A partir dos contos da literatura ídiche clássica que foram traduzidos para o português, Sabá de Shólem Yákov Abramóvitsh, A leitora de Itzhok Leibusch Peretz e O relógio de Scholem Rabinovitch, este trabalho pretende investigar a representação do Shabat no contexto de uma literatura característica do alvorecer da modernidade judaica. O estudo individual de cada conto aprofundar-se-á na análise dos modos de representação de um evento religioso que cada conto apresenta. Para tanto, o conhecimento da biografia de seus autores foi de vital importância para o exame das obras, pois estes imprimiram em seus textos literários os ideais da Haskalá, por meio de seus narradores fidedignos, termo proposto por Wayne C. Booth, na obra A retórica da Ficção (1980), o qual revela a posição ideológica de seus autores implícitos nos contos. Esses autores implícitos uniram com maestria o dicotômico conceito tradição versus modernidade com o propósito de iluminar, a partir de dentro da comunidade do shtetl, o pensamento do judeu simples, visando transformá-lo em um homem moderno. Cientes de sua função social, Abramóvitsh, Peretz e Rabinovitch utilizaram a língua ídiche e a cultura do judeu do Leste europeu para instaurar um novo momento da literatura e cultura ídiche. / Departing from three Classical Yiddish short stories that have been translated to Portuguese - Mendele Moikher Seforim\'s Sabbath, Itzhok Leibusch Peretz\'s The Reader and Scholem Aleichem\'s The clock - this dissertation aims to investigate the impact of modernity on literary representations of the Sabbath. The analysis of these writings will be conducted by comparing them to each other, highlight the differences in modes of representation on a same religious event. The biographies of these authors were extremely relevant to understand their work, since they expressed the ideals of Haskalah in their literary texts, through their reliable narrators. These authors have masterfully included in their production the dichotomized concept of tradition versus modernity in their texts, in order to illuminate the life of the shtetl community from within, and to portray the ways of thought of the simple Jew, while aiming at turning him into a modern man. Aware of their social roles, Abramóvitsh, Rabinovitch and Peretz have used Yiddish language and the culture of the Eastern European Jewish to establish a new era for the Yiddish culture and literature.

A partir dos contos da literatura ídiche clássica que foram traduzidos para o português, Sabá de Shólem Yákov Abramóvitsh, A leitora de Itzhok Leibusch Peretz e O relógio de Scholem Rabinovitch, este trabalho pretende investigar a representação do Shabat no contexto de uma literatura característica do alvorecer da modernidade judaica. O estudo individual de cada conto aprofundar-se-á na análise dos modos de representação de um evento religioso que cada conto apresenta. Para tanto, o conhecimento da biografia de seus autores foi de vital importância para o exame das obras, pois estes imprimiram em seus textos literários os ideais da Haskalá, por meio de seus narradores fidedignos, termo proposto por Wayne C. Booth, na obra A retórica da Ficção (1980), o qual revela a posição ideológica de seus autores implícitos nos contos. Esses autores implícitos uniram com maestria o dicotômico conceito tradição versus modernidade com o propósito de iluminar, a partir de dentro da comunidade do shtetl, o pensamento do judeu simples, visando transformá-lo em um homem moderno. Cientes de sua função social, Abramóvitsh, Peretz e Rabinovitch utilizaram a língua ídiche e a cultura do judeu do Leste europeu para instaurar um novo momento da literatura e cultura ídiche. / Departing from three Classical Yiddish short stories that have been translated to Portuguese - Mendele Moikher Seforim\'s Sabbath, Itzhok Leibusch Peretz\'s The Reader and Scholem Aleichem\'s The clock - this dissertation aims to investigate the impact of modernity on literary representations of the Sabbath. The analysis of these writings will be conducted by comparing them to each other, highlight the differences in modes of representation on a same religious event. The biographies of these authors were extremely relevant to understand their work, since they expressed the ideals of Haskalah in their literary texts, through their reliable narrators. These authors have masterfully included in their production the dichotomized concept of tradition versus modernity in their texts, in order to illuminate the life of the shtetl community from within, and to portray the ways of thought of the simple Jew, while aiming at turning him into a modern man. Aware of their social roles, Abramóvitsh, Rabinovitch and Peretz have used Yiddish language and the culture of the Eastern European Jewish to establish a new era for the Yiddish culture and literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 16989832 bytes, checksum: dea621d93f974b7f5cc13b59a680905d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The issue treated in this study case is the repertorie of Cabalat Shabat that was brought to Recife. It is one of the three rituals celebrated by jews on the day separated to rest e prays, where the songs and prays still can be heard on local synagogue. The search gathered informations from the Isaac Shachnick Synagogue, in the Centro Israelita de Pernambuco (CIP), and on the Synagogue Kahal Zur Israel Museum, the first synagogue of Brazil, where today is the Jewish Historian Archive of Pernambuco, where are preserved, ocasionally, the ceremonies of Shabat. Departing from the perspective of musical cultural study this work intend to understand the music as cultural behavior and verify the task of this religious practice to their fellowers, trying to situate the music in its sociocultural