by Lau Kin-Man, Clement, Leung Sau-Fong, Marie. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-51). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background of Shopping Centre Research --- p.2 / Aim of Research Study --- p.4 / Plan of Research Report --- p.4 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Land and Real Property --- p.6 / Characteristics of Real Property Market --- p.8 / Theory of Economic Rent --- p.11 / Literature on Determinants of Shopping Centre Rents --- p.15 / Rating and Valuation Department of Hong Kong --- p.20 / Chapter III --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Empirical Model --- p.23 / Definition of Variables --- p.27 / Sample Data --- p.31 / Chapter IV --- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS --- p.34 / Multiple Linear Regression Model --- p.34 / Determinants of Shopping Centre Rents --- p.36 / Anomalous Results --- p.45 / Chapter V --- CONCLUSION --- p.47 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

The economic growth rapidly, the shopping behaviour and the preferences of the customer also change a lot, therefore the intensive competition among the shopping centre and more awareness of the importance of customer service and customer retention in shopping centre. The goal and objectives of this study is to evaluate the shopping centre management in Hong Kong and used a case study "APM" as an example to illustrate the success of shopping centers. Also identify the effectiveness of provision of planning, customer services, marketing and promotion strategy etc ... factors about the shopping centre management, which enhance the customer retention to the shopping centre. The scope of study of this dissertation is to investigate that the APM in Kwun Tong as a case study to illustrate the customer retention and shopping center management factors and the background information of Kwun Tong District and its future development. In this dissertation, data were collected through site visit and survey in order to find out the major component on shopping centers management. Site visits of shopping centers were carried out to observe the shopping centre management, customer services component provision of shopping centers in Hong Kong .A case studies of APM and a questionnaire survey were conducted to analysis the customer services behaviour and the management provision in the shopping centers to have an in depth study on the effect on customer retention and shopping centers management provision in Hong Kong. In this study, quantitative research method would be involved. Primary quantitative data will be collected from questionnaires surveys to identify the shopping center management factors. The structured questionnaires and non-probability samples will be carried out at the APM. Through this study, it was found that the different types of customers have different expectations on shopping center management. Shopping centre managers should also identifY their target customers, understand the customer shopping preference and their needs, and then provide the different marketing strategy to attract and satisfy their target customers. In conclusion, the successful shopping centre should provide good shopping centers management and comfortable shopping environment to attract and retain more customers, which can enhance the image and return of the shopping centre. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Privatization refers to the shift of ownership of a property or service from the public sector to the private sector. It has often been used as a technique to increase the efficiency, release the costs of operations and generate income from selling off the assets. Privatizing the public properties will affect the society in different ways, both positively and negatively. There are many examples of privatization of public properties around the globe and in Hong Kong. For people in Hong Kong, privatizing the commercial properties of Hong Kong Housing Authority (HKHA) by The Link Real Estate Investment Trust (The Link REIT) in November 2005 would be the latest and most well-known example of privatization of public properties and the case will be further studied in this research in order to find out the effects on the society which are caused by the privatization of public properties. The properties which are now owned by The Link REIT are divided into three groups according to their size, and one shopping centres will be picked randomly from each group. The nearest HKHA shopping centres to the three selected The Link REIT shopping centres will be picked as comparisons. Questionnaire, interviews and goods prices comparisons will take places in those shopping centres. Findings from the research have proved that there are different impacts on the shoppers and tenants of the privatized shopping centres when comparing to those shopping centres still owned by HKHA. Some of the differences are positive while some are negative. These differences mainly occur on the environment, property management, rent level and prices level. As expected, the management of The Link REIT shopping centres has better comment but the shoppers and tenants are not pleased with the prices level and rent level. On the other hand, the financial status of HKHA before and after The Link REIT's privatization has also been studied in this research and it proves that selling off the commercial properties to The Link REIT did help HK.HA to overcome the financial difficulty. It is believed that the negative impacts are the "side effect" of privatization which could not be really eliminated, but should be able to mitigate. Hence, several recommendations have been made which are mainly about improving the public relations between The Link REIT and the public as well as the way the company adjusts the rent level. ii / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

