In this research, the settling history of a site called Bash&uuml / y&uuml / k will be studied. This site is a village where a group of immigrants settled with the instruction of Ottoman Empire on early 20th century after their immigration from Caucasus. The first part of this study will elaborate the foundation of this site as an Ottoman village with Caucasian settlers in Konya Province / with respect to many settling legislations and other immigrant villages of the era. The second part will be discussing and elaborating the fore coming spatial and social transformations of this village from its foundation through Turkish republic to this day. Finally on the last part of the study, the notions of preservation, restoration and possible future scenarios of this 102 years old village will be discussed.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Ball State University, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 08, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103).

Although there has been a surge of interest in a geographical approach to the study of children, there is a pro-urban bias in much childhood research. Childhood is seemingly assumed to be an entirely metropolitan experience; there is a paucity of research on rural childhoods. Few studies have investigated girls’ use of outdoor environments, particularly those beyond urban settings. The dominance of pro-urban and ‘malestream’ research tends to hide the experiences of girls living in rural areas. This thesis explores difference and diversity in the lifestyles of 10-15 year olds growing up in South Northamptonshire, employing a multi-stranded methodology including: a questionnaire survey of children; in-depth discussion work with girls centred on child-taken photographs and videos, and interviews with mothers. To try to get close to the lifeworlds of young people, wherever possible their voices are included in the text. The study area represents one type of rural experience - that of an affluent, commuter-dependent area. The theoretical constructs of liminality and habitus are used to help make sense of the use and social ownership of space. A series of factors is shown to interact in various ways to produce complex geographies. Contingency effects of gender, age and location create a multitude of rural lifestyles; there is no universal ‘country childhood’. Girls use and value recreational space in a myriad of ways. Young people often have to share their play spaces, and anxiety, tension and conflict between rival groups is commonplace. Girls and their mothers express concern about stranger-danger, gangs and traffic hazards, and this limits the spatial freedom of some girls. Mothers, deeming the private car the only safe form of transport, determine the spaces in which their daughters spend their leisure time. Rather than providing greater spatial freedom, the rural offers parents more control over their children’s use of public space

<p>Istraživanje je fokusirano na ispitivanje uloge centara sela u<br />seoskoj zajednici, razvoj i transformaciju seoskih javnih prostora na<br />području Banata u savremenim granicama Vojvodine, kao i<br />međuzavisnosti tih transformacija centara sela i raznih uticajnih<br />faktora, pre svega društvenih, političkih, kulturoloških, religijskih<br />i ekonomskih. Analiza obuhvata vreme od XVIII do XXI veka, unutar kojeg<br />su definisana četiri perioda u kojima se razmatra transformacija<br />prostora po utvrđenim tematskim pitanjima: mesto u seoskoj strukturi,<br />oblik, način ulivanja ulica, funkcija slobodnog prostora,<br />arhitektonski okvir i prostorni mobilijar javnih prostora sela.</p> / <p>The study is focused on examining the role of village centers in rural<br />communities, the development and transformation of rural public space in<br />Banat region of nowadays Vojvodina, as well as the interdependence of<br />these transformations and various influencing factors: social, political,<br />cultural, religious and economic. The analysis covers the period from 18th to<br />21st century in which four periods were defined, exploring the transformation<br />of the space based on a predefined set of thematic issues: place in the<br />village structure, its shape, the way streets are flowing through the space,<br />function of free space, architectural framework and spatial street furniture in<br />public space of villages.