context. According to the local information, we have nearly 100 fellowers of the Shabat, what represent 10% of the jewish community in Recife. We not only registered the special repertorie sung on the local synagogues, but the study begins with the historic construction of the social group, going to the negociations of the permanencies e adaptation of the cultural traces, specially musical, until reach the reflection over the relevance of this religious tradition. After confirmed the close conection between shabatic music and the jewish identity, that helps to keep the ethical stability and the social union of the ethnical group, the work wants to contribute to the discussions about the ethnicity and the cultural behavior of Immigrant, reaching a more broad aspect, as the Social Science. / O tema transversal deste estudo de caso é o repertório musical do Cabalat Shabat transterritorializado para Recife. Trata-se de um dos três rituais celebrados pelos judeus nos dias reservados para o descanso e rezas, onde as canções/orações ainda podem ser ouvidas nas sinagogas locais. A pesquisa de campo recolheu dados na Sinagoga Isaac Shachnick, do Centro Israelita de Pernambuco (CIP), e no Museu Sinagoga Kahal Zur Israel, a primeira sinagoga do Brasil, onde hoje sedia o Arquivo Histórico Judaico de Pernambuco, mas onde são preservadas, esporadicamente, as cerimônias do Shabat. Levando em conta a perspectiva etnomusicológica, o trabalho pretende compreender a música enquanto comportamento cultural e verificar o papel dessa prática religiosa para os seus adeptos, tentando situar a música no seu contexto sociocultural. Segundo informações de campo, constam aproximadamente cem (100) praticantes do Shabat, o que representa 10% da comunidade judaica em Recife. Além de registrar o repertório principal cantado em duas sinagogas locais, a abordagem compreende desde a construção histórica do grupo social em questão, passando pelas negociações da permanência e adaptação dos traços culturais, sobretudo musicais, até alcançar a reflexão sobre a relevância de tal tradição religiosa. Confirmada a relação intrínseca entre a música shabática e a identidade judaica, que ajudam a garantir a estabilidade ética e coesão social do grupo étnico, o estudo pretende contribuir, também, para as discussões sobre etnicidade e comportamento cultural dos imigrantes, atingindo um espectro mais amplo, como o das Ciências Sociais.

The completeness of eigenfunctions for linearized equations is critical for many applications, such as the study of stability of solitary waves. In this thesis, we work with the Nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger (NLS) equation, associated with the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem. Firstly, we construct a complete set of eigenfunctions for the spectral problem. Our method involves working with an adjoint spectral problem and deriving completeness and orthogonality relations between eigenfunctions and adjoint eigenfunctions. Furthermore, we prove completeness of squared eigenfunctions, which are used to represent solutions of the linearized NLS equation. For this, we find relations between the variation of potential and the variation of scattering data. Moreover, we show the connection between the squared eigenfunctions of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem and solutions of the linearized NLS equation. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Cette thèse s’intéresse au diagnostic de défauts de réseaux électriques filaires à l'aide de la réflectométrie. Pour concevoir des algorithmes de diagnostic, nous avons étudié le problème direct (simulations numériques des réseaux électriques) et le problème inverse (détermination de certaines propriétés d’un réseau à partir des mesures de réflectométrie). Concernant le problème direct, nous avons développé une méthode de calcul du coefficient de réflexion d’un réseau sous forme d’arbre qui est basée sur la résolution successive d’équations différentielles de Riccati. Nous avons également généralisé l’équation de BLT pour des réseaux électriques composés de branches non uniformes et automatisé la méthode de sa résolution. La thèse a apporté deux nouveaux résultats concernant le problème inverse. Le premier résultat porte sur l’estimation des longueurs et des coefficients de pertes des branches d'un réseau électrique sous forme d’étoiles via une méthode itérative. Le deuxième porte sur l’identification, au moins partiellement, des matrices d’admittance des branches d’un réseau électrique modélisé par l’équation de BLT. Les méthodologies et les formalismes proposés dans la thèse sont validés soit par des simulations numériques, soit par des mesures réelles. / This thesis focuses on fault diagnosis of wired electric networks using reflectometry. To develop diagnostic algorithms, we studied the direct problem (numerical simulations of electrical networks) and the inverse problem (determination of certain properties of a network from reflectometry measurements). For the direct problem, we developed a method for the computation of reflection coefficients. This method is based on the successive solving for a Riccati differential equation. We also generalized the BLT equation for the nonuniform electric networks and automated the resolution of this method. The thesis has made two new results concerning the inverse problem. The first result concerns the estimation of lengths and loss coefficients of the branches of a star network via an iterative method. The second focuses on the identification, at least partially, of the branches admittance matrices of a electric network modeled by the equation of BLT. The methodologies and formalisms proposed in this thesis are validated either by numerical simulations or by real measurements.

Dans ce mémoire, nous allons nous intéresser aux graphes obtenus en considérant l'image inverse d'un polygone (en particulier d'un segment) dont les sommets sont les valeurs critiques d'un polynôme. Nous allons commencer par des rappels de notions préliminaires sur les polynômes complexes, la topologie algébrique et la théorie des espèces. Ensuite, nous allons voir le lien entre les arbres plans bicolorés et les polynômes de Shabat, qui sont des polynômes ayant au plus deux valeurs critiques, mis à part l'infini. Subséquemment, nous étudierons quelques notions portant sur les cactus. Finalement nous bouclerons le tout par une exploration, à l'aide du logiciel Maple, des concepts élaborés dans les chapitres précédents. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : point critique, valeur critique, revêtement, polynôme de Shabat, arbre plan bicoloré, cactus, constellation, fonction symétrique, espèce de structures, itération de Newton-Raphson.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-21T12:34:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marjorie Maria da Silva Nascimento.pdf: 1242540 bytes, checksum: 6734ba3ff61057c1abeba45dad409340 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-21T12:34:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marjorie Maria da Silva Nascimento.pdf: 1242540 bytes, checksum: 6734ba3ff61057c1abeba45dad409340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-09 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The main objective of this research was to analyze whether conscientious objection as a constitutional guarantee can bring effectiveness to the religious freedom of Seventh-day Adventists in the custody of the Sabbath, a sacred day dedicated exclusively to religious worship and spiritual activities. In order to reach this conclusion, it was tried to show the importance of religious freedom, in its aspects, freedom of conscience, freedom of worship, freedom of belief and the excuse of conscience. As a specific objective, the aim was to show the role of the secular State in the concreteness of religious freedom in a democratic country that respects fundamental human rights, especially freedom of belief and worship. The social relevance of research is justified insofar as many Seventh-day Adventists are deprived of their rights, when they cannot participate in public selections and contests, attend classes on Sabbath days, work on that day, since their conscience and their beliefs do not allow these activities to be performed during the holy hours of the Sabbath. The relevance of the research is made by pointing out solutions so that the sacred day of the Adventists takes effect before the difficulties in the Sabbath keeping and, in addition, contribute to the discussion on the subject before the oscillations in the decisions of the courts. For this purpose, bibliographical references of authors versed in this area were used to formulate conclusions and reach the objectives outlined. As a conclusion, it was pointed out that the solution for Adventists to enjoy the right to keep the Sabbath, without depriving themselves of the right to education, to participate in competitions is the granting of alternative services, as sanctioned by art. 5, VII of CF / 88 / O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar se a escusa de consciência como garantia constitucional consegue trazer efetividade à liberdade religiosa dos adventistas do sétimo dia na guarda do sábado, dia considerado sagrado, dedicado exclusivamente ao culto religioso e atividades espirituais. Para alcançar essa conclusão, procurou-se mostrar a importância da liberdade religiosa, nas suas vertentes, a liberdade de consciência, a liberdade de culto, a liberdade de crença e a escusa de consciência. Como objetivo específico, buscou-se mostrar o papel do Estado laico na concretude da liberdade religiosa num país democrático e que respeita os direitos humanos fundamentais, em especial, a liberdade de crença e de culto. A relevância social da pesquisa se justifica na medida em que muitos adventistas do sétimo dia se veem privados de seus direitos, quando não podem participar de seleções e concursos públicos, assistirem aulas em dias de sábado, trabalharem nesse dia, já que sua consciência e sua crença não permitem exercer essas atividades nas horas sagradas do sábado. A relevância da pesquisa se faz por apontar soluções para que o dia sagrado dos adventistas se efetive diante das dificuldades na guarda do sábado e, além disso, contribuir para a discussão sobre o tema diante das oscilações nas decisões dos tribunais. Utilizou-se, para tanto, referenciais bibliográficos de autores versados nesta área a fim de se formular conclusões e atingir os objetivos traçados. Como conclusão, ressaltou-se que a solução para que os adventistas possam desfrutar do direito à guarda do sábado, sem se privarem do direito à educação, à participação em concursos é a concessão de prestações alternativas, conforme sanciona o art. 5º, VII da CF/88

In this thesis, having in mind applications to the fault-detection/diagnosis of electrical networks, we consider some inverse scattering problems for the Zakharov-Shabat equations and time-independent Schrödinger operators over star-shaped graphs. The first chapter is devoted to describe reflectometry methods applied to electrical networks as an inverse scattering problems on the star-shaped network. Reflectometry methods are presented and modeled by the telegrapher's equations. Reflectometry experiments can be written as inverse scattering problems for Schrödinger operator in the lossless case and for Zakharov-Shabat system for the lossy transmission network. In chapter 2 we introduce some elements of the inverse scattering theory for 1 d Schrödinger equations and the Zakharov-Shabat system. We recall the basic results for these two systems and we present the state of art of scattering theory on network. The third chapter deals with some inverse scattering for the Schrödinger operators. We prove the identifiability of the geometry of the star-shaped graph: the number of the edges and their lengths. Next, we study the potential identification problem by inverse scattering. In the last chapter we focus on the inverse scattering problems for lossy transmission star-shaped network. We prove the identifiability of some geometric informations by inverse scattering and we present a result toward the identification of the heterogeneities, showing the identifiability of the loss line factor.

Uma análise de um grupo político-religioso do judaísmo em confronto com os ensinamentos de Jesus Cristo. Primeiramente são analisados as origens e pressupostos da teologia farisaica, envolvendo uma caracterização geral do grupo fariseu e uma breve descrição de outros grupos competidores. Num segundo momento se trata do conflito de Jesus com os fariseus em relação ao sábado, partindo de uma exegese de Mc 3:1-6. Também são traçados paralelos entre os fariseus e seu relacionamento com Jesus nos evangelhos sinóticos, bem como apresentado um excurso sobre o sábado judaico. A última parte, finalizando a pesquisa, envolve continuidade e descontinuidade da lei por parte de Jesus e o seu posicionamento diante do sábado e ainda pontos convergentes e divergentes de Jesus com os fariseus. / An analysis of a political-religious group in first-century Judaism, i.e. the Pharisses, in confrontation with the teachings of Jesus Christ. Firstly, the origin and presuppositions of the theology of the Pharesees are analyzed, involving a general characterization of the group of the Pharisees and a brief description of competing groups (Sadducees, Essenes, etc.). Then, the focus is the conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees in relation to the Sabbath, with Mark 3:1-6 as the point of departure. At the same time, parallels are drawn between the Pharisees and their relationship with Jesus. An excursus on the Jewish Sabbath is also included. In the last part of the paper, the main topic is the continuity and discontinuity on the part of Jesus and his position vis-à-vis the Sabbath, as well as points of convergence and points of divergence between Jesus and the Pharisees.

We clear up two issues regarding the eigenvalue problem for the Manakov system; these problems relate directly to the existence of the soliton [sic] effect in fiber optic cables. The first issue is a bound on the eigenvalues of the Manakov system: if the parameter ξ is an eigenvalue, then it must lie in a certain region in the complex plane. The second issue has to do with a chirped Manakov system. We show that if a system is chirped too much, the soliton effect disappears. While this has been known for some time experimentally, there has not yet been a theoretical result along these lines for the Manakov system. / Ph. D.