• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 73
  • 20
  • 20
  • 9
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 159
  • 159
  • 159
  • 54
  • 37
  • 36
  • 32
  • 31
  • 23
  • 22
  • 22
  • 21
  • 19
  • 18
  • 18
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Desenvolvimento de indutor variável com fio com memória de forma

Torquato Filho, Evandro Alves 25 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-05-24T13:42:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3782473 bytes, checksum: 32dae2c7c7f319bb1f74f7a9be6d1239 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-24T13:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3782473 bytes, checksum: 32dae2c7c7f319bb1f74f7a9be6d1239 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is part of an active material class due to a special characteristic, called Shape Memory Effect (SME) that can be activated by a thermal field. In general these materials are made by metallic alloys and belong to a group of conducting materials with electromagnetic properties when circulated by an electric current. If geometrically configured as an inductor and stimulated with an alternating current allows the variable magnetic induction provided by the magnetic flux inside the coil. Using the thermomechanical shape change and the magnetic induction characteristics, this paper presents a study and development of a variable inductor with an alloy Ni-Ti. This study is based in inductance variation through geometric variation of coils made of shape memory wire and keeping the magnetic permeability constant. It was also observed variations in magnetic inductance due to change in temperature through electrical current, showing a possible close relationship with the phase transformation temperature of the material. To collect the experimental results were necessary the development of SME inductors with ferrite nucleus. Results are presented for the inductance variation related to length and temperature variation of a SMA inductor. / As Ligas com Memória de Forma (LMF) fazem parte de uma classe de materiais ativos ou inteligentes por possuírem uma característica especial denominada de Efeito Memória de Forma (EMF) que pode ser ativado por um campo térmico. Por serem geralmente ligas metálicas estão no grupo dos materiais condutores e apresentam propriedades eletromagnéticas quando circulados por uma corrente elétrica. Se configurado geometricamente como um indutor e estimulado com uma corrente alternada possibilita a indução magnética variável proporcionada pelo fluxo magnético no interior das espiras. Aproveitando a característica termomecânica de mudança de forma e o efeito físico de indução magnética, este trabalho apresenta um estudo do desenvolvimento de um indutor variável com liga com memória de forma de NiTi. O estudo se baseou na variação da indutância pela variação geométrica das espiras construídas com fio com memória de forma e mantendo a permeabilidade magnética do núcleo constante. Foram observadas variações na indutância magnética devido à variação de temperatura provocada por corrente elétrica, demonstrando uma possível relação entre as temperaturas de transformação de fase do material. Para a coleta dos resultados experimentais foram desenvolvidos alguns indutores com LMF com núcleo de ferrite. São apresentados resultados da variação da indutância relacionados com a variação do comprimento e temperatura do indutor de LMF.
82

Estudo da liga cu-11,8al-xbe-0,3ti (x = 0,5; 0,6; 0,7) processadas termomecanicamente / Study of the alloy cu-11,8al-xbe-0,3ti (x = 0,5, 0,6 and 0,7) thermomechanical processing