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaxV_DISSERT.pdf: 1333279 bytes, checksum: 3dc785ee0d1ae0b91928157ecca7a99a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / The public policies must have as their aimed the primordial at improving quality of life of families of a given population, however, its performance must be constantly monitored and evaluated scoped to ascertain whether these policies are reaching those goals. This work consisted in search of bibliographies and analysis that addressed the historical evolution of the debate on the subject of agrarian reform in Brazil as public policy and on the policy of technical assistance and rural extension, and collecting data in loco, in order to assess whether the actions implemented under this latter contribute to improvements in local development of settlements projects (PA) land reform in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), this given the constant presented criticisms regarding their effectiveness, considering that it is difficult to empirically differentiate settlements they received of those who did not receive the technical assistance services. In this way, was held the data collection for comparison of characteristics (social organization, relationship with the local environment, form of producing and evaluation of technical assistance services) of two settlements in RN, being one you have received the technical assistance services and another who has not had access to these services in the past five years, at least, to confirm whether those who had access to the above services presents best features of social organization and the relationship with the local environment, mainly, which was confirmed in the results obtained, which still demonstrated that no significant differences on the forma to produce and of commercialization in PA studied. It was also found that the problems faced by families settled in PA studied resemble those seen verified in many other Brazilian states, especially as to how to use natural resources in the areas of land reform and the instability of the availability of technical assistance services. Should be guaranteed at continuity and universality of technical assistance services to settlements, seeking a higher focus on productive issues, which provide the income necessary for families settled can have a better quality of life / As pol?ticas p?blicas devem ter como objetivo primordial a melhoria da qualidade de vida de determinada popula??o, entretanto, sua execu??o deve ser constantemente monitorada e avaliada com escopo de averiguar se essas pol?ticas v?m atingindo os objetivos propostos. O presente trabalho consistiu na busca e an?lise de bibliografias que abordassem a evolu??o hist?rica do debate sobre o tema da reforma agr?ria como pol?tica p?blica no Brasil e sobre a pol?tica de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural, e na coleta de dados in loco, no intuito de avaliar se as a??es implementadas no ?mbito dessa ?ltima contribuem para melhorias no desenvolvimento local de projetos de assentamento (PA) de reforma agr?ria no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), isto dadas ?s constantes cr?ticas apresentadas quanto a sua efetividade, considerando que empiricamente ? dif?cil diferenciar assentamentos que receberam daqueles que n?o receberam os servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica. Dessa forma, realizou-se coleta de dados para compara??o das caracter?sticas (organiza??o social, rela??o com ambiente local, forma de produzir e avalia??o dos servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica) de dois assentamentos no RN, sendo um que tenha recebido os servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica e outro que n?o teve acesso a esses servi?os nos ?ltimos cinco anos, pelo menos, para confirmar se aquele que teve acesso aos citados servi?os apresenta melhores caracter?sticas de organiza??o social e na rela??o com o ambiente local, principalmente, o que foi confirmado nos resultados obtidos, que demonstraram ainda a inexist?ncia de diferen?as significativas quanto ? forma de produzir e de comercializar nos PA estudados. Constatou-se tamb?m que os problemas enfrentados pelas fam?lias assentadas nos PA estudados assemelham-se dos verificados em diversos outros estados brasileiros, especialmente quanto ? forma de utiliza??o dos recursos naturais nas ?reas de reforma agr?ria e da instabilidade da disponibilidade dos servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica. Deve ser garantida a continuidade e universalidade dos servi?os de assist?ncia t?cnica a assentamentos, buscando um foco maior nas quest?es produtivas, que proporcionam a renda necess?ria para que as fam?lias assentadas possam ter uma melhor qualidade de vida

