The purpose of this study was to further investigate the relationship between patterns of shoulder movement and muscular response. Thirteen females were tested against maximal manual resistance in twelve different patterns, eight straight plane, and four diagonal. Five of the six subjects who met established kinematic criteria were used for electromyographic (EMG) analysis of the anterior deltoid (AD), the middle deltoid, the posteroir deltoid (PD), and the pectoralis major. No significant differences were found between number of muscles solicited or duration of muscular effort during the different movements. Maximal EMG was significantly higher for the AD in abduction and in flexion than in the other patterns, and for the PD in diagonal flexion with abduction and in transverse abduction.

Title of the thesis Diagnosis of the overload the anterior part of the shoulder joint in elite swimmers and the possibility of compensation Thesis aim The aim of this thesis is to look into a group of elite swimmers with a specific pain in the anterior part of the shoulder joint, to determine the cause of the pain and then to create a plan compensation. Methods The thesis was scientific - research quantitative study, which had the character of an experiment. That was attended by 14 probands between 15-30 years of a different swimming styles of the sport sector ,,swimming". The principle was to determine the causes of pain in the anterior part of the shoulder joint using aspection and palpation examination, examination of joint play and special tests for instability of the shoulder joint, tests on the tendon of the long head of the m. biceps brachii, tests on the rotator cuff and tests of the m. pectoralis major. Finally was built a compensation program, which will prevent the shoulder pain. Results Hypotheses that i chose at the beginning of the research, were confirmed in two cases. The cause of the pain in the anterior part of the shoulder joint in swimmers can not be accurately determined with regard to the swimming style. Among breatstrokers is a muscle strain caused by the rotator cuff in...

Title: Effects of PNF to change the motoric stereotype of the abduction in the shoulder joint Objectives: The aim of this thesis, which is conceived as a pilot experimental study is to verify the changes in the timing of selected muscles during stereotype abduction of the shoulder after performing repetitive cyclic motion by therapeutic method PNF if a specific number of repetitions of the movement is performed. Methods: This is a pilot experimental study, which was done on seven probands, 4 men and 3 women with an average age of 26.6 years. The surface EMG muscle activity was scanned on selected muscles during the motoric testing of stereotype of the abduction of the shoulder joint before and after the PNF techniques. The EMG signal was then analyzed and we evaluated the timing of muscles before and after the PNF techniques. The results were then compared in terms of both intra-individually and inter-individually comparison. Results: Results provided contradictory answers to the fundamental questions relating to changes in the timing of selected muscles after PNF techniques. In terms of the change in intra-individually timing after PNF hypothesis was proved. But from the perspective of inter-individually comparison the hypothesis was not proved. Keywords: PNF, surface electromyography, motion...

Functional integration of bone with soft tissues such as tendon is essential for joint motion and musculoskeletal function. This is evident in the rotator cuff of the shoulder, which consists of four muscles and their associated tendons that connect the humerus and scapula. The cuff functions to stabilize the shoulder joint, and actively controls shoulder kinematics. Rotator cuff injuries often occur as a result of tendon avulsion at the tendon-bone interface, with more than 250,000 cuff repair surgeries performed annually in the United States. However, these procedures are associated with a high failure rate, as re-tears often occur due to the lack of biological fixation of the tendon to bone post-surgery. Instead of regenerating the tendon-bone interface, current repair techniques and augmentation grafts focus on improving the load bearing capability of the repaired rotator cuff. Biologically, the supraspinatus tendon inserts into bone via a biphasic fibrocartilaginous transition, exhibiting region-dependent changes in its compositional, structural and mechanical properties, which enables efficient load transfer from tendon to bone as well as multi-tissue homeostasis. Inspired by the native tendon-bone interface, we have designed and evaluated a biomimetic bilayer scaffold, comprised of electrospun poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibers seamlessly integrated with PLGA-hydroxyapatite (HA) fibers, in order to engineer tendon-bone integration. The objective of this thesis is to explore the key design parameters that are critical for integrative tendon-bone repair using this biphasic scaffold as a model. Specifically, intrinsic to the scaffold, effects of fiber alignment, fiber diameter, mineral distribution, and polymer composition on integrative rotator cuff tendon-bone healing were evaluated in vivo using a rat model. Results indicated that an aligned, nanofiber-based scaffold with a distinct order of non-mineralized and mineralized regions will lead to insertion regeneration and integrative tendon-bone repair. Additional tissue engineering design parameters such as healing time and animal model were also tested. It was observed that the biphasic scaffold exhibited a stable long term response, as the mechanical properties of rat shoulders repaired by this scaffold remained comparable to that of the control at 20 weeks post-surgery. This scaffold was also evaluated in a large animal model (sheep), in which a clinically-relevant rotator cuff repair procedure was implemented with the biphasic scaffold. Results demonstrated the scaffold lead to integrative rotator cuff repair through the regeneration of the enthesis in both small and large animal models. In summary, through a series of in vivo studies, the work of this thesis has identified the critical tissue engineering parameters for integrative and functional rotator cuff tendon repair. More importantly, the design principles elucidated here are anticipated to have a broader impact in the field of tissue engineering, as they can be readily applied towards the regeneration of other soft-hard tissue interfaces.