Júnior., Manoel Quirino da Silva 28 September 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T15:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2663427 bytes, checksum: 32fe62098d052c5ec88062947422c2d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Shape memory alloys have been object of diverse studies due to a vast fan of possible applications, such as: medical applications (materials for applications in dentistry and orthopedics), sensor (thermostats) and thermal-mechanics actuators (connections of tubes). The objectives of this work were the elaboration and characterization of Cu-Al shape memory alloys which contend beryl and titanium in the following percentages: Cu-11,8Al- XBe-0,3Ti (X = 0,5; 0,6 and 0.7% weight); and to analyze the viability of the thermomechanical process in these alloys. The influence of the variables about chemical composition, quench hardening, thermal cycling and the thermomechanical treatment in the transformation temperatures were investigated. It was possible to verify that the addition of small amounts of Be alters the matrix composition and, consequently, the transformation temperatures. For its time, Ti forms precipitated with amounts of copper and aluminum that inhibit the growth of the grain in the thermomechanical process. The alloys were cycled themically in a range among the temperature below of Mf and above of Af reaching stable values being evidenced a great thermal stability. The microstructural evolution before and after the thermomechanical process, the transformation temperatures and the thermal stability were characterized by the thermal analysis (DSC and DTA), scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Under low speeds of cooling, the alloys show a decomposition of the β phase with formation of the γ2 and α phases, whereas in the fast cooling, the β phase passes to β1 without the presence of the other phases. With the increase of the percentile of Be, the γ2 phase increases and it maintains precipitated together in the matrix with rich particles of second phase in titanium. However, after ix lamination and temper, the γ2 phase is not presented anymore staying the dispersed particles of second phase in the matrix. / As ligas com efeito memória de forma têm sido objeto de diversos estudos, devido a um vasto leque de aplicações possíveis, tais como: médicas (materiais para aplicações em odontologia e ortopedia), sensores (termostatos) e atuadores termomecânicos (conexões de tubos). Os objetivos deste trabalho foi a elaboração e caracterização de ligas com memória de forma do sistema Cu-Al contendo berílio e titânio nos seguintes percentuais: Cu- 11,8Al-XBe-0,3Ti (X = 0,5; 0,6 e 0,7 %peso). Forma estudados os efeitos das variáveis de processamento nas propriedades microestruturais e na estabilidade térmica. Além disso, foram investigadas a influência das variáveis composição química, meio de têmpera, ciclagem térmica e o tratamento termomecânico nas temperaturas de transformação. Foi possível constatar que a adição de pequenos teores de Be altera a composição da matriz e, consequentemente, as temperaturas de transformação. O Ti por sua vez, forma precipitados com teores de cobre e alumínio que inibem o crescimento do grão no processo termomecânico. As ligas foram cicladas termicamente numa faixa entre a temperatura abaixo da transformação final da martensita e acima da transformação final da austenita, atingindo valores estáveis, ficando evidenciada uma ótima estabilidade térmica. A evolução microestrutural antes e depois do processo termomecânico, as temperaturas de transformação e a estabilidade térmica foram caracterizadas pelas analises térmicas (calorimetria exploratória diferencial e análise térmica diferencial), microscopia eletrônica de varredura e difração de raios-X. Sob baixas velocidades de resfriamento as ligas mostram uma decomposição da fase β CCC com formação das fases γ2 e α CFC, enquanto que no resfriamento rápido a fase β passa para β1 sem a presença das demais fases. Com o aumento do percentual de Be a fase γ2 aumenta e se mantém precipitada na matriz vii juntamente com partículas de segunda fase ricas em titânio. No entanto, após laminação e têmpera, a fase γ2 não mais se apresenta permanecendo as partículas de segunda fase dispersas na matriz.
83

Modelagem e controle de atuador antagônico de liga de memória de forma. / Modelling and control of an antagonistic shape memory alloy actuator.

André Seiji Sandes Ianagui 05 October 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta a modelagem, identificação de parâmetros e projeto do sistema de controle de um atuador rotacional antagônico com refrigeração forçada baseado em fios de liga de memória de forma, tendo em vista a aplicação em manipuladores robóticos. O modelo é baseado na abordagem de transformação de fases por subcamadas, que leva em conta a alta não linearidade que ocorre devido à dinâmica de transformação de fases do fio de memória de forma (especialmente a alta histerese envolvida). Um algoritmo de otimização por meio de Programação Quadrática Sequencial é então usado para se estimar os parâmetros do modelo de difícil obtenção exata, como as temperaturas de transição de fase dos fios de liga de memória de forma e o coeficiente de convecção. A função objetivo adotada é o erro entre a posição medida experimentalmente e a posição obtida por meio de modelagem e simulação. Parte-se de valores de parâmetros iniciais de tabela para a aplicação do algoritmo. Os resultados são em seguida comparados e avaliados com experimentos independentes em malha aberta, com o modelo apresentando boa correlação com a planta para uma excitação de até 2,0 Hz. Por fim, um sistema de controle não linear por modos deslizantes baseado no modelo é desenvolvido e simulado utilizando o modelo estimado, tanto em modo de controle de torque como em controle de posição. Aplica-se um controlador com camada limite e linearização utilizando a realimentação dos estados e o modelo estimado. Este tipo de controlador é robusto a eventuais diferenças entre o modelo e o sistema real. O controlador é então utilizado num modelo sistema de experimental, a partir do qual são obtidos resultados de desempenho dinâmico e exatidão do atuador controlado ao mesmo tempo em que são feitas comparações com os resultados das simulações. Por fim, demonstra-se que os objetivos iniciais do trabalho são atingidos, ao se realizar satisfatoriamente o controle de posição e de torque com robustez, exatidão e desempenho dinâmico adequados à aplicação prevista. / This work presents the modeling, grey-box parameter estimation and control design of a force-cooled antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) rotational actuator, having in mind the application in robotic manipulators. The model is based on a sub-layer phase transformation approach, taking account the large non-linearities that rise from the phase-transformation dynamics (in special, the highly hysteretic dynamics). An optimization Quadratic Sequential Programming Algorithm is used to for estimate estimating the model parameters, which are hard to obtain accurately, like the such as phase transition temperatures of the shape memory alloy wires and the convection coefficient. The objective function adopted is the error between the experimentally measured position and the position obtained by means of modeling and simulation. Initial parameters for the algorithm application are taken from factory tables\' datasheets. The results are then compared and evaluated with independent open loop experiments. At last, a model based nonlinear shape memory alloy SMA control scheme is designed and simulated using the estimated model, in torque and position control modes. The control scheme applied uses limit layer and feedback linearization using based on the estimated model. This control scheme is robust to eventual mismatch between modeling and the real system. The controller is then used in an experimental model, from which results of dynamic behavior and accuracy of the controlled actuator are obtained and compared with the simulated results. At last, it is showed that the initial objectives of this work are achieved, by satisfactorily performing position and torque control with robustness, accuracy and dynamic performances adequate to the application targeted.
84