A pesquisa que deu origem a esta dissertação trabalhou com a temática sobre assentamentos rurais. Para isso, foi fundamental apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre a reforma agrária no Brasil e, neste contexto, o surgimento dos projetos de assentamentos rurais no país. Do mesmo modo, apresentou-se o debate sobre as formas de cooperação do trabalho, destacando as diferenças entre os projetos cooperativistas tradicionais e a concepção cooperativa dentro do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra – MST. Após a definição do objeto de pesquisa, que correspondeu às características presentes na relação entre a escolha pela filiação em determinado grupo e as dinâmicas dos processos de organização econômica e social correspondentes, passou-se à elaboração da seguinte pergunta: o que é decisivo para as famílias assentadas no momento de optar por um ou outro projeto, um ou outro arranjo organizativo, e quais são as características das estratégias de organização social e produtiva daí derivadas? Para este fim traçaram-se, principalmente, os seguintes objetivos: (i) entender os aspectos que levaram à gradativa saída de algumas famílias do conjunto da cooperativa e a opção por organizarem-se social e economicamente em lotes individuais, e (ii) relacionado ao anterior, verificar as estratégias e práticas de diversificação social e produtiva de cada grupo e em que medida elas possibilitaram a emergência de processos endógenos de desenvolvimento rural. Privilegiou-se uma metodologia qualitativa de análise, sob a qual fez-se uso da técnica de observação participante e da aplicação de entrevistas junto aos dois grupos. Pôde-se concluir que os motivos que levaram a saída das famílias da cooperativa, expressos no descontentamento com o equivalente econômico pago pelo seu trabalho e com as decisões coletivas, explica-se por elementos presentes na composição do que a literatura clássica denominou de campesinato tradicional. No entanto, a análise da organização social e as estratégias produtivas traçadas por ambos os grupos permitiram identificar a constituição de uma base permanente e de recursos temporários utilizados no processo de produção. Foi possível observar que o uso da força de trabalho, a organização dos espaços produtivos, a quantidade e a qualidade das áreas ocupadas com os cultivos, e as próprias relações internas e externas ao assentamento, potencializaram a existência de algumas práticas endógenas de produção agropecuária. Além disso, verificou-se que a relação dos assentados com os agentes de desenvolvimento rural ocorre, fundamentalmente, através dos serviços prestados pela EMATER e outros agentes públicos que possuem relativa importância pelo trabalho de mediação que realizam, pelo planejamento e pela aplicação de políticas públicas como o PAA. / This dissertation research was carried out with the aim at to discuss rural settlements. Therefore, it was essential to present a theoretical review about this reform in Brazil and, in this context, the emergence of the projects of rural settlements in the country. Similarly, it was presented the debate about ways of work cooperation emphasizing the differences between the traditional cooperative projects and the cooperative conception in the Landless Squatters Movement – MST. After defining the research object, that corresponds to the characteristics that are present in the relationship between the choice for membership of particular group and the dynamics of the processes of economic and social organization concerned, the following question was set: what is decisive for settled families at the time of choosing either project, either organizational arrangement, and what are the characteristics of the strategies of social and productive organization from it derived? In view of that , the following objectives were set: (i) understand the reasons that lead up some families to gradually desist from the cooperative group and the option to organise themselves socially and economically into individual lots and (ii) related to the previous item, check the strategies and practices of social and productive diversification of each group and in which extent they enabled the emergence of endogenous processes of rural development. It was chosen a qualitative methodology of analysis in which a technique of participant observation and the application of interviews with the two groups was used. It was concluded that the reasons for the families desistence from the cooperative, expressed on the dissatisfaction with the economic equivalent paid for his work and the collective decisions, is explained by elements present in the composition of the classical literature called traditional peasantry. However, the analysis of social organization and production strategies outlined by both groups has identified the establishment of a permanent base and temporary resource used in the production process. It was possible to observe that the use of the workforce, the organization of productive space, the quantity and quality of the occupied areas with crops, and their own internal and external relationships to the settlement, contributed for the existence of some endogenous practices of production industry. Moreover, it was found that the relationship of the settlers with the agent sof rural development occurs basically through provided services by EMATER (a state public company in Brazil to implement the state government's agricultural policy and provides technical assistance to farmers) and other public agents that have relative importance on the mediation work, which perform the planning and implementation of public policies such as PAA.

