This master's thesis is focused to engine control by CAN bus. Theoretical part describes industrial control buses, servo-traction engines and their application. There are mentioned principal and basic parameters of common control buses and their comparison. Each engine type is described in side of construction and control requirements. Practical part of of this paper works on servo-engines in metal cutting machine applications.

In the following report, a study regarding the control of a dancing robot has been conducted. The study covers whether a robot’s movements can be controlled by a recurring and pacing audio signal at a given BPM, and how well it does so. In order to test this for results, five different BPMs have been played six times each in front of a sound sensor module connected to the robot’s microcontroller to perceive the signal. The reading of this signal then adjusts the speed at which the motors rotate. Two test subjects then pressed a button in the mobile app Soundbrenner each time they found the robot to change its movement. The presses of the button then generated a beat of their own which represents the viewer’s perceived BPM of the dancing robot. This is then used to compare the desired BPM with the BPM delivered by the robot. A maximum BPM for the robot to dance to has also been studied by gradually increasing the given BPM until it no longer could use the signal. The results showed that the robot could stick to the given BPM fairly well. The mean difference between the recorded and the desired beat was 4.9 BPM. At 100 and 140 BPM the sound sensor and microcontroller were most successful in reading the beat, while found it most challenging at 120. However, environmental factors such as noise pollution were a heavyweight cause for misreadings. The results where on the other hand near flawless when the signal was isolated and clear. The maximal beat the robot could follow was read to 239 BPM because of the delay used in the microcontroller’s code. / I följande projekt undersöks styrnnigen av en dansande robot och huruvida den kan, och isåfall hur väl, urföra sina rörelser i takt till ett uppspelat BPM, uppfattat av en ljudsensormodul. För att testa detta har fem olika takter spelats upp sex gånger var. När roboten börjat dansa, har två testpersoner fått klicka på en knapp i mobilappen Soundbrenner när de upplever att roboten byter rörelse. Dessa knapptryck har då alstrat en egen takt som i sin tur jämförs med den takt som faktiskt spelades upp. Även ett maximalt BPM som roboten kan dansa till har uppmäts genom en gradvis ökning tills den inte längre erhöll någon signal. Resultaten visade att roboten klarade av att hålla sig i takt någorlunda väl. Det medelvärde som erhölls för differensen mellan det uppmätta och den önskade takten var 4.9 BPM. Vid 100 och 140 BPM var det lättast för ljudsensorn och mikrokontrollern att göra korrekta mätningar, och svårat vid 120BPM. Dock var omgivningsfaktorer som buller en stor orsak till felläsningar. När signalen var tydlig och isolerad nog var resultaten mycket goda. Den högsta takt roboten kunde följa var 239 BPM på grund av den fördröjning som användes i mikrokontrollerns kod.

A geração de energia solar fotovoltaica tem crescido anualmente em utilização. Com o aumento dos custos de geração de energia elétrica, fontes renováveis de energia como essa crescem em interesse, até mesmo em aplicações residenciais de microgeração. Este trabalho apresenta o projeto, construção e ensaios de um rastreador solar autônomo, com controle e aquisição de dados de sensoriamento baseado em sistemas embarcados totalmente projetados e produzidos no país, com o objetivo de se aumentar o ganho de energia elétrica gerada a partir de painéis solares de mercado. O projeto do firmware de controle e os algoritmos utilizados foram adaptados continuamente até se atingir os melhores resultados. Foi utilizado um painel solar comum de mercado para realizar os testes, e as placas de circuito impresso projetadas foram confeccionadas localmente. A tomada de dados em diferentes ensaios mostrou que o rastreamento solar de fato aumentou o ganho de energia elétrica com um painel solar comum de mercado, mesmo com alguns problemas a serem corrigidos em uma próxima pesquisa. Assim, a pesquisa realizada confirmou o ganho de energia elétrica para o painel solar escolhido. / Photovoltaic solar generators have grown annually in use. With the increase in electricity generation costs, renewable sources of energy like that grow in interest, even in residential microgeneration applications. This work presents the design, construction and testing of a standalone solar tracker, with control and acquisition of sensors data based on embedded systems totally designed and produced in the country, aiming to increase the power generated from retail solar panels. The firmware design and used algorithms have been continuously adapted to achieve the best results. It was used a standard solar panel to perform the tests, and the designed printed circuit boards were manufactured locally. The data taken in different tests showed that the solar tracking actually increased the power generated with a standard solar panel, even with some problems in the design that have to be corrected in a future implementation. So the project was validated and can be used, including microgeneration in ordinary houses.