Desenvolvimento de um atuador de posição baseado em liga de memória de forma com resfriamento forçado. / Development of a position actuator based on a shape memory alloy with forced cooling.

Roberto Romano 27 November 2006 (has links)
As ligas com memória de forma (Shape Memory Alloy - SMA) consistem em um grupo de materiais metálicos que possuem a habilidade de retornar a um formato ou tamanho previamente definido quando submetidas a um ciclo térmico adequado, devido a alterações em sua estrutura cristalina. Esta mudança não é um processo termodinamicamente reversível, apresentando, conseqüentemente, histerese. Portanto, a característica principal destes materiais é a habilidade de sofrer grandes deformações e, em seguida, recuperar sua forma original quando a carga é removida ou o material é aquecido. Assim, pode-se utilizar esse fenômeno para construir atuadores leves e silenciosos, como verdadeiros músculos metálicos. O desenvolvimento de atuadores com as SMAs apresenta grande atrativo para diversos campos da engenharia, principalmente na área de robótica, substituindo os atuadores convencionais de grande peso e ruidosos, como motores, válvulas solenóides, etc. Entretanto, para o bom desempenho de atuadores SMA requer-se um complexo sistema de controle e resfriamento, reduzindo-se o tempo de resposta do atuador e minimizando-se os efeitos da histerese. Neste trabalho, propõe-se um inovador sistema de resfriamento, baseado em pastilha termo-elétrica (efeito Seebeck-Peltier). Este método possui a vantagem de ser mais compacto e simples que outros métodos de resfriamento forçado. Um modelo matemático completo foi também desenvolvido, e um protótipo experimental foi construído. Diversos experimentos foram utilizados para a validação do modelo e para a identificação de todos seus parâmetros. Analisou-se então a aplicabilidade de um controle de posição baseado em algoritmo PID, utilizando-se diversos métodos de ajuste de ganhos. Verificou-se um desempenho razoável, com uma largura de banda em malha fechada de aproximadamente 0,37Hz. Em seguida, desenvolveu-se um sistema de controle de posição baseado em teoria de modos deslizantes (sliding mode control), que utiliza o modelo matemático do sistema e leva em conta as não linearidades existentes. Embora matematicamente mais complexo, obteve-se um desempenho superior ao PID, com largura de banda de 0,69Hz. Diversos experimentos confirmaram também a robustez deste controlador e seu bom desempenho na presença de distúrbios. / Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) consist of a group of metallic materials that demonstrate the ability to return to some previously defined shape when subjected to the appropriate thermal cycle, due to shift in the materials crystalline structure. The change that occurs within SMAs crystalline structure is not a thermodynamically reversible process and results in hysteresis behavior. The key feature of these materials is the ability to undergo large plastic strains and subsequently recover these strains when a load is removed or the material is heated. Such property can be used to build silent and light actuators, similar to a mechanical muscular fiber. SMA actuators have several advantages in several engineering fields, mainly in robotics, replacing the conventional actuators like motors or solenoids. However, the good performance of the SMA actuator depends on a complex control and cooling systems, reducing the time constant and minimizing the effects of hysteresis. In the present work, a novel cooling system is proposed, based on thermo-electric effect (Seebeck-Peltier effect). Such method has the advantage of reduced weight and requires a simpler control strategy compared to other forced cooling systems. A complete mathematical model of the actuator was also derived, and an experimental prototype was implemented. Several experiments were used to validate the model and to identify all parameters. A PID position control system was developed and implemented in the prototype, using several tuning methods. A good performance was obtained, with a cut-off frequency of 0.37Hz. A position controller based on sliding mode theory was then developed, using the mathematical model of the system and taking into account the non-linear effects. Although such controller presents a more complex mathematical derivation, a better performance was obtained, with a cut-off frequency of 0.69Hz. Several experiments confirmed the robustness and disturbance filtering properties of the sliding mode controller.
85