A pesquisa que deu origem a esta dissertação trabalhou com a temática sobre assentamentos rurais. Para isso, foi fundamental apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre a reforma agrária no Brasil e, neste contexto, o surgimento dos projetos de assentamentos rurais no país. Do mesmo modo, apresentou-se o debate sobre as formas de cooperação do trabalho, destacando as diferenças entre os projetos cooperativistas tradicionais e a concepção cooperativa dentro do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra – MST. Após a definição do objeto de pesquisa, que correspondeu às características presentes na relação entre a escolha pela filiação em determinado grupo e as dinâmicas dos processos de organização econômica e social correspondentes, passou-se à elaboração da seguinte pergunta: o que é decisivo para as famílias assentadas no momento de optar por um ou outro projeto, um ou outro arranjo organizativo, e quais são as características das estratégias de organização social e produtiva daí derivadas? Para este fim traçaram-se, principalmente, os seguintes objetivos: (i) entender os aspectos que levaram à gradativa saída de algumas famílias do conjunto da cooperativa e a opção por organizarem-se social e economicamente em lotes individuais, e (ii) relacionado ao anterior, verificar as estratégias e práticas de diversificação social e produtiva de cada grupo e em que medida elas possibilitaram a emergência de processos endógenos de desenvolvimento rural. Privilegiou-se uma metodologia qualitativa de análise, sob a qual fez-se uso da técnica de observação participante e da aplicação de entrevistas junto aos dois grupos. Pôde-se concluir que os motivos que levaram a saída das famílias da cooperativa, expressos no descontentamento com o equivalente econômico pago pelo seu trabalho e com as decisões coletivas, explica-se por elementos presentes na composição do que a literatura clássica denominou de campesinato tradicional. No entanto, a análise da organização social e as estratégias produtivas traçadas por ambos os grupos permitiram identificar a constituição de uma base permanente e de recursos temporários utilizados no processo de produção. Foi possível observar que o uso da força de trabalho, a organização dos espaços produtivos, a quantidade e a qualidade das áreas ocupadas com os cultivos, e as próprias relações internas e externas ao assentamento, potencializaram a existência de algumas práticas endógenas de produção agropecuária. Além disso, verificou-se que a relação dos assentados com os agentes de desenvolvimento rural ocorre, fundamentalmente, através dos serviços prestados pela EMATER e outros agentes públicos que possuem relativa importância pelo trabalho de mediação que realizam, pelo planejamento e pela aplicação de políticas públicas como o PAA. / This dissertation research was carried out with the aim at to discuss rural settlements. Therefore, it was essential to present a theoretical review about this reform in Brazil and, in this context, the emergence of the projects of rural settlements in the country. Similarly, it was presented the debate about ways of work cooperation emphasizing the differences between the traditional cooperative projects and the cooperative conception in the Landless Squatters Movement – MST. After defining the research object, that corresponds to the characteristics that are present in the relationship between the choice for membership of particular group and the dynamics of the processes of economic and social organization concerned, the following question was set: what is decisive for settled families at the time of choosing either project, either organizational arrangement, and what are the characteristics of the strategies of social and productive organization from it derived? In view of that , the following objectives were set: (i) understand the reasons that lead up some families to gradually desist from the cooperative group and the option to organise themselves socially and economically into individual lots and (ii) related to the previous item, check the strategies and practices of social and productive diversification of each group and in which extent they enabled the emergence of endogenous processes of rural development. It was chosen a qualitative methodology of analysis in which a technique of participant observation and the application of interviews with the two groups was used. It was concluded that the reasons for the families desistence from the cooperative, expressed on the dissatisfaction with the economic equivalent paid for his work and the collective decisions, is explained by elements present in the composition of the classical literature called traditional peasantry. However, the analysis of social organization and production strategies outlined by both groups has identified the establishment of a permanent base and temporary resource used in the production process. It was possible to observe that the use of the workforce, the organization of productive space, the quantity and quality of the occupied areas with crops, and their own internal and external relationships to the settlement, contributed for the existence of some endogenous practices of production industry. Moreover, it was found that the relationship of the settlers with the agent sof rural development occurs basically through provided services by EMATER (a state public company in Brazil to implement the state government's agricultural policy and provides technical assistance to farmers) and other public agents that have relative importance on the mediation work, which perform the planning and implementation of public policies such as PAA.