A geração de energia solar fotovoltaica tem crescido anualmente em utilização. Com o aumento dos custos de geração de energia elétrica, fontes renováveis de energia como essa crescem em interesse, até mesmo em aplicações residenciais de microgeração. Este trabalho apresenta o projeto, construção e ensaios de um rastreador solar autônomo, com controle e aquisição de dados de sensoriamento baseado em sistemas embarcados totalmente projetados e produzidos no país, com o objetivo de se aumentar o ganho de energia elétrica gerada a partir de painéis solares de mercado. O projeto do firmware de controle e os algoritmos utilizados foram adaptados continuamente até se atingir os melhores resultados. Foi utilizado um painel solar comum de mercado para realizar os testes, e as placas de circuito impresso projetadas foram confeccionadas localmente. A tomada de dados em diferentes ensaios mostrou que o rastreamento solar de fato aumentou o ganho de energia elétrica com um painel solar comum de mercado, mesmo com alguns problemas a serem corrigidos em uma próxima pesquisa. Assim, a pesquisa realizada confirmou o ganho de energia elétrica para o painel solar escolhido. / Photovoltaic solar generators have grown annually in use. With the increase in electricity generation costs, renewable sources of energy like that grow in interest, even in residential microgeneration applications. This work presents the design, construction and testing of a standalone solar tracker, with control and acquisition of sensors data based on embedded systems totally designed and produced in the country, aiming to increase the power generated from retail solar panels. The firmware design and used algorithms have been continuously adapted to achieve the best results. It was used a standard solar panel to perform the tests, and the designed printed circuit boards were manufactured locally. The data taken in different tests showed that the solar tracking actually increased the power generated with a standard solar panel, even with some problems in the design that have to be corrected in a future implementation. So the project was validated and can be used, including microgeneration in ordinary houses.

This diploma thesis deals with projection and general design of rotary indexing table for dedicated machine tools. The major attention is given to substitution of hydraulic drive table by table driven by servomotor, namely double axis its positions in vertical and horizontal directions. The total configuration of rotary table is solved as a construction kit, user can used any servomotor and additive gearbox. The work is concentrated to the optimization of table construction for this new designed conception. The positioning and fixing of table plate is solved by couple of Hirth couplings with central hydraulic motor. The computational part of work includes calculations of dynamic of rotary motion of the table and hydraulic system. All important screw connection, gear wheels and Hirth couplings were verified by calculations. Also working lifetime of bearings and strength deformation of major constructional sections of rotary table verification were controlled. Inherent part of work is security analysis, economics analysis, patent search and analysis of construction identity. Presented work contains three-dimensional model, drawing documentation of both variants of configurations and production drawing of major section parts of rotary table.

This project explores the possibility to stabilize a hand held serving-tray using a micro-controller, two servomotors and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). It is heavily focused on control theory, specifically using a PID controller. Stabilization of an object using a PID controller have many applications such as drones, camera stabilizers and flight simulators. The report covers the theory necessary to construct a self stabilizing platform and describes involving components in the prototype and how they cooperate. With the gyroscopes and accelerometers involved in the IMU it is possible to determine orientation and rotation of the tray. The construction enables rotation about the x-axis (roll) and y-axis (pitch) but not the z-axis (yaw). The readings from the gyroscopes and the accelerometers are combined and filtered through a complementary filter to estimate the rotations. The servomotors compensate disturbance in keeping the platform horizontal through PID regulation. The PID constants are tuned through tilting the platform at a specific angle and plotting the step response in MATLAB. / Detta projekt utforskar möjligheten att stabilisera en handhållen serveringsbricka med hjälp av en mikrokontroller, två servomotorer och en tröghetssensor (IMU). Projektet lägger mycket fokus på reglerteknik, specifikt att använda en PID-regulator. Stabilisering genom PID-reglering är användbart i många olika produkter, exempelvis drönare, kamerastabiliserare och flygsimulatorer. Rapporten täcker relevant teori för att konstruera en självstabiliserande plattform och beskriver ingående komponenter i prototypen samt hur de samverkar. Med gyroskopen och accelerometrarna som finns i IMU:n är det möjligt att uppskatta position och rotation för ett objekt. Konstruktionen tillåter rotation kring x-axeln (roll) och y-axeln (pitch) men inte zaxeln (yaw). Mätningarna från gyroskopen och accelerometrarna kombineras och filtreras med hjälp av ett s.k. complementary filter för att uppskatta rotationen av objektet. Servomotorerna används i sin tur till att hålla plattan horisontell genom att kompensera störningar från omgivningen. Detta görs genom PID-reglering. Konstanterna i PID-regulatorn är framtagna genom tester där plattformen lutas ett bestämt antal grader och stegsvaret plottas i MATLAB.

Trabalho de investigação desenvolvido na Universidade Regional de Blumenau / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

In this study, the use of modified genetic algorithms (MGA) in the parameterization of the Transmission Mechanisms is facilitated. The new algorithm is proposed from the genetic algorithm with some additional strategies, and yields a faster convergence and a more accurate search. Firstly, this near-optimum search technique, MGA-based ID method, is used to identify the parameters of a system described by an ARMAX model in the presence of white noise and to compare with the LMS (Least mean-squares) method and GA method. Then, this proposed algorithm is applied to the identification of the Transmission Mechanisms of DC motor. The parameters of the friction force and DC motor are estimated in a single identification experiment. It is also shown that this technique is capable of identifying the whole transmission system. Finally, the Minimum Variance Controller (MVC) is taken to track the desired speed trajectory and then a comparison to the conventional digital PID controller is shown. Experiment results are included to demonstrate the excellent performance of the MVC.

Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2008

Techn. University, Diss., 2004--Darmstadt.