Couches minces d'alliages à mémoire de forme Ni2MnGa / The film of shape memory alloys Niindex2MnGa

Bernard, Florent 08 January 2015 (has links)
De nos jours, l’essor de la miniaturisation est un paramètre clé pour la réalisation de microsystèmesde plus en plus complexes. Les recherches sur l’élaboration de matériaux « intelligents », onttoujours suscité un grand intérêt. Dans ce cadre, on se propose d’étudier l’alliage à mémoirede forme magnétique Ni2MnGa sous la forme de couche mince. Ce matériau a la propriétéparticulière de répondre aux sollicitations mécaniques, thermiques et magnétiques. Le couplage deces effets permettrait l’élaboration de micro-actionneurs usuellement réalisés à partir d’assemblagescomplexes. Cette étude pluridisciplinaire traite de l’influence des paramètres d’élaboration sur lespropriétés fonctionnelles des couches minces. L’originalité de ce travail de thèse réside dansl’emploi de substrats en silicium dans la perspective d’une transposition technologique. Un procédéd’élaboration par PVD a été qualifié afin d’obtenir un film aux propriétés AMF magnétique / Nowadays, the miniaturization development is a key parameter in order to fabricate increasinglycomplex microsystems. Research on smart materials aroused a great interest. In this context, westudy the magnetic shape memory alloy Ni2MnGa as a thin layer. This material can be activatedby mechanical, thermal and magnetic stresses. The coupling of these effects would allow thedevelopment of micro-actuators usually made from complex assemblies. This multidisciplinary studyfocuses on the impact of the process on the functional properties of thin films. The originality of thiswork lies in the use of silicon substrates in the context of a technological implementation. A methoddeveloped by PVD was qualified to obtain a film with magnetic shape memory alloy properties.
86

Matériaux composites à base d'alliage à mémoire de forme et pyro-/piézoélectrique pour la récupération d'énergie thermique / Composite materials on the basis of a shape memory alloy & a pyro/piezoelectric material for thermal energy harvesting

Zakharov, Dmitry 20 February 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse étudie expérimentalement la possibilité de récupérer l'énergie thermique en utilisant un alliage à mémoire de forme (AMF) couplé à un matériau pyro-/piézoélectrique. Cette méthode est prometteuse pour récupérer les variations lentes et petites de température. Les premiers prototypes de récupérateurs d'énergie ont été fabriqués et ont démontré pouvoir produire une énergie spécifique intéressante. Les technologies de dépôt de couches d'AMF Ti-Ni-Cu micro-structurées ont été développées. Ce travail servira de base pour la future fabrication de micro-récupérateurs d'énergie thermique exploitant des AMFs. / This thesis experimentally studies the possibility of thermal energy harvesting using coupled shape memory alloy (SMA)and pyro-/piezoelectric material. This method is promising for harvesting slow & small temperature variations. First prototypes of energy harvesters were fabricated and their ability to produce a considerable amount of specific energy was shown. Technologies of Ti-Ni-Cu SMA thin layer deposition & patterning were developed. This work will serve as a base for future fabrication of chip-scale thermal energy harvesters exploiting SMAs.
87

Création de structures actives à l'aide d'alliages à mémoire de forme / Creation of active structures using shape memory alloys