Unbalanced muscle forces in the shoulder joint may lead to functional impairment in the setting of rotator cuff tear and progressive arthritis in cuff tear arthropathy. A model, which predicts muscle forces for common shoulder movements, could be used to help in treatment decision-making and in improving the design of total shoulder prosthesis. Unfortunately, the shoulder has many muscles that overlap in function leading to an indeterminate system. A finite element model employing an optimization algorithm could be used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom and predict loading of the glenohumeral joint. The goal of this study was to develop an anatomically and physiologically correct computational model of the glenohumeral joint. This model was applied to: 1) estimate the force in each muscle during the standard glenohumeral motions (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/ external rotation), and 2) determine stress concentrations within the scapula during these motions. These goals were realized through the following steps: First, a three dimensional bone reconstruction was performed using computed tomography (CT) scan data. This allowed for a precise anatomical representation of the bony components. Then muscle lever arms were estimated based on the reconstructed bones using computer-aided design software. The origins, insertions, and muscle paths were obtained from the literature. This model was then applied to estimate the forces within each of the muscles that are necessary to stabilize the joint at a fixed position. Last, finite element analysis of the scapula was performed to study the stress concentrations. These were identified and related to the morphology of the bone. A force estimation algorithm was then developed to determine the necessary muscle force distribution. This algorithm was based on an applied external moment at the joint, and the appropriate selection of muscles that could withstand it, ensuring stability, while keeping the reaction force at a minimum. This method offered an acceptable solution to the indeterminate problem, a unique solution was found for each shoulder motion. The model was then applied to determine the stress concentration within various regions of the scapula for each of the shoulder motions. The rotator cuff was found to act as the main stabilizer under rotation, and had a significant stabilizing role under flexion and abduction. The finite element model of the shoulder that was developed can be used to gain a better understanding of the load transfer mechanisms within the glenohumeral joint and the impact of muscle forces on scapular morphology. This information can then be used to assist with treatment decision-making for rotator cuff tears and with the design of new implants for total shoulder arthroplasty.

