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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluation of flexibility in hydropower stations

Crona, Mats January 2012 (has links)
This report seeks to evaluate the flexibility in a number of Fortum’s hydropower stations. The deregulation of the Nordic electricity market has put an emphasis on revenue maximizing rather than cost minimizing and there are good indications that flexible assets will be even more valuable in the future when more wind power has been introduced into the system. Through interviews with people involved in the hydropower planning and operation process a number of factors with the potential of affecting the flexibility or causing deviations between planned and realized operation have been identified and explained. These interviews have also been used to identify main flexibility limitations in studied stations, and what potentially could be done to improve the flexibility. A data analysis has been performed where historical data from planned and realized operation and results from a model developed in Matlab has been studied. The developed linear programming model is used as a reference level of an idealized theoretical potential for flexibility. Volume weighted average prices have been used to measure and compare the flexibility of studied stations. The analysis shows that the studied stations can be divided into two groups with regards to their flexibility compared to the modeled flexibility. This result is somewhat confirmed by the interview findings. Factors related to constraints imposed by water rights seem to have the biggest single impact on the flexibility of hydropower stations. The potential for flexible operation varies with season and the planned and realized operation is closer to the modeled results during the winter. It is a general opinion within the organization that there is a potential for a more flexible utilization of many hydropower stations. Experience, resources, understanding in how to fully utilize the reservoirs, and how multiple stations in a river reach can be coordinated are keys to improving the flexibility.
2

Jämförelse av regleringsmönster i en reglerad och en oreglerad älv / Comparison of regulation pattern in one regulated and one unregulated river

Hansson, Anton January 2018 (has links)
Vid produktion av el med hjälp av vattenkraft regleras vattenflödet i vattendraget för att producera den mängd el som marknaden efterfrågar för stunden. Detta gör att vattenflödet blir annorlunda i en reglerad älv jämfört med en oreglerad älv. Därför analyseras och jämförs skillnaderna i vattenföringen mellan en reglerad och en oreglerad älv i den här rapporten. Det gjordes med hjälp av flödesdata från två mätstationer i finska älvar, en med reglerat flöde och en med oreglerat. Utifrån flödesdatat beräknades tre olika parametrar i olika tidsskalor, månad, dag och timme, för att undersöka olikaregleringsmönster i älvarna. När flödesskillnaderna analyserats i de olika tidsskalorna konstaterades att skillnaderna i regleringsmönster blev större desto kortare tidshorisont som analyserades. I månadsperspektivet varregleringsmönster nästan lika medan i dags- och timperspektivet var det stora skillnader. I dagsperspektivet som analyserades med parametern HP1 var värdena i genomsnitt ungefär 20 gångerhögre för den reglerade älven än den oreglerade och i timperspektivet som analyserades med parameter HP2 var värdena ungefär 40–50 gånger högre i genomsnitt i den reglerade älven jämförtmed den oreglerade. Att värdena i den reglerade älven är så mycket högre beror på att flödet regleras till att optimera elproduktionen vilket gör att flödesskillnaderna under en dag och mellan två timmar blir betydligt större jämfört med flödesskillnaderna i den naturliga vattenföringen som finns i den oreglerade älven. När vårfloden kommer händer något intressant med regleringsmönstret. Mönstret i de två älvarna närmar sig varandra och blir mer lika. Värdena på parametrarna i den oreglerade älven ökar medan de minskar kraftigt i den reglerade älven. Att värdena i den reglerade älven minskar beror sannolikt på den ökade risken för dammbrott och översvämningar på grund av de högre vattenflödena, vilketberor på begränsningar i lagringskapaciteten. Regleringsmönstret skiljer sig från år till år vilket beror på nederbördsmängden och hur fyllda magasinen är vid årets början. Vid jämförelse av resultatet med en annan rapport som analyserat samma parametrar på en älv i Schweiz, kan samma trender i mönstret ses men vissa skillnader finns också vilket indikerar på de lokala förhållandenas påverkan på regleringsmönstret. / Hydro Power is one of the most important producer of electricity and to optimize the production hydropeaking is used. Hydropeaking means regulation of the discharge to produce the amount of electricity the market demands at the time. In this study the regulation pattern has been analyzed and compared in one observation station in a regulated river and one observation station in an unregulated river, in Finland. Flow data has been analyzed with regards to three different statistic parameters. One parameter that analyzes the regulation per month, one that analyzes the regulation per day and one that analyzes per hour. The result shows that the smaller the time interval is the bigger are the differences in the regulation pattern. In the month perspective the value of the parameter is almost the same, in the day perspective the values for the regulated river is approximative 10-20 times bigger than the unregulated. And in the hour perspective it is even bigger differences where the value in the regulated river is around 40-50 times bigger than for the unregulated. The reason to the higher values on the parameters in the regulated river comes from that the discharge here is regulated to optimize the production of electricity which makes the differences in the discharger higher within the day and between two hours.When the spring flood comes something interesting happens with the regulation pattern. The regulation pattern in the two rivers becomes more similar. In the unregulated river the value of the parameters increases meanwhile the values in the regulated river decreases. The reason the short time regulation decreases in the regulated river is probably because of the higher risk of flooding, due to limitations of the capacity to store water, which comes with higher discharges. The regulation pattern got some differences between the years which depends on the amount of rain and the levels in the storing magazines by the start of the year. When the results in this thesis are compared with the results of another report which analyzes the same parameters in Switzerland, the same pattern can be seen in general but also some differences which indicates on the local conditions impact on the pattern.

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