Orientadores: Regina Celia Bega dos Santos, Hidelberto de Souza Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T23:23:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iha_MonicaHashimoto_M.pdf: 6722805 bytes, checksum: f8eaafa6846f074471e8c01f703c768d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a territorialidade dos acampamentos organizados pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra no Município de Iaras-SP, a partir da análise crítica do movimento social, buscando a gênese da concentração fundiária e dos sem-terra na formação territorial do País. A partir de 1995 o MST fez a sua primeira ocupação na região, realizando o assentamento Zumbi dos Palmares. Os demaisacampamentos que se instalaram passaram por um longo período de espera, o que causou a saída de muitas pessoas, sendo necessário a criação de estratégias para a sobrevivência. O acampamento afirma a posse da terra em barracas de lona preta e, em alguns casos, realizando pequenos roçados e criação de animais. A organização dos acampamentos pelo MST é mantida por um conjunto de regras e disciplina o que contrasta com os valores e a vida anterior do acampado, o que provoca inúmeras contendas. A situação de acampado revela grande instabilidade, estando sujeito à violência dos grandes proprietários de terra, ao despejo e à estigmatização por ser sem-terra. Este estudo teve como metodologia de trabalho a pesquisa qualitativa, através de técnicas como: pequenas histórias de vida, relatos orais, entrevistas, questionários, observação participante e pesquisa nos arquivos de órgãos do Estado responsáveis pelo processo de reforma agrária (Incra e Itesp) / Abstract: The current study aims to present the territoriality of the camps organinazed by MST Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (Landless Rural Workers Movement) located at Iaras- São Paulo, Brazil, starting from the critical analysis of the social movement, looking for the genesis of the land concentration and of the landless in the territorial formation of the country. From 1995 on, MST begins its occupations. The first one ends up on the settlements Zumbi dos Palmares (government authorized land after the occupation and pressure by MST). The rest of the encamped went through a long waiting period for the authorized release of the land, which caused the departure of many people, and the need for managing surviving strategies. The encamped assert the land¿s possession by setting up black canvas tents, and in some cases establishing small plantations and animal breeding. The organization of the first camps is maintained by a set of rules and discipline, which contrasts with the values and the previous life of the encamped, causing innumerous quarrels. The camped situation reveals great instability. They subjected to violence that comes from landholder, and stigma for being a landless. This study uses as methodology qualitative research, using techniques like: life histories, oral accounts, interviews, questionnaire, participating observation and research at the State institutions that are responsible for the process of Land Reform / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Documentation and formalization of informal settlements ("insitu" i.e. while people continue to live in the settlement) needs appropriate mapping and registration system of real property that can finally lead into integrating an informal city to the formal city. For many years extraction of geospatial data for informal settlement upgrading have been through the use of conventional mapping, which included manual plotting from aerial photographs and the use of classical surveying methods that has proved to be slow because of manual operation, very expensive, and requires well-trained personnel. The use of high-resolution satellite image like QuickBird and GIS tools has recently been gaining popularity to various aspects of urban mapping and planning, thereby opening-up new opportunities for efficient management of rapidly changing environment of informal settlements. This study was based on Manzese informal area in the city of Dar es salaam, Tanzania for which the Ministry of Lands and Human Settlement Development is committed at developing strategic information and decision making tools for upgrading informal areas using digital database, Orthophotos and Quickbird satellite image. A simple prototype approach developed in this study, that is, 'automatic detection and extraction of informal buildings and other urban features', is envisaged to simplify and speedup the process of land cover mapping that can be used by various governmental and private segments in our society. The proposed method, first tests the utility of high resolution QuickBird satellite image to classify the detailed 11 classes of informal buildings and other urban features using different image classification methods like the Box, maximum likelihood and minimum distance classifier, followed by segmentation and finally editing of feature outlines. The overall mapping accuracy achieved for detailed classification of urban land cover was 83%. The output demonstrates the potential application of the proposed approach for urban feature extraction and updating. The study constrains and recommendations for future work are also discussed. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.