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Control of sunshine in buildings by fixed shading in continental climatesPour-Deihimi, S. January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
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High-Performance Facades for Commercial BuildingsBader, Stefan 14 November 2013 (has links)
Due to the fact that construction, maintenance and operation of buildings consume almost 50% of the energy today, architects play a major role in the reduction of energy consumption. The building’s envelope (façades and roof) can have a significant and measurable impact. With regard to overheating and the potential lost of internal heat, transparent parts of the building envelope have a large effect on the building’s energy consumption. Modern, transparent façade systems can fulfill contemporary demands, such as energy conservation, energy production or the degree of visual contact, of sustainable buildings in order to reduce internal heating, cooling, and electrical loads.
An analysis of existing shading devices and façade design leads to a comparative analysis of conventional shading devices like horizontal and vertical blinds as well as eggcrate and honeycomb shading structures in a hot-humid climate like Austin, Texas. This study helped evaluating strengths and weaknesses of each device resulting in an optimization process of conventional shading devices. Ultimately, an optimized shading structure has been developed.
This project aimed to develop an advanced transparent façade system for a south-oriented commercial façade in Austin, Texas, which fulfills high standards with regard to low energy use, by limiting cooling loads and demands for artificial lighting while avoiding glare and heat losses during the cold season. The optimization has been achieved in providing full shading for a specified period of time throughout the year while providing maximized solar exposure. The shading structure consists out of an array of fixed shading components varying in size and proportion to fulfill criteria like specific views, transparency and aesthetics. The shading structure has been compared to conventional shading devices and analyzed with regard to the reduction of annual solar radiation. The improvement in design and energy consumption contributes to the variety of shading structures for building skins. It is anticipated that the solutions will help to widen the options for aesthetically pleasing, high-performance façades for commercial buildings.
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Sustainable Climate Response Connectors at The University of Arizona to Improve User Performance and Reduce Carbon FootprintRojas, Cesar Alberto, Rojas, Cesar Alberto January 2017 (has links)
The University of Arizona Main Campus is located in the city of Tucson, Arizona. A place that confronts high air temperatures and extreme solar radiation almost all year around. Currently, more than 38,000 students are enrolled as full-time facing the extreme climate conditions of heat. Thousands of students walk from one place to another experiencing uncomfortable walks causing them heat stress.
Campus infrastructure is not capable to interact with the weather conditions of Tucson. The lack of shaded paths, materials with high emissivity of heat, nonnative vegetation, among other factors, make the walks unpleasant. This challenge affects people's health and consecutively the performance of cooling systems once the people enter to buildings overheated.
Outdoor human thermal comfort in arid and desert areas is a relevant topic that carries implications and benefits on people and buildings performance. The amount and intensity of activities within individuals affects the level of comfort.
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Eficiência e forma de protetores solares externos em edifícios de escritórios: estudo de casos em Curitiba-PR / Efficiency and form of external solar protector devices for office buildings: a study of cases in Curitiba-PRCapistrano, Gradisca de Oliveira Werneck de 10 October 2008 (has links)
Os protetores solares são elementos arquitetônicos que, quando bem projetados e empregados, podem contribuir para a redução dos ganhos térmicos de uma edificação, e conseqüentemente, do consumo energético necessário para resfriar o ar em seu interior. Isso porque, impedindo a incidência de radiação solar direta nos fechamentos transparentes, diminui o efeito estufa e os aumentos da temperatura interna do ar que ele provoca. É exposto um breve histórico da utilização dos dispositivos de proteção solar na arquitetura brasileira. É apresentada uma discussão sobre a real contribuição dos protetores na redução da penetração da radiação solar direta através dos fechamentos transparentes das edificações. O estudo da eficiência enfoca exemplares de protetores encontrados em edifícios de escritórios da cidade de Curitiba-PR. A análise da eficiência dos protetores é feita graficamente, observando os horários em que recebem insolação e projetam sombra nas aberturas. Percebe-se que a maior parte dos protetores está inadequada para as fachadas e orientações em que são empregados. / Shading devices are architectural elements which, when well projected and employed, can contribute to the reduction of the thermal gain in buildings and, consequently, the energy consumption necessary to cooling down hot air inside. Avoiding the direct incidence of sunlight through transparent windows, the shading devices contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse effect as well as the temperature increases caused by it. A brief survey on solar protection devices and their usage in brazilian architecture is presented. The work discuss the actual contribution of protectors in reducing the penetration of direct sunlight through windows or, more generally, transparent glass walls of buildings. The study of efficiency focuses shading devices used for office buildings in the city of Curitiba-PR. That study is accomplished through a graphical method, taking into account the periods in which the solar protection devices receive direct solar radiation and project shadow on the windows. Most part of the protectors considered in the present work do not reach satisfactory performances for the orientations and facades in which they are used.