A pesquisa que deu origem a esta dissertação trabalhou com a temática sobre assentamentos rurais. Para isso, foi fundamental apresentar uma revisão teórica sobre a reforma agrária no Brasil e, neste contexto, o surgimento dos projetos de assentamentos rurais no país. Do mesmo modo, apresentou-se o debate sobre as formas de cooperação do trabalho, destacando as diferenças entre os projetos cooperativistas tradicionais e a concepção cooperativa dentro do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra – MST. Após a definição do objeto de pesquisa, que correspondeu às características presentes na relação entre a escolha pela filiação em determinado grupo e as dinâmicas dos processos de organização econômica e social correspondentes, passou-se à elaboração da seguinte pergunta: o que é decisivo para as famílias assentadas no momento de optar por um ou outro projeto, um ou outro arranjo organizativo, e quais são as características das estratégias de organização social e produtiva daí derivadas? Para este fim traçaram-se, principalmente, os seguintes objetivos: (i) entender os aspectos que levaram à gradativa saída de algumas famílias do conjunto da cooperativa e a opção por organizarem-se social e economicamente em lotes individuais, e (ii) relacionado ao anterior, verificar as estratégias e práticas de diversificação social e produtiva de cada grupo e em que medida elas possibilitaram a emergência de processos endógenos de desenvolvimento rural. Privilegiou-se uma metodologia qualitativa de análise, sob a qual fez-se uso da técnica de observação participante e da aplicação de entrevistas junto aos dois grupos. Pôde-se concluir que os motivos que levaram a saída das famílias da cooperativa, expressos no descontentamento com o equivalente econômico pago pelo seu trabalho e com as decisões coletivas, explica-se por elementos presentes na composição do que a literatura clássica denominou de campesinato tradicional. No entanto, a análise da organização social e as estratégias produtivas traçadas por ambos os grupos permitiram identificar a constituição de uma base permanente e de recursos temporários utilizados no processo de produção. Foi possível observar que o uso da força de trabalho, a organização dos espaços produtivos, a quantidade e a qualidade das áreas ocupadas com os cultivos, e as próprias relações internas e externas ao assentamento, potencializaram a existência de algumas práticas endógenas de produção agropecuária. Além disso, verificou-se que a relação dos assentados com os agentes de desenvolvimento rural ocorre, fundamentalmente, através dos serviços prestados pela EMATER e outros agentes públicos que possuem relativa importância pelo trabalho de mediação que realizam, pelo planejamento e pela aplicação de políticas públicas como o PAA. / This dissertation research was carried out with the aim at to discuss rural settlements. Therefore, it was essential to present a theoretical review about this reform in Brazil and, in this context, the emergence of the projects of rural settlements in the country. Similarly, it was presented the debate about ways of work cooperation emphasizing the differences between the traditional cooperative projects and the cooperative conception in the Landless Squatters Movement – MST. After defining the research object, that corresponds to the characteristics that are present in the relationship between the choice for membership of particular group and the dynamics of the processes of economic and social organization concerned, the following question was set: what is decisive for settled families at the time of choosing either project, either organizational arrangement, and what are the characteristics of the strategies of social and productive organization from it derived? In view of that , the following objectives were set: (i) understand the reasons that lead up some families to gradually desist from the cooperative group and the option to organise themselves socially and economically into individual lots and (ii) related to the previous item, check the strategies and practices of social and productive diversification of each group and in which extent they enabled the emergence of endogenous processes of rural development. It was chosen a qualitative methodology of analysis in which a technique of participant observation and the application of interviews with the two groups was used. It was concluded that the reasons for the families desistence from the cooperative, expressed on the dissatisfaction with the economic equivalent paid for his work and the collective decisions, is explained by elements present in the composition of the classical literature called traditional peasantry. However, the analysis of social organization and production strategies outlined by both groups has identified the establishment of a permanent base and temporary resource used in the production process. It was possible to observe that the use of the workforce, the organization of productive space, the quantity and quality of the occupied areas with crops, and their own internal and external relationships to the settlement, contributed for the existence of some endogenous practices of production industry. Moreover, it was found that the relationship of the settlers with the agent sof rural development occurs basically through provided services by EMATER (a state public company in Brazil to implement the state government's agricultural policy and provides technical assistance to farmers) and other public agents that have relative importance on the mediation work, which perform the planning and implementation of public policies such as PAA.