Yes / Transboundary Peace Parks are established along international borders surrounded by biodiversity that needs to be protected, particularly in regions that were devastated as consequence of internal or international conflicts. They are conceived as peacebuilding strategies to bring former enemies together through the joint management of the shared environment. This dissertation explores the effectiveness of Transboundary Peace Parks in promoting more cooperative and peaceful inter-State relations. In order to demonstrate such effectiveness, three initiatives will be analyzed: Cordillera del Cóndor between Ecuador and Peru, the Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration between Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Rwanda and Uganda and the Balkans Peace Park Project (B3P) involving Albania, Kosovo/a and Montenegro. The concepts State sovereignty, borders and territory will be analyzed in this dissertation since they are key factors to take in account when establishing a Transboundary Peace Park. Apart from States, the involvement of local communities is essential when developing these initiatives. The participation of other stakeholders such as NGOs, international organizations and private donors, is also vital for the success of these initiatives. This dissertation also aims to draw the attention to the positive effects of Peace Parks in their area of influence since they receive mostly criticism.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T13:24:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1491135 bytes, checksum: a2db08f0e7806e5d3675b926779be199 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T13:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1491135 bytes, checksum: a2db08f0e7806e5d3675b926779be199 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study proposes a research on classical theory of equal opportunities. The expression information related to educational opportunities and income. For this purpose, are used four different databases associated with some empirical strategies. Thus, this study was divided into three stages: i) in the first, it appears the intergenerational transmission level of education in several economies. In addition, measures to indirect influence of environmental factors on individual effort expended. Moreover, clears up what the effect of a socio-economic growth in the test result; ii) in the second stage, we highlight the role of social and economic characteristics in educational performance. In particular, it appears the indirect influence of parental education on individual results. And finally, in the last step, it investigates the option called luck has deterministic influence on individual results. The results show different patterns of intergenerational transmission of education. In short, shall discharge to low levels of educational transmission in South American countries. On the other hand, there is a significant effect of the circumstances of the individual employee effort and a strong involvement of social and economic characteristics in educational performance. Finally, there was a substantial portion of luck option in determining the income, but also an important contribution of unobservable characteristics in individual economic results. / Este estudo propõe uma investigação sobre a clássica teoria de igualdade de oportunidades. Consideram-se informações referentes às oportunidades educacionais e de renda. Para tanto, utilizam-se quatro bases de dados distintas associadas a algumas estratégias empíricas. Diante disso, este estudo foi dividido em três etapas: i) na primeira, verifica-se o nível de transmissão intergeracional da educação em diversas economias. Adicionalmente, mensura-se a influência indireta de fatores circunstanciais sobre o esforço individual despendido. Além do mais, apura-se qual o efeito de um incremento socioeconômico no resultado do teste; ii) na segunda etapa, destaca-se o papel das características sociais e econômicas no desempenho educacional. Em especial, verifica-se a influência indireta da educação parental sobre o resultado individual. E, por fim, na última etapa, investiga-se se a denominada sorte opção tem influência determinística no resultado individual. Os resultados encontrados apontam diferentes padrões de transmissão intergeracional da educação. Em síntese, apuram-se baixos níveis de transmissão educacional nos países sul-americanos. Por outro lado, observa-se um efeito significativo das circunstâncias sobre o esforço individual empregado e uma forte participação das características sociais e econômicas no desempenho educacional. Por último, constatou-se uma parcela substancial da sorte opção na determinação da renda, como também, uma importante contribuição das características não observáveis no resultado econômico individual.