The goal of this thesis is to map children users' theoretical knowledge of risks of the Internet. It deals with problems of cyberbullying, cyberstalking, sexting and cybergrooming in the youngest city of the Czech Republic, in Milovice. It describes the dangerous behaviour patterns that the children at the age of 11-15 years (i.e. the second stage of elementary schools) in that city are confronted with and that they tend to follow-up. The research shows how they perceive risks of the Internet and how much they trust strange people online. It finds out whether the children make relations with strangers and whether they meet them in real world, where they would look for help if needed and whether they are familiar with some projects focused on the Internet safety. The definition of risk factors of the new media and specification of child users are crucial for the thesis. The thesis also briefly describes Czech legislation connected with risks of cyberspace and outlines the profiles of the aggressors and their victims. It shows possible after-effects of cyber criminality on the real examples. It introduces various tools, projects and children and parents approaches that help them with the prevention and minimization of risks. The empiric part of the thesis is solved by quantitative method. In...

Submitted by KAUAN GALVÃO MORÃO null (kauangm@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-10T02:22:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA_MESTRADO_KAUAN_MORAO.pdf: 2335510 bytes, checksum: e5d37a6fc0fa57f913def34cefe2881f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-15T19:23:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 morao_kg_me_rcla.pdf: 2335510 bytes, checksum: e5d37a6fc0fa57f913def34cefe2881f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-15T19:23:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 morao_kg_me_rcla.pdf: 2335510 bytes, checksum: e5d37a6fc0fa57f913def34cefe2881f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Devido à potencialização da utilização das novas mídias sociais e digitais nem sempre os usuários imaginam as proporções que as postagens na rede podem tomar. Sendo assim, novos perigos emergiram, como o sexting, que é um fenômeno resultante do envio/compartilhamento de textos, fotos e vídeos com conteúdos provocativos, íntimos e/ou pornográficos. Desta forma, como jovens atletas estão submersos no mundo das tecnologias, muitas vezes são autores e/ou vítimas de crimes virtuais, expondo a privacidade e conteúdos próprios ou de outras pessoas. Somado a isso, ressaltamos que o ambiente universitário engloba indivíduos que pertencem a faixa etária que está enquadrada como uma das maiores vítimas de sexting. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa possui o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de sexting entre atletas universitários, buscando traçar o perfil dos envolvidos com esse fenômeno (particularmente, autores e vítimas), além de levantar questões gerais a respeito do sexting no contexto esportivo universitário. A pesquisa possui caráter quantitativo, de natureza descritiva, utilizando como instrumento um questionário online (com questões fechadas), contando com o auxílio da netnografia na coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por 202 atletas universitários brasileiros. A análise dos dados foi feita com o auxílio de recursos computacionais, particularmente, a planilha eletrônica e o aplicativo Weka – este último é uma implementação de vários algoritmos da área de mineração de dados. O uso do Weka facilitou e agilizou várias das etapas do processo de análise. As análises permitiram a constatação de que o sexting está presente entre atletas universitários, sendo que, de acordo com a amostra, os homens seriam os principais autores desse fenômeno, somado ao fato de ingerirem bebidas alcoólicas. Além disso, alguns autores apresentam características semelhantes, pois estes se consideram, por exemplo, extrovertidos, bem-humorados e simpáticos. Quanto às vítimas de sexting, constatamos que as pessoas enquadradas nessa categoria, de acordo com nossa amostra, seriam indivíduos que ingerem bebidas alcoólicas e, com leve prevalência em serem do sexo masculino, apresentam similaridade em determinadas características, como as citadas para os autores. Outro ponto que merece destaque é que a maior parte da amostra enxerga o sexting como uma brincadeira. No entanto, estes mesmos indivíduos demonstram consciência acerca dos danos que esse fenômeno pode gerar nas diversas relações no contexto esportivo, inclusive quanto à possível influência negativa sobre o rendimento dos atletas. Assim, nota-se a importância de estratégias de intervenção referentes aos crimes virtuais, buscando evitar novos casos ou, pelo menos, minimizar seus efeitos, além da necessidade dos indivíduos refletirem acerca dos desdobramentos que uma ação de sexting pode gerar aos envolvidos com o fenômeno. / Owing to the maximization of new social and digital media’s use, individuals hardly ever imagine the proportions that their posts on the network can reach. Thus, new dangers have emerged, like sexting, a phenomenon come from the sending and sharing texts, photos and videos with provocative, intimate or pornographic content. Thus, as young athletes are immersed in the world’s technologies, they are often victims of cybercrimes and overexposure of privacy. In addition, we emphasize that the university’s atmosphere includes individuals who belong to the age group that is considered one of the biggest sexting victims. Besides, this research aims to verify the occurrence of sexting among university athletes, trying to describe the profile of those involved with this phenomenon (particularly authors and victims), and raise general questions about sexting in university sports context. The research has a quantitative approach, descriptive type, using an online questionnaire (with closed questions) as a tool, with the support of netnography in data collection. The sample is composed by 202 Brazilian college athletes. Data analysis was done with the aid of computer resources, particularly, the spreadsheet and Weka application - the latter is an implementation of various algorithms of the data mining area. The use of Weka facilitated and streamlined several steps in the analysis process. The analysis allowed to conclude that sexting is present among university athletes and, according to the sample, men would be the main authors of this phenomenon, added to the fact they consume alcoholic drinks. In addition, some authors have similar characteristics, because they consider themselves, for example, extroverted, humorous and sympathetic. Regarding the victims of sexting, we found that people in this category, according to our sample, would be individuals who consume alcoholic drinks and, with a slight prevalence in being male, present similarity in certain characteristics, such as those cited for the authors. Another point highlighted is that most of the sample thinks sexting as a joke. However, the same individuals demonstrate knowledge about the damages that this phenomenon can generate in various relations within the sporting context, including about the possible negative influence on the athletes performance. Thus, we note the importance of intervention strategies regarding virtual crimes, seeking to avoid new cases or at least minimize their effects, in addition on the consequences that an action of sexting can generate to those involved with the phenomenon.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teenagers’ use of mobile Internet devices and their involvement in risky digital behaviors, including problematic Internet use, exposure to pornography, and participation in sexting. A crosssectional correlational design using a sample (N = 97) of teens aged 13-18 was used. Linear regression analyses revealed that teens using smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were most likely to receive sexting requests, while teens using computers to access the Internet were most likely to intentionally view pornography. Additionally, teens who used multiple mobile devices to connect to the Internet and teens who had owned at least one mobile Internet device for longer periods of time were most likely to have higher levels of problematic Internet use. Contextual factors such as age, gender, family structure, religious commitment, attachment to parents, and parental monitoring of online activities were also examined to determine their relationship to the aforementioned outcomes. Consistent with adolescent developmental trajectories, older teens reported higher rates of pornography exposure and sexting requests, and indicated a greater willingness to participate in sexting. However, younger teens who used smartphones as their primary source of Internet access were just as likely as older teens to have received requests to sext. Males had higher rates of pornography exposure and were more willing than females to send sexual messages to their significant other. Females, on other hand, were asked to sext more frequently. Teens with high levels of religious commitment had the lowest levels of pornography exposure and participation in sexting. Among the parental variables examined, teens’ attachment to their parents was most significantly related to the studies’ outcomes. Strongly attached teens had lower levels of problematic Internet use, pornography exposure, and participation in sexting than their peers who were not as strongly attached to their parents.

An increased exposure to the sexual content of traditional mass media (i.e., television, magazines, movies, music) affects real life sexual behaviors among adolescents. Engaging in online risk behaviors such as sharing/posting sexual content using social networking sites, cellphones, smartphones, IPads, or other new media devices has become common among adolescents. The purpose of this quantitative, correlation study, based upon the theory of reasoned action and three pre-existing national surveys, was to determine whether significant associations exist between attitudes, intentions, and behaviors related to online risk behaviors and real life sexual behaviors among African American female adolescents in Metro Atlanta. Data were collected from 111 African American female adolescents residing in the Metro Atlanta. Statistical analyses included the Pearson r correlation, phi coefficient correlation, and logistic regression tests. According to study results, there were no significant relationships between attitudes and behaviors concerning online risk behaviors and real life sexual behaviors, age and attitudes of online risk behaviors, or relationship status and online risk behaviors. However, a significant relationship was found between age and engaging in online risk behavior. The positive social change implications include further insight for those working in the area of adolescent sexual health prevention and promotion. The findings can be used to better understand the impact of online risk behaviors on adolescent sexual health and how new media platforms can be effectively used to tailor prevention programs and campaigns.

The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors (i.e. sending, posting, or sharing/forwarding sexually suggestive messages, nude/semi-nude pictures/videos, or both) among selected undergraduate students and also to determine relationships among attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, self-esteem levels, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Results of this study showed statistically significant differences in sexting behaviors among demographic variables gender, current relationship status, lifetime sexual partners and current sexual partners. Nearly 700 (n=697) surveys were completed from selected undergraduate students during the spring semester of 2011. According to the findings, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, sexting behavioral intentions, and sexting behaviors. Also, attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions were found to predict lifetime sexting behaviors, with behavioral intentions as the strongest predictor sexting behaviors. For non-sexters, there was statistically significant positive relationship between attitudes toward sexting, subjective norms toward sexting, and sexting behavioral intentions. Attitudes and subjective norms toward sexting are both found to be predictors of behavioral intentions to sext for lifetime and current non-sexters, with attitudes toward sexting being the strongest predictor of sexting behavioral intentions. Future research on sexting should go even further in depth to help explain reasons for sexting as well as reasons for not sexting. Also, future research should explore the benefits of sexting among consensual adults, paying particular attention to how sexting is used for sexual communication and sexual assertiveness. Recommendations for the profession of health education and health educators focused on preventing negative consequences of underage sexting, and promoting the benefits of sexting among consenting adults in relationships with mutual respect for each other.

Orientador: Carlos Norberto Fischer / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Flávio Rebustini / Resumo: Devido à potencialização da utilização das novas mídias sociais e digitais nem sempre os usuários imaginam as proporções que as postagens na rede podem tomar. Sendo assim, novos perigos emergiram, como o sexting, que é um fenômeno resultante do envio/compartilhamento de textos, fotos e vídeos com conteúdos provocativos, íntimos e/ou pornográficos. Desta forma, como jovens atletas estão submersos no mundo das tecnologias, muitas vezes são autores e/ou vítimas de crimes virtuais, expondo a privacidade e conteúdos próprios ou de outras pessoas. Somado a isso, ressaltamos que o ambiente universitário engloba indivíduos que pertencem a faixa etária que está enquadrada como uma das maiores vítimas de sexting. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa possui o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de sexting entre atletas universitários, buscando traçar o perfil dos envolvidos com esse fenômeno (particularmente, autores e vítimas), além de levantar questões gerais a respeito do sexting no contexto esportivo universitário. A pesquisa possui caráter quantitativo, de natureza descritiva, utilizando como instrumento um questionário online (com questões fechadas), contando com o auxílio da netnografia na coleta de dados. A amostra foi composta por 202 atletas universitários brasileiros. A análise dos dados foi feita com o auxílio de recursos computacionais, particularmente, a planilha eletrônica e o aplicativo Weka - este último é uma implementação de vários algoritmos da área de mineração de dados. O uso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Owing to the maximization of new social and digital media's use, individuals hardly ever imagine the proportions that their posts on the network can reach. Thus, new dangers have emerged, like sexting, a phenomenon come from the sending and sharing texts, photos and videos with provocative, intimate or pornographic content. Thus, as young athletes are immersed in the world's technologies, they are often victims of cybercrimes and overexposure of privacy. In addition, we emphasize that the university's atmosphere includes individuals who belong to the age group that is considered one of the biggest sexting victims. Besides, this research aims to verify the occurrence of sexting among university athletes, trying to describe the profile of those involved with this phenomenon (particularly authors and victims), and raise general questions about sexting in university sports context. The research has a quantitative approach, descriptive type, using an online questionnaire (with closed questions) as a tool, with the support of netnography in data collection. The sample is composed by 202 Brazilian college athletes. Data analysis was done with the aid of computer resources, particularly, the spreadsheet and Weka application - the latter is an implementation of various algorithms of the data mining area. The use of Weka facilitated and streamlined several steps in the analysis process. The analysis allowed to conclude that sexting is present among university athletes and, according to the sample, men would be the main authors of this phenomenon, added to the fact they consume alcoholic drinks. In addition, some authors have similar characteristics, because they consider themselves, for example, extroverted, humorous and sympathetic. Regarding the victims of sexting, we found that people in this category, according to our sample, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explores the different ways in which labour migrants in contemporary South Africa make use of cell phones in their daily lives to maintain their love relationships. I start by tracing the history of labour migration and show how the gradual change of migration has played a role in the assertion of labour migrants in their communities in Cape Town. I look specifically into the use of cell phone by Setswana and Sesotho speaking migrants in Delft, Thornton, Brackenfell and Gugulethu. While the focus of the research is on the role of cell phones in maintaining love relationships between migrants and the partners they left behind ‘at home’, I also show how the negotiation of the cell phone in the social lives of migrants helps build wider social networks. The value of the functions of the cell phone through employed communication patterns that encourage social relations and interactions are also the focus of this thesis.

Sextortion is a phenomenon that has made an impact on the digital technology domain. Sexting is a transmission of sensual messages or performances, provocation, and schemes exhibited through an array of sexual behaviors. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the psychological effects experienced of sextortion and to uncover the willingness to seek help and report the incident to authorities. Arnett's emerging adulthood theory provided the framework for this study. The sample consisted of N = 27 responders between 18-24 years of age who have engaged in sexting behaviors and may or may not have experienced sextortion. Simple and multiple regressions were performed using convenience samples to test predictor variables, emotional distress, self-esteem, general help-seeking, reasons for calling the police, disclosure expectations, and self-stigma to seek help and outcome variable, sextortion. Statistically significant correlations existed among variables. Overall, the results displayed insignificant effects of the predictor variables on the outcome variable. The effect of sextortion on the difference in the level of emotional distress revealed no significance, F(1, 25) = 1.96, p = .174. The effect of sextortion on self-esteem exhibited no significance, F(1, 25) = .054, p = .818. The effects of sextortion on general help-seeking, reasons for calling the police, disclosure expectations, and self-stigma to seek help collectively uncovered no significance, F(1, 25) = 3.105, p =.109. The sample size used based on the respective predictor variable, presented challenges to achieve significance at acceptable levels. This study provided a foundation for the implementation of mental health services, prevention programs, and support for those who were found to have experienced sextortion.

While some research has been done on the influence of music lyrics on sexual behaviors in general, none has explored the lyrical influence on sexting. The goal of the current study is to explore the longitudinal influence of sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on adolescent sexting behaviors. Participants were 125 14-year-old adolescents who were recruited from high schools in Texas. Participants completed questionnaires on music preferences, sexual behaviors and impulsivity and were given BlackBerry devices through which frequency of sexual text message utterances was obtained. Music preferences were then quantitatively analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of both sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on sexting behavior. Additionally, biological sex and impulsivity were explored as moderators. Analyses revealed that 40.65% of adolescents participated in some form of sexting at Time 3 (42.81% at Time 1) but that music lyrics had little direct influence on sexting. However, biological sex appeared to moderate the relationship between sexual lyrics and sexting such that males were much more likely to participate in sexting when exposed to sexual lyrics where females were not. These and other results are discussed as well as implications for parents and the need for further research on sexting and the behavioral influence of musical lyrics.

As social technologies become more integrated into students’ lives, new means of communication have emerged, along with novel problem behaviors with significant consequences for students’ well-being. One of these is the sending of sexualized images via cell phone, referred to as “sexting”. An understanding of how and why some students choose to sext is important for schools to appropriately prepare for sexting-related incidents. This study explored some of the personal and environmental correlates of the behavior, including gender, thrill-seeking, impulsivity, perceived school experience, and related attitudes about the normalcy and risk of the behavior. Participants were college undergraduates from a large urban university, retrospectively reporting about their high school experience. Results indicated that the majority of students did not send sexts in high school. However, of those who did, students who sexted exclusively with romantic partners had significantly more positive engagement in school. Students with lower feelings of connectedness, academic motivation, and social belonging in high school tended to sext in riskier ways. Additionally, recent high school graduates were asked if and how schools should effectively educate students about the risks of sexting. These perspectives were assessed through survey questions and a focus group discussion session. Results suggested that students do recognize the potential consequences of the behavior, regardless of what teachers tell them. They feel that, rather than using “scare tactics”, school personnel should try to understand the social and relational context in which the behavior occurs. Limitations of this research are discussed, along with implications and recommendation for practice and future research. / School Psychology