The current study examined the psychological consequences of trait and state self objectification. This study had three main objectives: to examine the relation between trait self objectification and various eating pathologies; to examine the degree of state self objectification (induced by three different conditions) and the impact of condition on affect and sense of self; and finally, to examine the effect of condition on interactions with the opposite sex. The pilot study was used to select thin, thin sexually objectifying and average/plus size non-sexually objectifying images. Using a quasi-experimental research design with an elaborate cover story, the main study exposed one hundred seventy women to one of three conditions (thin non sexually objectifying, thin sexually objectifying or plus size non-sexually objectifying images) and measured negative affect and body image. Following viewing images, participants interacted with a male confederate for five minutes and their reported comfort level and flirting with the confederate were assessed. Results indicated that trait self objectification was associated with disordered eating symptomatology. However, the manipulation check revealed that the experimental condition did not produce varying degrees of sexual objectification. Nonetheless, results indicate an effect of condition on body dissatisfaction, in which individuals who viewed thin images reported more body dissatisfaction than participants in the above average/plus size group. In regards to the social interaction, individuals in the non-sexually objectified group reported more flirting than individuals in the sexually objectified group. Implications for clinical work and future research are discussed.

Often, a sexually abused child’s disclosure is the only evidence of the abuse. However, most victims do not disclose until adulthood, if ever. This study explores situational correlates of child sexual abuse disclosure. An archival data set comprised of 1120 cases of child sexual abuse was analyzed. Questions asked include whether or not any variable differentiates between the type of disclosure a child makes, the identity of the recipient of the disclosure, whether or not a child will recant, and if a child does recant, in what timeframe this occurs. Variables included victim characteristics (gender, ethnicity, age, family income) and abuse characteristics (relationship to the perpetrator, nature of the abuse, threat involved, frequency of abuse, and duration of abuse.) T-tests, chi-square analyses, and log linear modeling were used in the analysis of the data. Although statistical limitations were an issue, age and threat were found to be influential in the disclosure process.

An understanding of both sexual activity and sexual abstinence among young people is crucial in preventing the negative consequences of early sex initiation. The study of motivation is essential for health educators to be effective in persuading individuals to adopt healthy behaviors and avoid health-compromising ones. A discussion of the multi-dimensional construct of motivation for sexual abstinence is absent from the adolescent sexual behavior literature. Within this study, in-depth brainstorming sessions among college students and the construction of concept maps were used to identify and visually represent potentially relevant dimensions of motivation for sexual abstinence. Based upon these results, the Sexual Abstinence Motivation Scale (SAMS) was developed and psychometrically tested with a pilot group, as well as a statistically representative final group from two major universities in central Texas. Based on the results from this exploratory analysis, the final version of the SAMS included eight scales and 41 items. The eight factors were: Commitment to Self-Schema, Risk of Disappointing Authority Figures, Fear/Apprehension of the Sexual Experience, Fear of Physical Consequences, Value of Virginity, Reputation Regret, No Opportunity/Not Important, and Manipulation. The analyses of the psychometric properties of the SAMS lend support to the validity and reliability of scores it generated. The examination of convergent validity of the SAMS showed significant negative correlations with the Sexual Ideology Instrument -- an indication that the instrument appeared to be measuring motivation for sexual abstinence. Adequate reliability computed through Cronbach alpha demonstrated the items in the SAMS were measuring the same construct ? motivation for sexual abstinence. Prior to this study, assumptions about factors of motivation for sexual abstinence and their possible structure were unknown. Based on results of this examination, preliminary elements now exist that can be tested for the development of these assumptions. The dimensions uncovered in this analysis contribute to the development and refinement of a theory of motivation for sexual abstinence. Further examination, specifically confirmatory factor analysis using the SAMS, is needed.

The sexual reproduction of four gorgonian corals, Ellisella robusta, Subergorgia suberosa, Subergorgia mollis and Bebryce indica at Wanlitong, a non-upwelling area, and Talauko, an upwelling area, in south Taiwan were compared in order to understand their reproductive strategies. Four species were gonochoric. E. robusta, S. suberosa and S. mollis were broadcasting spawners with annual reproductive cycle. The reproductive mode of B. indica was not certain and it may reproduce several times within one year. The mean diameter of mature oocytes of E. robusta, S. suberosa, S. mollis and B. indica was 360, 322, 461, and 312 £gm, respectively. Their fecundity was 3.2, 1.4, 1.1, and 2.0 oocytes/polyp, respectively. Corals with longer oogenesis duration produce larger mature oocytes. The three broadcasting species spawned in September, October and November after the seasonal disturbances. It may be advantageous for the survival of their offspring. The reproductive traits of E. robusta, S. suberosa, and B. indica were similar between Wanlitong and Talauko populations. It suggests that reproductive traits of theses species may be not influenced by upwelling.

Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia y factores de riesgo para disfunción eréctil (DE) en diabéticos del Hospital Alberto Sabogal 2003. Metodología: Se diseño un estudio descriptivo-explicativo, y transversal. Se incluyeron 100 diabéticos tipo 2 con actividad sexual en últimos 6 meses, excluyéndose otras causas de DE. Todos los pacientes fueron sometidos a una encuesta sobre diabetes mellitus, comorbilidad, medicación y el Índice Internacional de Disfunción Eréctil score abreviado (IIDE-5); se revisaron las historias clínicas. Se utilizo el programa Epi-info 2000. Resultados: La edad promedio era 62.63±9.65 años. El tiempo de diabetes fue 9.63±10.43 años, los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada 6.19±2.61%, el 69% se trataba con hipoglicemiantes orales, 13% con insulina, 14% solo dieta y 4% terapia combinada. El promedio de relaciones sexuales fue 3.84±3.74 al mes. La prevalencia de DE fue del 70%. La prevalencia se incremento con la edad, en el grupo de 31-50 años fue 46.7%, llegando al 85.7% en aquellos de 71-80 años de edad (p =0.0239). La severidad DE. aumento con la edad (p =0.022). DE fue asociado a: tiempo de diabetes mayor de 20 años (p =0.000026), indicadores indirectos severidad de la diabetes como uso hipoglicemiantes (p =0.011) , insulina (p =0.0043). No se encontrarón relación .con otras variables. Conclusión: Existe una alta prevalencia DE en la población diabética. La edad y el tiempo de diabetes fueron los principales factores asociados. / Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetics type 2 from Alberto Sabogal Hospital 2003. Methods: I designed a cross over and descriptive and explicative study. A total of 100 diabetics type 2 with sexual activity in last 6 months were evaluated; others causes of ED were excluded. All patients were interviewed and asked to about diabetes mellitus, morbility, drugs, and abbreviate form of International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIED), To revised clinical archives. It analysed Epi-info 2000 program. Results: The average age was 62.63±9.65 years. The diabetes time was 9.63±10.43 years, the level of glycosylated haemoglobin was 6.19±2.61%, the diabetes treatments were hypoglycaemic drugs 69%, insulin 13%, only diet 14% and mixed treatment 4%. The average rate of sexual activity was 3.84±3.74 coitus monthly. The prevalence of ED was 70%. The ED prevalence increase with age, It was 46.7% in the 31-50 years group, rather It was 85.7% in 71-80 years group (p =0.0239). On other hand the ED severity was directly associated with age (p =0.022). ED was associate with diabetes time major of 20 years (p =0.000026), hipoglicemiantes treatment (p =0.011) , insulin treatment (p =0.0043). I did not find association with other variables. Conclusions: Diabetic population have a high prevalence of DE. The age, and diabetes time were strong associated to ED.

Objetivo: Identificar las barreras que impiden el uso de un método anticonceptivo a las adolescentes hospitalizadas en el IEMP y si existe asociación entre edad, estado civil, grado de instrucción, ocupación, antecedente de embarazo, edad de inicio de relaciones coitales y dichas barreras. Diseño: Descriptivo, transversal Muestra: 518 adolescentes hospitalizadas en el IEMP en los meses de octubre a diciembre del año 2005 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión para el estudio. Intervenciones: Aplicación de entrevista estructurada anónima, previa firma del consentimiento informado por parte del padre o apoderado. Se recabó datos generales de la adolescente y sobre las 4 barreras desglosadas en barreras personales, socioculturales, con los servicios de planificación familiar y con el profesional de salud. Resultados: De las 518 adolescentes: 70,7% tienen entre 17-19 años; el 50,4% son conviviente y 46,1% son solteras; 58,6% no culminó su educación básica; 76,4% es ama de casa, 15,1% estudia y 8,5% trabaja; Dentro de las barreras personales predominó el desconocimiento del uso correcto de los método anticonceptivos; de las barreras socioculturales predominó la falta de temas relacionados con Salud Sexual y Reproductiva en la currícula de los colegios; de las barreras en los servicios de planificación familiar predominó los procesos engorrosos; de las barreras con el profesional de salud predominó el personal de Salud poco cordial, incomprensivo. Se encontró asociación entre: edad, estado civil, grado de instrucción, ocupación y antecedente de embarazo y las barreras personales. En edad y estado civil y barreras socioculturales. En edad y barreras con los servicios de planificación familiar; 19,7% tiene antecedente de embarazo anterior; la edad promedio de la primera relación coital es 15,4años y un 16,2% asistió alguna vez a un servicio de planificación familiar. Conclusiones: El estudio revela que las barreras personales, socioculturales, con los servicios de planificación familiar y con el profesional de salud fueron un obstáculo para el uso de un método anticonceptivo en las adolescentes, principalmente las barreras personales. Sin duda, uno de los problemas muy acuciantes resulta el inicio mas precoz de las relaciones sexuales, unido al uso insuficiente o inadecuado de métodos anticonceptivos seguros y eficaces, justifica la alta tasa de embarazos no deseados entre nuestra población.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Lehigh University, 1999. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-117).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Psychology, Committee on Human Development, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Abo Akademi University, Abo, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.