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Eficiência e forma de protetores solares externos em edifícios de escritórios: estudo de casos em Curitiba-PR / Efficiency and form of external solar protector devices for office buildings: a study of cases in Curitiba-PRGradisca de Oliveira Werneck de Capistrano 10 October 2008 (has links)
Os protetores solares são elementos arquitetônicos que, quando bem projetados e empregados, podem contribuir para a redução dos ganhos térmicos de uma edificação, e conseqüentemente, do consumo energético necessário para resfriar o ar em seu interior. Isso porque, impedindo a incidência de radiação solar direta nos fechamentos transparentes, diminui o efeito estufa e os aumentos da temperatura interna do ar que ele provoca. É exposto um breve histórico da utilização dos dispositivos de proteção solar na arquitetura brasileira. É apresentada uma discussão sobre a real contribuição dos protetores na redução da penetração da radiação solar direta através dos fechamentos transparentes das edificações. O estudo da eficiência enfoca exemplares de protetores encontrados em edifícios de escritórios da cidade de Curitiba-PR. A análise da eficiência dos protetores é feita graficamente, observando os horários em que recebem insolação e projetam sombra nas aberturas. Percebe-se que a maior parte dos protetores está inadequada para as fachadas e orientações em que são empregados. / Shading devices are architectural elements which, when well projected and employed, can contribute to the reduction of the thermal gain in buildings and, consequently, the energy consumption necessary to cooling down hot air inside. Avoiding the direct incidence of sunlight through transparent windows, the shading devices contribute to the reduction of the greenhouse effect as well as the temperature increases caused by it. A brief survey on solar protection devices and their usage in brazilian architecture is presented. The work discuss the actual contribution of protectors in reducing the penetration of direct sunlight through windows or, more generally, transparent glass walls of buildings. The study of efficiency focuses shading devices used for office buildings in the city of Curitiba-PR. That study is accomplished through a graphical method, taking into account the periods in which the solar protection devices receive direct solar radiation and project shadow on the windows. Most part of the protectors considered in the present work do not reach satisfactory performances for the orientations and facades in which they are used.
