A detailed study has been made of the distribution of lead on a public shotgun range in the George Washington-Jefferson National Forests in southwestern Virginia. Sampling of more than 100 sites has yielded data on the distribution pattern of the lead shot. Since opening in 1993 through 2000, 11.1 metric tons of lead has accumulated over an area 220 by 300 m (66,000 m2) with an average rate of accumulation of 1.4 metric tons per year. More than 85 % of the total dispersed lead lies scattered in the forest that surrounds the approximately 60 by 60 m cleared shooting surface. Lead is irregularly distributed because of the use of stationary targets and the general trajectory of launched clay targets. Maximum concentrations occur at distances of about 28 m about 80 m, and at about 180 m reach a maximum value of more than 5000 g per m2. Significant amounts of fine particulate lead, generated during shooting and as a result of impact occur close to the shooting box but absent at distances beyond 50 m. / Master of Science

Shooting ranges concentrate significant quantities of heavy metals, especially lead as spent shot and bullets, on very small parcels of land. Samples taken from a shooting range near Blacksburg, VA, USA provide information about the reservoirs and pathways of lead at shooting ranges in an upland setting and humid environment. Metallic lead corrodes rapidly and develops a coating of corrosion products. The type and amount of corrosion products found on lead shot and bullets are best understood through examination of Eh-pH relationships. X-ray diffraction analysis identified hydrocerussite (Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂) as the corrosion phase present on lead shot recovered from the range. Hydrocerussite dissolution can produce soluble lead concentrations ranging from 2 ppb to 2 ppm for the soil pH values at this site. This soluble lead is captured by the soil. Sequential chemical extractions revealed that vertical lead migration beyond the A-horizon was minimal. The bound-to-Fe & Mn oxides and bound-to-carbonates soil fractions were identified as significant reservoirs for sequestration of lead in the soil. The highest concentration of extractable lead contained in the soil was directly correlated with the highest concentration of lead shot and bullets measured on the shotgun range surface. The geochemical framework for understanding the corrosion process, identifying the corrosion product(s) that control lead solubility, and identifying the geochemical barriers to lead migration that were employed at the Blacksburg, VA shotgun range, provides a basis for selecting best management practices for this and other shooting ranges. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether water protection areas with nearby shooting ranges could be polluted by lead from ammunition or not. The goal was to make a risk assessment of the hazard for human health and the environment. The risk assessment leads to a classification of the shooting ranges. The work of the inventory was done according to the method developed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, called “Methodology for Inventory of Polluted Areas”. The report contains two types of studies: one literature study and one practical study where interviews were conducted along with a visit to one of the shooting ranges. The results show that one shooting range was considered to be of high risk to the environment because of the high activity that accumulated several tons of lead and the shooting range’s nearness to a water treatment plant. The other two shooting ranges were smaller and not too close to a drinking water source. Therefore the risks were moderate. Conclusions drawn from this report is that water protection areas within nearby shooting ranges are exposed to potential pollution from lead, but the risks aren’t immediate. Probably will time play an important role to prevent lead spreading to the ground water. Because of its attributes, lead has low mobility under normal conditions.  The vertical transport in the ground is considered slow and it could take hundreds of years before it reaches ground water.

The aim if the thesis is to define the repairs and maintenance of a building structure - shooting range in Brno, its technical assessment and assessment in terms of safety, hygiene environment, fire safety and ecology. The thesis also defines comprehensive list of activities necessary to be done within the repairs and maintenance for this building construction and includes analysis of costs on these repairs and maintenance activities.

No description available.

Main goal of diploma work "Feasibility Study of Shooting Range for Tactical Shooting and Gun and Ammunition Store" was discovered, if the project is realizable and in which conditions. Used methodology is text analysis mostly of laws, but also expert texts and publications. Next used methodology is collecting and evaluation of information, which relate with establishment and operation of a shooting range and gun shop, also with creation of a financial plan from different sources. The work closely engage in necessary factors for successful establishment of a shooting range and gun shop, feasibility study, investment and operational costs, incomes, balance sheet, profit and loss statement, basic financial indicators and cash flow. End of the work contains report of feasibility which is summarized benefits and threats of the project.

The main purpose of this project is to design and implement a system for controlling targets on a shooting range. This consists of the main control unit and some motor-turning targets. Both control unit and targets are battery powered and use wireless data transfer. This work describes the selection of the proper platform for wireless communication and design of the hardware and software part of the system in relation to low price and high reliability of the equipment. The conclusion of this work should be the system for practical use.

The purpose of this study was to assess the metal content present in pine needles collected from an old shooting range known for elevated lead levels in the soil by different analytical methods. The focus on conifers originated from their evergreen nature year-round, and their ability to absorb potentially harmful elements. Research on needles as biomonitors for environmental contamination, particularly in areas affected by heavy metal pollution, has gained significant global attention. Four trees, two Norway spruces (Picea abies), and two Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) were identified within the designated area. Samples of conifer needles were collected in plastic bags. The needles underwent washing, drying, and grinding into powder for subsequent digestion method and quantitative determination of metal content using ICP-MS and MPAES. The study focused on elements commonly found in various types of ammunition, specifically manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, antimony, and lead. Results obtained from both analytical methods, which was only manganese, showed statistically significant differences. During the analysis, only manganese could be quantified using MPAES, as the other analytes were below the detection limit. For ICP-MS, the LOD values were much lower, making this method more suitable, as all analytes were above LOD and could be quantified. The recovery values for the CRM were good for all elements when ICP-MS was utilized. However, the calculated recovery value for manganese decreased based on the results obtained from MPAES compared to the calculated recovery value for manganese based on the results obtained from ICP-MS. Interestingly, the analysis of conifer needles revealed no noticeable contamination from the shooting range. Instead, it highlighted variances among different pine needle species. The metal content in the pine needles remained within acceptable limits according to external literature sources.

The subject of my diploma thesis is sports centre. There are 3 establishments. Main establishment is shooting range. Others are gun store and café. Floor 1S is almost completely under terrain and is designed with cast-in-place concrete. Ceiling above floor 1S is designed with cast-in-place concrete slab. Floor 1NP is designed with aerated concrete blocks with ventilated facade. Ceiling above 1NP is designed with prestressed concrete floor slabs. Roof was designed as flat roof with growing layer. The drawings were processed in a computer program ArchiCad.

The aim of this master thesis is multi-criteria assessment SBToolCZ of the building district department for Czech police in Kyjov. The building has a basement with underground garages, shooting range and technical facilities (boiler room, air conditioning room, storage, archives, cleaning room), and a ground floor with offices covered by a flat roof. The load-bearing structure of the basement is designed from watertight reinforced concrete. The ground floor has ceramic block walls. The floor and roof structure are designed from pre-stressed Spiroll. The building envelope is insulated with ETICS. The thesis also contains project documentation of building and HVAC design. The project was carried out in the AutoCad programme. Project documentation was prepared according to valid legal and technical regulations.