konkurencija Lietuvos turizmo sektoriuje, skatina turizmo įmones vis didesnį dėmesį
skirti turizmo rinkos vartotojų poreikių tenkinimui, siekti efektyvesnio turizmo produkto pardavimo.
Kaip ir kitų paslaugų turizmo paslaugų kokybės pagrindiniu veiksniu tampa profesionalūs darbo
ištekliai. Tačiau susiduriama su viena iš problemų – žmogiškųjų išteklių kvalifikacijos trūkumu.
Siekiant efektyviau ruošti turizmo specialistus, Kauno miesto turistinėse įmonėse buvo
atliktas tyrimas, kuriuo norėta išsiaiškinti, kokių žinių, kompetencijų, įgūdžių reikia turizmo srities
darbuotojams. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai tik patvirtina, kad mokymo įstaigos, ruošdamos turizmo
specialistus turi mokyti ne tik profesinės kvalifikacijos. Kartu su teoriniais specialybės dalykais,
daugiau dėmesio būtina skirti kalbų mokymui, mokant bendravimo, reikia ugdyti rimtą požiūrį į
darbą, motyvaciją, atsakingumą, pareigingumą, sąžiningumą, iniciatyvumą, nes būtent šios savybės
nulemia darbuotojo tolimesnes karjeros galimybes... [to full text] / Tourism is one of the sectors of highest priority, stimulating social, cultural, and economic progress. It forms the image of an open country, expands public services, permits to better use the infrastructure of a country, strengthens relations with other sectors of economy, increases the labour effectiveness, and creates new working places.
In today’s Lithuania, the tourism sector is expanding with a great velocity; the number of enterprises giving services for tourists is rapidly increasing. Therefore, the need for specialists with qualifications in this field is increasing as well. The competition in Lithuanian tourism sector is getting more and more strained every day, forcing, thus, tourist companies to pay greater attention to the fulfilment of tourism market users’ demands, to strive for the sell of tourist products in a more effective way. Just like in other fields of economy, the professional human resources show a tendency to play a key role in providing quality tourist services. Nevertheless, one problem still remains – the qualifications of human resources are not sufficient.
In pursuance of the objective to prepare tourism experts, it has been carried out a survey of tourist companies working in Kaunas City. The purpose of this survey was to establish what kind of knowledge, competence, skills are necessary for the people working in the sphere of tourism. The results have demonstrated that schools, which prepare tourism specialists, have to transfer to their... [to full text]
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An outpatient facility for the treatment of HIV/AIDSRushing, R. Mark 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Tourette's Syndrome from a social work perspective : an exploratory studyRybak, Celina January 1995 (has links)
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a chronic movement disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. This report looks at TS through the eyes of three families and two adults diagnosed with the syndrome. The social and psychological reactions and adjustment to the disorder are examined. Three approaches were used to explore the issues: a literature review; field notes and unstructured biographical interviews. Social and psychological reactions include: depression, withdrawal and suicidal ideation. Unresponsiveness on the part of the health care and social service systems contributed to feelings of anger, powerlessness, guilt and shame. The families' and individuals' ability to lobby for services was an important factor in enhancing adjustment. TS is a multi-faceted disorder; it serves as a paradigm for issues and problems that are best served by a multi-disciplinary approach. Services must be coordinated; a case management approach would facilitate efficient coordination and delivery of services.
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The shaping of adolescent psychopathology in the wake of Brazil's new democracy /Pareja Béhague, Dominique January 2004 (has links)
This thesis explores how concepts of "adolescence" and "adolescent psychopathology" have become salient among medical and lay communities in Pelotas, a small town in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil's southernmost state. The concept of adolescence emerged throughout the 20th century in Western Europe and North America from various specialized fields, including evolutionary medicine, psychiatry, and developmental psychology. Within these sub-fields, adolescence came to refer to a transitional phase in the life span, and specifically, to the psychopathologies and psychological opportunities ensuing from what could potentially become a life-altering transformation. In the past two decades, this concept of adolescence has been adopted by a number of global health agencies, who depict the adolescent phase as an opportunity for addressing the underlying causes of multiple psychopathologies and accordingly, for improving the developmental "health" of nations. Concepts and practices relating to the management of adolescent psychopathology readily took hold in Pelotas in the 1990s, not only because local professional communities have been seeped in a psychoanalytic tradition dating back to the early 20th century, but also because of a recent growing community-based health care movement that prompted the expansion of publicly funded mental health services. This expansion widened definitions of "therapy" to include preventive care and social mobilization, and impacted significantly the identity, social role and political inclinations of practitioners. Due to these changes, psychiatrists and psychologists are showing greater interest in adolescent patients and their various common mental disorders, including "aggressiveness," nervos, anxiety, and learning and school achievement problems. Yet several social and class struggles ensue when practitioners, many of whom seek to maintain their psychodynamic models relatively intact, shift the focus of their work f
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Towards a management approach for sustainable social development programmes for orphans in southern Africa : application of systems theory.Dzirikure, Manasa. January 2010 (has links)
The study explored transforming social development project management practice into
delivering sustainable benefits for orphans in Zimbabwe, in particular and more generally, in
southern Africa. The endemic failures to deliver basic services to vulnerable children despite
increased efforts necessitated this enquiry. Applying multiple research methods in
combination, namely, guided story-telling and interviews, document review and media
tracking, and practitioner-experiential-action-research (PEAR), the study confirmed that
orphans in Zimbabwe lived under conditions of extreme deprivation and vulnerability (EDV).
Management of service delivery for orphans was dependent on unpredictable short-term
donor funding, undermined by a hostile ‘adult-world’ and political environment, bad
governance, poverty, and AIDS. Public service delivery and social welfare system in
Zimbabwe had collapsed, marred by corruption. Programmes were not informed by an
accurate understanding of orphans and their desperate carers. Social development intents
were not practiced. The situation was conducive to “corrupting” the otherwise “spiritual” -
responsible, astute and ambitious child. Within such a milieu, traditional project management
designed for ordered situations became inappropriate. Based on new understanding of
orphans and their service delivery milieu derived from research findings, I propose a systems-oriented
project management framework based on “pluralism”, “holism”, “totality” and
“experiential learning”. The framework takes a multi-paradigmatic approach to solving
complex problems of vulnerable children, mixing positivist, interpretive, emancipatory and
postmodern systems ideas. The framework requires a balancing of morality and scientific
empiricism in order to attain sustainable child development. In this regard, the thesis proposes
‘moral capabilities’ and additional project management knowledge suitable to the challenges
of orphans in southern Africa. The systems approach promotes comprehensive delivery of
basic needs of orphans, and continuous improvement of their long term holistic development.
According to the framework, success of projects is measured by accrued benefits from the
perspective of orphans, and not that of service providers. For its application, the framework
adapts the project-spiral cycle, replacing the project life-cycle, recognizing that the needs of
orphans go beyond single short-term project cycles. The spiral cycle builds on the strengths of
conscious-experiential-learning in service delivery, and on dialogue and collective consensus
with poor communities targeted by service delivery management systems. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.
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Factors impacting on good governance : a case study of service delivery in child abuse within the eThekwini Municipal District of KwaZulu-Natal.Maharaj, Dhunkumarie. January 2010 (has links)
Good governance is the only mechanism available to provide for the basic social needs of
communities within a normative and ethical paradigm. Good governance in South Africa
is based on the tenets of the Batho Pele (People First) principles and practices. The
primary aim of this study is to determine the factors impacting on good governance
utilizing a case study of service delivery in child abuse in the eThekwini Municipal District
of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the
Bill of Rights in Chapter 2, provides for the protection of all children from abuse in South
Africa. There have been several policies that were developed to realize this constitutional
commitment. Despite these developments, and South Africa achieving a democratic order
since 1994, the abuse of children continues to occur in the eThekwini Municipal District,
in large numbers as has been revealed in this research study. This research study has
illustrated that the barriers to good governance in the delivery of services to children who
are abused are several. They stem from structural, strategic and operational gaps that are
prevalent and that have an adverse impact on the accessibility and quality of service
delivery to all communities, at the coalface. The researcher is of the believe therefore
that turnarounds to address these challenges of achieving good governance practices in
service delivery in child abuse, will only be met from a wide range of actions involving all
spheres of government at the strategic helm and the various government and nongovernmental
sectors at an operational level.
The processes of governance in the delivery of services in child abuse in the eThekwini
Municipal District is riddled with problems and anomalies that emanate from the barrierladen
structural positioning and the ineffective leadership role of provincial strategic
governance structures in so far as strategic direction in this priority area of child
protection, is concerned. The outcome of any service delivery program through the
processes of good governance, according to current policy mandates, is that beneficiaries
of services achieve sustainable development and this could only be achieved if there is a
holistic services delivered to the client system. This has not happened in service delivery
in child abuse in the eThekwini Municipal District. Services were fragmented and
duplication occurred as the different state sectors responsible for service delivery were in
the main, operating in silos. Governance in service delivery seemed to lack direction due
to the absence of an intersectoral strategic planning process. There was no strategic plan
to inform operations on the ground and which it is proposed, would have facilitated child
protection organizations to acquire separate budgets for resource acquisition, to facilitate
and support efficient, effective, economical and sustainable service delivery. In actual
fact, there were no separate budgets to fund services in child abuse by the different
sectors. There were therefore very limited programs available for services to child abuse
victims. There was no service delivery improvement plan for child protection which is the
priority area within which services in child abuse is provided for. This according to the
National Policy Framework and Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Management of
Child Abuse, (2004), was supposed to be the strategic core function of the Provincial
Department of Social Development. There is a clear indication that this strategic
governance structure has not complied with the mandate of the Public Service
Regulation, 2001 by ensuring that there was a service delivery improvement plan in place
for child abuse services that was well known to service providers for the period of this
study. One can then from this prevailing situation conclude, that the public service
policies and legislation had not been complied with in this regard at a provincial level.
This had led to the lack of leadership that existed in service delivery in child abuse at the
local community level. A consequence of this shortcoming was that each state
department developed its own sectoral operational plans and rendered services
according to these sectoral plans that were geared to meet the sectoral need which in a
manner, entrenched fragmented service delivery and had resulted in victims of child
abuse being exposed to secondary abuse by service providers.
The present constitutional provision is that service delivery in child abuse be managed as
a national and provincial responsibility under the umbrella of child care and protection
services. The Public Works Department is responsible for infrastructure development for
these sectors at the local level. The study has revealed that the biggest challenge to
accessibility of services in rural areas was the lack of basic infrastructure of roads,
electricity, telephones and safe environments, the constitutional responsibility of which is
the core function of local government. The local sphere of governance does not play a
role in ensuring that structural barriers to good governance in service delivery in child
abuse are included in their Intergrated Development Plans (IDP), for the simple reason
that it is not a constitutional functionality of this sphere of government. There is in
practice, no plan in place, to address the structural barriers to improve accessibility of
services in child abuse in rural areas, due to the exclusion of local government structures
in this process. This arrangement is an anomalie which exacerbates the problem of poor
governance in service delivery in child abuse.
The attempts of decentralizing social service delivery was not achieving the purpose of
taking services to the community, as the decentralized service points were still not within
reach of people because of the great distances between communities and service points.
Furthermore, these services only operated in the day and not after hours when it is
presumed that more abuse happens, and the employed members of communities are
able to assist child victims and their support systems to seek help.
The study has revealed that some best practice policies such as the KwaZulu-Natal Multidisciplinary Protocol on Child Abuse and Neglect, has come into disuse in the province.
The best practice model of the Thuthuzela Care Centre, was currently being piloted in two
different hospitals. Communities serviced by the two hospitals running this programme,
benefitted from a multi-disciplinary service provided by intersectoral roleplayers. This
program is led by the National Prosecuting Authority whose aim was to improve the
conviction rate of perpetrators of abuse. It has been established that funding for this
programme was obtained through international donor funding. Two very significant
factors emerged in this research study with regard to policy development in child abuse,
and they are worth noting. The first was a reliance on international donor funding for
policy development by individual government and non-governmental sectors. This has
compelled policy developers then to comply with meeting the requirements of donor
agencies, instead of that of the community. There was a lack of a participative
governance approach through the inclusion of the local communities in these initiatives.
It does appear as though policy development in child abuse service delivery was heavily
influenced by global partners in governance, instead. Secondly, while good governance
policies were developed such as the KwaZulu-Natal Multi-disciplinary Protocol on Child
Abuse and Neglect, its implementation was not supported nor monitored by the
responsible strategic governance structure and this resulted in such policies being
ineffective. The policy review process as well was not fully participative and did not
promote local community input. While politicians have focused on policy development in
response to an externally identified need other than that of the affected community,
there has been no provision for the required resources and strategic leadership for
ensuring coordinated holistic accessible service delivery. Neither has there been provision
for oversight and support services to ensure that implementation happens at a
community level.
While the Department of Social Development is mandated to be the lead department in
matters of child abuse, it seems not to have strongly positioned itself in this regard. This
department assumed a weak position in so far as taking on responsibility for leading and
directing services to children who are abused. There are too many different policies that
are developed by the national department and handed to the province for
implementation in local communities. Some of these policies address a similar aspect of
service except that it comes from a different sector. This has caused a great deal of
confusion on the ground as to which was the relevant policy to implement. There appears
to be a rigorous attempt at policy formulation and development with very little regard to
the support resources such as additional staff, equipment and the required intensity of
training for key personnel. It has led to frustrations felt by intersectoral service providers
at grassroots.
Child abuse is a phenomenon of living and that requires crisis intervention by significant
role-players at a grassroots level when it occurs. The study has revealed that important
sectors who impact on the daily lives of people have been excluded from the governance
processes. These structures are local government, the house of traditional affairs,
business, cultural and religious organizations and the local community. The researcher
proposes the utilization of the Governance Model in public administration which should
be primarily community based and include all local governance structures. It therefore
supports the bottom-up intersectoral approach in its modis operandi. Furthermore,
service delivery should be provided from a one-stop centre under the leadership of a
project manager. The model embraces ethical and normative theoretical practices within
a democratic and developmental paradigm. This model repositions the strategic planning
responsibility to local governance structures and proposes that the provincial structures
assume a monitoring and oversight role which should be participative and which should
include community representation. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2010.
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Defining moments as potential catalysts for development : the case of the UKZN leadership course.Porter, Ginny. January 2009 (has links)
This qualitative case study explores how moments perceived as ‘ defining’ or being a climatic turning point may influence students’ preconceived ideas and viewpoints. Institutions worldwide are becoming cognisant of the importance of preparing students for global leadership roles. In meeting this objective the Student Leadership Development Office introduced students on its leadership course to the topics of leadership and citizenship. The Leadership Course’s structure used an ethical lens to elaborate on elements of citizenship related to knowledge, skills, efficacy, and commitment. The course aimed to imbue students with a sense of stewardship, and commitment to civic involvement. The provision of real-world learning experiences included the use of a culturally responsive form of teaching, by the introduction of the African spiritual concepts of ubuntu and umhlangano. Lessons were further amplified by prior research, feedback, and the use of reflective journals by course participants. Using Mezirow’s (1991) theoretical framework of transformative learning, this study considers how the course facilitates the possibility of catalytic experiences for course participants. This study is particularly interested in determining whether real change is possible via defining moments which may potentially trigger transformative learning. Data gathered from reflective journals and email questionnaires has been coded and analysed for possible themes. Triangulation between sources allowed for greater validity for the findings of the data collected. The study shows how, via transforming experiences, students became aware of preconceived biases and judgements in their internal landscapes. These defining moments contribute to catalysts for development. Case study results suggest that students could develop a broader understanding of the responsibilities of leadership and citizenship by obtaining an overall understanding and appreciation for diversity and being motivated to implement activities that could potentially have a positive bearing on community life. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.
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