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Caractérisation et valorisation de protections solaires pour la conception de bâtiments : analyse expérimentale et propositions de modélisations / Characterization and enhancement of shading solar devices in order in the context of solar building design : experimental analysis and modelling proposalsDugué, Antoine 18 October 2013 (has links)
Lors d’une démarche de modélisation énergétique d’un bâtiment, la prise en compte de l’enveloppe solaire reste souvent imprécise. L’objet du travail présenté ici est la description détaillée de solutions de protections solaires, induisant un tirage thermique (bardage, store), dans un objectif de modélisation et de valorisation pour répondre aux besoins d’industriels du secteur ; la caractérisation des performances permet alors d’assister la maitrise d’œuvre en phase conception.La mise en place d’une plateforme expérimentale – mur exposé sud muni d’une protection solaire devant lame d’air – a permis la mesure de températures d’airs et d’éléments solides présents dans le système, de vitesses d’écoulement dans la lame d’air ouverte, et du flux radiatif incident. Deux types de bardage bois, un type de store et un type de métal déployé ont été considérés.Parallèlement, un modèle 1D amélioré de transfert de chaleur dans le système étudié est développé. Trois familles de modèle de convection dans la lame d’air sont identifiées, présentées et intégrées dans le modèle global. La description de l’écoulement dans la lame d’air est retenue à partir d’analyses des résultats expérimentaux.Un modèle simplifié d’intégration de tels systèmes de protections solaires dans des plateformes de simulation thermique de bâtiments est proposé, basé sur la paramétrisation des sollicitations extérieures par le facteur solaire. La méthode de calcul du facteur solaire est présentée. Le caractère intrinsèque facteur solaire et son intérêt sont discutés notamment à partir d’analyse de sensibilités. / During the design process of a building, the energetic modelling of the solar envelop is often imprecise. The purpose of the present work is the detailed description of solar shading devices that induce a chimney effect such as claddings or blinds, which would allow their promotion in order to meet the industrial needs of the sector. An experimental platform – south facing wall with a shading solar device that define an air gap – has been set up and allow the measurement of temperatures, air flows in the ventilated air gap, and the incident solar radiation. Two different wooden claddings, one type of blinds and one type of expanded metal were considered.A 1D model has been developed by considering precisely the heat transfers in the system. Three families of convection model are identified, presented and integrated in the overall model. The description of the airflow in the air gap is chosen from analysis of the experimental results.A simplified model that allows the integration of such solar shading devices in a building simulation platform has been developed; it is based on the parameterization of external solicitations as function of the shading device properties. The calculation method of the solar factor is presented. The intrinsic nature of the solar factor is then discussed using sensibility analysis.
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Vliv vnitřního stínění na tepelnou stabilitu místnosti / The impact of inner shielding on the thermal stability of roomKantor, Robert January 2013 (has links)
This thesis deals with internal shading devices and their influence on the thermal stability of the room. Furthermore, compares the differences in the behavior of different materials. Finally, compares the measured values with the computational models.
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Glare, Daylight and View:“Exploratory study of the effect of patterns on glare and view in an indoor environment.”Nazari, Marzieh January 2019 (has links)
The dilemma of keeping the daylight quality and view to the outside or protecting our eyes from disturbing glare by covering the window is a moment that probably everyone has experienced in their life. Having access to daylight and enjoying the view to the outside when there is not visual comfort has been a problematic issue related to the window in space. Shading devices are designed in different shapes and forms to control glare and also energy consumption inside the space. Using shading covers part of the window and it affects the light quality and view to the outside and can change our perception from architectural space.In this thesis, the main question is how can we protect the indoor space from discomfort glare without covering the whole part of the window by curtain, blinds or shading devices in order to keep daylight quality and view to the outside.Glare is a phenomenon that is related to the viewpoint of observers and in order to study the glare metrics, the data from 140 viewpoints of the observer in 20 different locations in one simulated room were analyzed based on three main factors:1- Glare Metrics2- Light Quality3- ViewThe 20 selected patterns were simulated in [Rhino /Grasshopper/ Diva] software to analyze the glare and daylight metrics in Solstices and Equinoxes. Also, in order to define a parameter for view, one questionnaire was used and the responses from 40 participants were collected and all of the data were evaluated by mathematics and statistics methods.The final aim of the study is to introduce some simple principles for patterns of shadings to provide better-daylit environment and view to the outside with most visual comfort conditions for the user inside the space.