This paper aims to understand the customer satisfaction between Mainland shoppers and Local Shoppers regarding the shopping centre in HK. It will be reviewed and analyzed based on shopping centre management theories. Apart from finding out the shopping behavior of mainland shoppers and Hong Kong shoppers, we would like to understand their customer satisfaction on different customer services aspects. Data was collected through questionnaire. Survey of two shopping centres were carried out to understand the customer satisfaction. In-depth study on the customer satisfaction between Mainlanders and Hong Kong people is then carried out. It was found that Mainland shoppers and local shoppers have different expectation in different customer services aspects. For example, Mainlander thinks that prices of the products in both shopping centre - Harbour City and Landmark North is reasonable. However, local shoppers think that the product in Landmark North is expensive. Also, the Mainland shoppers think that both the shopping centre provide a wide range of product for them. However, Hong Kong people expects the variety of product are not enough in both the shopping centre. On the other hand, they both appreciate the high customer service performance in Hong Kong. In conclusion, Hong Kong and Mainlander appreciate a wider range of shops in term of price, product category and exhibition. Shopping centre managers should provide a comfortable environment which could enhance the shopping experience of the customer. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Shopping centres play important roles in the public rental housing estate system. They function as socio-economic mediums among local residents. According to Hong Kong Housing Authority (HKHA), the Hong Kong government (the government) provides rent supplements with local tenants to encourage them to develop their own businesses. As a result, local and small-scaled businesses have been developing steadily. Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) is a private-subsidized housing scheme implemented by HKHA. The sale of HOS‟s housing units is HKHA‟s major source of income. Yet, the government suspended HOS because of the financial crises broken out in 1997, which reduced HKHA‟s revenues dramatically. Despite the fact that the demand of rental public housing was increasing, HKHA had inadequate resources for public housing development. Thereupon, the government decided to privatize their assets (shopping centres, market stalls, cooked food stalls and car parks) by transferring them to a private sector – The Link Real Estate Investment Trust (The Link). Privatization is a common economic tool for governments that can increase revenues in a short period. Nonetheless, privatization has numerous negative impacts. Before privatization, the social and political parties had a hostile attitude towards privatization. They doubted whether The Link would change the existing business strategies and focus on profit maximization through increasing the rent from tenants unreasonably. Nevertheless, HKHA decided to privatize its assets in November 2005. The Link has been taking the overall management role in the privatized assets for almost 9 years. It has been criticized for over-emphasizing on business maximization by sacrificing public and social interests. This study is to discuss and evaluate the socio-economic impacts of privatization and The Link on the public estates. Questionnaires for the visitors and tenants, observations for the social events of The Link and searched for the news and annual reports of The Link had been carried out for evaluating the actual social and economic impacts from the daily operations of The Link. The results show that both of the positive and negative aspects of the social and economic impacts are caused by The Link after privatized the assets from HKHA. It is encouraged that the government and the service provider should review the effectiveness of the progress. In addition, those negative impacts which caused by privatization can be turned to be positive if the government and the private sectors work together on regular review and continuous improvements. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Shopping is a daily necessary activity to most of the people in Hong Kong. From the old days when people went shopping in the bazaars to the recent days when most people go shopping in shopping centres, the dominant mode of shopping changed. The effects brought by different kinds of shopping facilities to people are worth studying. It is not difficult to observe the trend that old retail developments in old districts are mainly shopping streets while new retail developments in new towns are mainly shopping centres. Some voices from the public are pushing the retaining of old street shops and old street cultures despite the property developers tend to build shopping centres in their new projects. The benefits from shopping streets and shopping centres to shoppers and developers have been studied in this dissertation by empirical and conceptual background study, survey to shoppers and shop operators and information provided by property agents and employees of private developers. From socialization point of view, the comprehensive tenant mix and comfortable shopping environment in shopping centres attract shoppers to stay longer in shopping centres than in shopping streets which increase the chance of interaction among shoppers thus improve their level of social lives. However, the stability of shops and shop operators in shops at shopping streets is beneficial to building up community strength within the neighbourhood. The relationships among shoppers and shop operators and among shop operators in shopping streets are stronger than that in shopping centres. For the benefits other than socialization aspect, shops in shopping streets provide cheaper goods due to the relatively lower rents and lower overhead costs in shopping streets while shopping centres provide better accessibility and better facilities due to their better management. For the benefits to developers, developing shopping centres is beneficial to them in the ways of increasing their rental income when leasing retail premises and boosting the selling prices of residential properties where shopping centre is a bundle of the development. In some of the projects of official organizations, such as Urban Renewal Authority, we can see that benefits from these two shopping facilities can be merged together. For example, the design of shopping streets and the buildings around and setting up greenery areas along shopping streets can improve the air-conditioning problem and improve the attractiveness of staying to shoppers. Private developers also introduced old shops to their shopping centres. Product prices of old shops remain the same in shopping centre as in shopping streets. However, the relationship among shoppers and shop operators cannot be copied easily even if the old shop signs are the same. Time is needed for building the strength within a community. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning