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Ce doctorat repose sur l'utilisation de Glycymeris glycymeris, un bivalve de la famille des Glycymerididae, pour reconstruire la variabilité environnementale en rade de Brest (France). Il vise à comparer des données géochimiques archivées dans ces coquilles avec diverses variables biologiques et écologiques. Les objectifs sont d'identifier de potentiels proxys et d'étendre notre connaissance de la variabilité environnementale avant les premières mesures instrumentales.Au total, 38 spécimens (vivants ou morts) ont été utilisés pour construire une chronologie s'étendant de 1891 à 2014.Les indices de croissance standardisés suggèrent que la croissance coquillière est principalement influencée par le débit de l'Elorn, la salinité et la matière particulaire en suspension.Des analyses isotopiques, réalisées sur les portions juvéniles de 24 spécimens, mettent en évidence que les variations de δ18Oaragonite enregistrent fidèlement la température de surface, permettant sa reconstruction sur 45 ans en rade de Brest. En terme de forçage climatique, ces variations de température en rade semblent contrôlées par le gyre subpolaire et l'East Atlantic Pattern.Cinq coquilles (3 d'âge inférieur à 10 ans et 2 âgées de 45 ans) ont ensuite été analysées pour leurs concentrations en strontium et magnésium par LA-ICP-MSLes concentrations en Mg et Sr, quant à elles, sont positivement corrélées à la température de l'eau à une échelle sub-annuelle, mais négativement à l'échelle annuelle.Cette étude met en lumière le potentiel de G. glycymeris comme archive de la variabilité climatique et environnementale en rade de Brest. Du fait du nombre important de spécimens sub-fossiles en rade, cette thèse fournit une base de travail pour l'extension de ces reconstructions dans un passé encore plus lointain. / This PhD thesis uses Glycymeris glycymeris, a temperate bivalve in the Glycymerididae family, to reconstruct environmental variability in the Bay of Brest, France. This work comprises of geochemical data archived within shells, compared with several biological and ecological variables. The aims of this study were to assess for potential proxies and expand environmental knowledge prior to local observational records.Thirty-eight live- and dead-collected specimens were used to create a chronology spanning 1891 to 2014. When the standardised growth index was correlated with local environmental factors, it showed that the predominant drivers of growth were Elorn inflow, salinity and suspended particulate matter.Isotopic analysis was undertaken on the juvenile increments of 24 shells. Our results highlight that variations in δ18Oaragonite accurately record local sea surface temperatures, leading to the creation of a 45-year SST reconstruction for the Bay of Brest. Correlations between this and climate forcings show that SSTs in this area are controlled by the subpolar gyre and the East Atlantic Pattern.Five shells (three under the age of 10 and two aged 45) were analysed using a LA-ICP-MS to determine the quantity of strontium and magnesium. Mg and Sr intensities are positively correlated with temperature sub-annually, but on an annual scale there is a negative correlation.This study conveys the potential of G. glycymeris as an archive of climatic and environmental variability in the Bay of Brest. As there are a large number of sub-fossil specimens in the area, this study also provides an anchored base for expansion further back in time.

We developed a three-step colloidal synthesis of near-infrared active Cu-In-Se (CISe)/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals (NCs) via a sequential partial cation exchange. In the first step binary highly copper deficient Cu2‒xSe NCs were synthesized, followed by a partial cation exchange of copper to indium ions yielding CISe NCs. In order to enhance the stability and the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the NCs, a subsequent ZnS shell was grown, resulting in CISe/ZnS core/shell NCs. These core/shell hetero-NCs exhibited a dramatic increase in size and a restructuring to trigonal pyramidal particles. The reaction parameters, e.g. the Cu:Se-ratio, the temperature and the time were carefully tuned enabling a distinct control over the size and the composition of the NCs. By varying only the size of the CISe/ZnS NCs (from 9 to 18 nm) the PL spectra could be tuned covering a wide range with maxima from 990 nm to 1210 nm. Thus, in these experiments we demonstrate a clear dependence of the optical properties of these materials on their size and extend the PL range of CISe-based nanoparticles further to the infrared part of the spectrum. Furthermore, the relatively large size of these NCs allows their detailed structural analysis via electron microscopy techniques, which is particularly challenging in the case of small particles and especially important to relate the size, composition and crystal structure to their optoelectronic properties.