Waibaye, Adoum 12 September 2016 (has links)
Les alliages à mémoire de forme (AMF) sont des matériaux métalliques qui présentent des propriétés thermomécaniques particulières, et notamment l’effet mémoire de forme. L’étude réalisée durant la thèse concerne la création de systèmes actifs double-sens à l'aide de fils AMF à effet mémoire simple-sens. Trois modèles analogiques simples, représentant trois catégories de solutions constructives, ont été développés. Ces modèles correspondent à des types de couplages mécaniques différents entre un (ou des) fil(s) AMF et une structure mécanique. Par exemple, le modèle le plus simple consiste à utiliser un unique fil AMF couplé à un système mécanique constitué d’une structure monolithique déformable. Lorsque l’on chauffe l’AMF, on active l’effet mémoire de forme, ce qui entraîne une déformation de la structure. Lorsque l’on refroidit l’AMF, la rigidité propre de la structure entraîne une déformation dans le sens inverse à celui de la phase de chauffage. Plusieurs démonstrateurs ont été également construits et analysés durant la thèse. Cette étude montre la possibilité de concevoir des structures actives pilotées par des AMF, ce qui ouvre des perspectives pour le contrôle des déformations ou des contraintes dans des structures. / Shape memory alloys (SMA) are metallic materials that have particular thermomechanical properties, including the shape memory effect. The study carried out during the thesis concerns the creation of two-way active systems using SMA wires exhibiting one-way memory effect. Three simple analog models, representing three classes of constructive solutions, have been developed. These models correspond to different types of mechanical coupling between one (or more) SMA wire(s) and a mechanical structure. For example, the simplest configuration is a single SMA wire coupled to a mechanical system consisting of a deformable monolithic structure. When the SMA is heated, the shape memory effect is activated, which causes the deformation of the structure. When cooling the SMA, the inherent rigidity of the structure causes a deformation in the opposite direction to that of the heating phase. Several demonstrators were also constructed and analyzed during the thesis. This study demonstrates the possibility of designing active structures driven by SMAs, which opens prospects for the control of deformations or stresses in structures.
88

Melt pool size modeling and experimental validation for single laser track during LPBF process of NiTi alloy

Javanbakht, Reza January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
89

Innovative Self-Centering Connection for CCFT Composite Columns

Gao, Yu 27 January 2016 (has links)
Concrete filled steel tubes are regarded as ideal frame members in seismic resisting systems, as they combine large axial and flexural capacity with ductility. The combination of the two materials increases the strength of the confined concrete and avoids premature local buckling of the steel tube. These benefits are more prominent for circular than for rectangular concrete filled steel tubes. However, most common connection configurations for circular concrete filled tubes are not economic in the US market due to (a) the desire of designers to use only fully restrained connections and its associated (b) high cost of fabrication and field welding. Research indicates that well designed partially restrained connections can supply equal or even better cyclic behavior. Partially restrained connections also possess potential capability to develop self-centering system, which has many merits in seismic design. The goal of this research is to develop a new connection configuration between circular concrete filled steel columns and conventional W steel beams. The new connection configuration is intended to provide another option for rapid assembling on site with low erection costs. The proposed connection is based on an extended stiffened end plate that utilizes through rods. The rods are a combination of conventional steel and shape memory alloy that provide both energy dissipation and self-centering capacity. The new connection configuration should be workable for large beam sizes and can be easily expanded to a biaxial bending moment connection. / Ph. D.
90

Shape Memory Alloy / Glass Composite Seal for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Story, Christopher B. 24 May 2007 (has links)
Widespread use of solid oxide fuel cells is hindered by a lack of long-term durability of seals between metallic and ceramic components caused by thermal expansion mismatch induced cracking. A novel gas seal design incorporating an engineered thermal expansion gradient in a SrO-La₂O₃-A₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ glass matrix with a TiNiHf shape memory alloy mesh for active stress relief and crack healing is being developed. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) measurements of the seal and fuel cell components shows the possibility for a thermal expansion gradient. Differential scanning calorimetry and microscopy have shown that the TiNiHf alloy has a shape memory transition in the desired range of 200-250ºC. The oxide glass partially crystallizes during thermal cycling which has been observed through X-ray diffraction and dilatometry. The CTE decreases from 9.3Ã 10-6/°C to 6.6Ã 10-6/°C after thermal cycling. Neutron diffraction data from TiNiHf /glass composite samples reveals that the TiNiHf alloy has the ability of absorbing residual stresses from a glass matrix during martensitic phase transition. There is evidence from microscopy that the glass composition is important in determining if reaction will occur with the TiNiHf alloy. The TiNiHf alloy mesh structures can be created using the 3D printing process. This process has been adapted to allow for printing of very thin wire mesh structures of Ni and NiTi powders with a more suitable binder solution. A bi-layer test fixture has been developed which will be useful for assessing leak rate through seal materials. / Master of Science

Page generated in 0.0926 seconds