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Avaliação de sistemas de janela para suporte a decisões de projeto quanto à iluminação e uso de energia / Window systems evaluation for design decision support on daylight and energy use.Lima, Kamila Mendonça de 16 February 2016 (has links)
Projetar sistemas de janela considerando a adequação climática envolve lidar com os efeitos do meio externo, que são dinâmicos, e com estratégias que podem ser conflitantes, tais como o controle do ganho de calor solar e aproveitamento da iluminação natural, ambos elementos provenientes da radiação do Sol. Parte-se do princípio de que isso é feito considerando o impacto de diferentes variáveis de projeto em diferentes indicadores de desempenho simultaneamente, para suporte a decisão. O estudo do efeito dessas variáveis de projeto da janela quando combinadas ainda não é consolidado, especialmente no caso de localidades de baixa latitude. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa de doutorado é avaliar sistemas de janela estáticos e dinâmicos para suporte a decisões de projeto arquitetônico, quanto a diferentes critérios de desempenho relacionados à iluminação natural e uso de energia, de forma integrada. São estudados sistemas de janela compostos por uma abertura envidraçada e proteções solares de aletas horizontais externas, fixas e móveis. O recorte engloba edificações com uso de escritório no contexto do clima quente e úmido da cidade de Maceió-AL. Para isso, simulações computacionais integradas utilizando os softwares Daysim e EnergyPlus foram realizadas, considerando o acionamento das lâmpadas apenas quando a luz natural não fosse suficiente para atender ao uso do ambiente. As variáveis de projeto analisadas foram: percentual de área de abertura, tipo de vidro, ângulo de sombreamento, quantidade de aletas, tipo de acionamento do sistema de proteção solar e orientação da abertura. As soluções arquitetônicas resultantes das combinações de todas as variáveis entre si foram avaliadas com relação à disponibilidade e distribuição da luz natural e demanda de energia elétrica para condicionamento do ar e iluminação artificial no ambiente interno, e classificadas segundo dois indicadores principais. Foram identificadas as variáveis de projeto dentre as analisadas com maior potencial de impacto no desempenho obtido em diferentes situações. Os resultados mostraram que é possível uma alternativa se encontrar em uma faixa de 10% melhores cenários nos dois indicadores ao mesmo tempo. Observou-se ainda que, apesar de a demanda de energia para condicionamento do ar ser frequentemente maior do que a demanda para iluminação, o desempenho da abertura quanto à iluminação pode ter um peso decisivo na escolha de projeto, pois este indicador de desempenho é mais sensível às variáveis da janela estudadas do que o primeiro. Por fim, observou-se que os protetores solares dinâmicos não são garantia de melhoria de desempenho em relação a sistemas estáticos. / Designing window systems in a climate responsive way involves dealing with the effects of the external environment, which are dynamic, and strategies that may conflict, such as daylight and control of solar heat gains, both elements related to the sun. This research assumes that this is done considering the impact of different design variables in different performance indicators simultaneously, for decision support. The study of the effect of window design variables when combined is not yet consolidated, especially in case of low latitude locations. The general objective of this doctoral research is to evaluate static and dynamic window systems to support architectural design decisions regarding different performance criteria related to daylight and energy use, in an integrated manner. The studied window system consists of a glazed opening and external horizontal slat-type shading devices, fixed and mobile, in offices in the hot and humid climate of the city of Maceió-AL. For this, computer integrated simulations using Daysim and EnergyPlus software were carried out, considering the activation of the lighting system only when daylight is not sufficient to meet the usage requirements. The design variables analyzed were window-to-wall ratio, glazing type, cut-off angle, number of slats, type of shading control and orientation. Architectural solutions resulting from combinations of all variables were evaluated regarding the availability and distribution of daylight and electricity demand for air conditioning and artificial lighting in the indoor environment. The solutions were then rated and ranked according to two main indicators. The design variables among the analyzed with potential of high impact in the obtained performance in different situations were identified. The results showed that it is possible an alternative be in a range of 10% best scenarios in the two criteria at the same time. It was also observed that, although the energy demand for conditioning air often be greater than the lighting energy demand, the performance of the window on daylight can have a decisive weight on the design choice, because this performance indicator is more sensitive to the window variables than the first. Finally, it was observed that the dynamic shading systems are not performance-enhancing guarantee compared to static systems.
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Desempenho térmico e luminoso de brises externos em escritórios em Maceió AL / Thermal and luminous performance of shading devices in offices in Maceió ALLima, Kamila Mendonça de 24 February 2012 (has links)
Solar control has been used as a bioclimatic strategy in buildings located in hot climates. It is used to block direct solar radiation and to reduce the admission of light and heat through windows. Such effects occur simultaneously, so that a given device configuration that meet the criterion of thermal performance may reduce natural light and vice versa, depending on the shading device configuration. This conflict can cause visual and thermal discomfort that can lead to the need of artificial lighting and air conditioning systems. The goal of this dissertation is comparatively evaluate the luminous and thermal performance of different external shading devices configuration in office buildings located in the city of Maceió-AL. The methodology is based on several parametric analysis, regarding to illuminance, light uniformity and solar heat gains. Computer simulation has been carried out using Troplux 5 and DesignBuilder 3 softwares. A typical office room model was used, where louver parameters has been examined (slat spacing, slope and reflectance), considering windows oriented to North, South, East and West. The annual performance variation has also been studied, such as and the unshaded condition. The effect of each configuration has been analyzed concerning lighting and thermal performance as well its integrated performance. Shading devices produced an average reduction of 34% varying to 92% in comparison to the unshaded condition, for the illuminance, and 29% varying to 51% for the solar gains. Configurations with more favorable combined thermal and luminous results were identified for each orientation analyzed. Finally, it was observed that the choice between different configurations of shading devices, even with the same shadow-mask, changes the luminous and thermal performance. The information here produced can help to architect and design shading devices in practice. In addition, the work produced an important knowledge concerning integrated performance of openings of buildings in hot climates. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O sombreamento de aberturas é uma estratégia bioclimática adequada para edificações em regiões de clima quente e úmido. Seu uso diminui a admissão de luz e de calor no ambiente. Tais efeitos ocorrem simultaneamente, de forma que uma determinada configuração de dispositivos que atenda ao critério do desempenho térmico pode afetar negativamente a iluminação natural e vice-versa, a depender das características formais do brise utilizado. Esse conflito pode ocasionar desconforto (visual e/ou térmico) e dependência de sistemas artificiais de condicionamento e iluminação. Diante de tais aspectos, o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é avaliar comparativamente o desempenho luminoso e térmico de diferentes configurações de brises externos, em edificações de escritório, na cidade de Maceió-AL. A metodologia utilizada consistiu de análises paramétricas, com base em dados referentes à iluminância interna, uniformidade da luz e ganhos térmicos solares, obtidos por simulação computacional nos softwares TropLux 5 e DesignBuilder 3. Foi elaborado um modelo de ambiente representativo da tipologia de escritórios em Maceió, a partir do qual foram analisados os parâmetros referentes à configuração do brise (espaçamento, inclinação e refletância das aletas), considerando a janela orientada a Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste e a variação anual dos índices registrados, bem como as situações de janela exposta. As comparações foram feitas em dois níveis: entre os diferentes parâmetros e entre os desempenhos (térmico e luminoso). As diferentes configurações de brise foram classificadas, sendo identificadas aquelas mais favoráveis em relação ao desempenho térmico, luminoso e ao desempenho conjunto, para cada uma das fachadas analisadas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a descrição do efeito do espaçamento, inclinação e refletância para cada fachada. Também foram quantificados os percentuais de redução dos índices analisados, em relação aos modelos com janela exposta. Obteve-se redução média de 34% a 92% para a iluminância, e de 29% a 51% para os ganhos solares. Quanto aos resultados conjuntos: na orientação Norte, todas as configurações de brise analisadas apresentaram desempenho conjunto equilibrado. Com a janela orientada a Sul, apresentaram-se restrições para as configurações que combinem cor clara e pouca inclinação, que resultariam em excessos de luz e calor. Já nas orientações Leste e Oeste, os brises de desempenho conjunto mais favorável foram aqueles com aletas de cor clara e pouco inclinadas ou aletas de cor de refletância média e maior inclinação em relação à horizontal. A alteração do espaçamento não apresentou influência significativa na variação da quantidade de luz e calor, mas alterou a uniformidade da iluminação. Por fim, observou-se que a escolha entre diferentes configurações de brise, mesmo com máscaras de sombra iguais, modifica o desempenho térmico e luminoso resultante. Esse conhecimento pode auxiliar o projeto arquitetônico. Além disso, o trabalho apresentado caracteriza um passo no conhecimento acerca do desempenho integrado de sistemas de abertura em localidades de clima quente e úmido.
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