Apie sergančiųjų onkologinėmis ligomis reabilitaciją Lietuvoje pradėta kalbėti tik prieš dešimtmetį. Onkologinių pacienčių gyvenimo kokybę galima pagerinti laiku taikant reabilitacinį gydymą tiek tada, kai ligą galima išgydyti, tiek tada, kai numatoma bloga ligos prognozė. Standartiniai vėžio gydymo būdai yra operacija, spindulinė terapija, chemoterapija bei reabilitacija. Po chirurginio ir kombinuoto kompleksinio gydymo 25 proc. onkologinių ligonių vargina funkciniai sutrikimai, komplikacijos. Reabilitacijos metu siekiama optimaliai atkurti paciento fiziologinį, psichologinį, socialinį bei profesinį statusą. Tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti pacienčių po krūties vėžio chirurginio gydymo funkcinės būklės ir gyvenimo kokybės pokyčius antrame reabilitacijos etape. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ir palyginti pacienčių, kurioms taikytas skirtingas krūties vėžio chirurginis gydymas (limfmazgiai buvo šalinti arba nešalinti) peties sąnario judesių amplitudės dinamiką prieš ir po reabilitacijos; 2. Išsiaiškinti, abiejose tiriamųjų grupėse, (pacientėms buvo šalinti arba nešalinti limfmazgiai), ar rankos, plaštakos patinimas įtakoja peties sąnario judesių amplitudės pokyčius; 3. Įvertinti abiejose tiriamųjų grupėse (pacientėms buvo šalinti arba nešalinti limfmazgiai), kaip skausmas nesveikos krūties srityje įtakoja peties sąnario judesių amplitudės pokyčius; 4. Įvertinti ir palyginti pacienčių, kurioms taikytas skirtingas krūties vėžio chirurginis gydymas (limfmazgiai buvo šalinti arba... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In Lithuania the discussion on rehabilitation of oncological illnesses started only a decade ago. The quality of life of those suffering from oncological illness can be improved by timely rehabilitation when the disease can be cured, as well as when the foreseeable forecast is negative. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and rehabilitation are conventional treatments of cancer. Surgical and combined integrated treatment leaves 25% of oncological patients suffering from functional disorders and negative side-effects. Rehabilitation aims to optimally restore physiological, psychological, social as well as professional status of the patient. Aim of Research: to investigate the changes in second rehabilitation stage on patients exposed to surgical treatment of breast cancer functional condition and quality of life. Primary goals: 1. Evaluate and compare dynamic amplitude movement of shoulder joint before and after rehabilitation of patients, which had different surgical treatment of breast cancer (with removed or not removed lymphatic nodes). 2. Ascertain does hand’s tumescence has an impact on shoulder’s joint amplitude movement changes in both exploratory groups (with removed or not removed lymphatic nodes). 3. Evaluate how the pain in unhealthy breast area impacts shoulder’s joint amplitude movement changes in both exploratory groups (with removed or not removed lymphatic nodes). 4. Evaluate and compare general health condition and quality of life before and after... [to full text]

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic at the Durban Institute of Technology, 2008. / Purpose Cricket fast bowlers are prone to the development of Myofascial pain syndrome and in particular active myofascial trigger points in their rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint (Scott, et al. 2001). This is due to the severe stresses placed upon the muscles, bones and joints of the shoulder as a result of the high velocity throwing action (Bartlett, et al.1996). In muscles containing active myofascial trigger points a decrease in the stretch range of motion as well as the maximal contractile force is noted, these two factors may negatively affect the speed at which a fast bowler deliver the ball (Travell, Simons and Simons, 1999). Dry needling is viewed as the most effective means of deactivating myofascial trigger points leading to in increase in both the contractile force and range of motion of the affected muscle, which could increase the speed at which the bowler delivers the ball (Wilks, 2003). The aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of dry needling active myofascial trigger points of the rotator cuff on bowling speed in action cricket fast bowlers. Method The study consisted of 40 participants (randomly split into two equal groups of 20) each with shoulder pain of a myofascial origin. Group A (intervention group) received the dry needling intervention in their most tender active myofascial trigger point. While participants in Group B (control group) received no treatment. Bowling speeds were measured both before and after the intervention, to determine its effect on bowling speed. IV Data was entered into MS Exel spreadsheet and imported into SPSS version 15 (SPSS Inc.,Chicago, Iiiinois, USA), which was used for data analysis. Paticipants were evaluated on bowling speed, Algometer readings and Numerical pain rating Scale (NRS) both pre and post intervention. Participants were also asked if they believed the intervention increased, decreased or had no effect on their bowling speeds. Two sample t-test was used to compare baseline values between the groups. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the rate of change of each outcome over time in the two groups. Pearson’s correlation analysis (intra-group) was used to assess the strength and magnitude of correlations of the changes in the outcomes. The McNemar – Bowker test and Weighted Cohen’s kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement between perceived and actual levels of change. Results A significant treatment effect was observed in the intervention group were an increase in bowling speed, algometer readings as well a decrease in Numerical pain rating scale(NRS) scores was observed. There was also a perceived increase in the speed the participants delivered the ball in the intervention group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. The findings of this study indicate that dry needling as a treatment modality would be beneficial to fast bowlers in not only increasing their speeds but also the pain experienced as a result of active myofascial trigger points.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different joint positions, rotator cuff muscle fatigue and experience on shoulder proprioceptive sense among male volleyball players. The participants of the study were 20 experienced (Mage= 20.7 &amp / #61617 / 2.8) and 20 inexperienced (Mage= 17.1 &amp / #61617 / 1.0) male volleyball players being members of first league volleyball teams. Measurements were made by Biodex System 3 pro (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., New York, USA) and only dominant extremities were assessed. Shoulder proprioceptive sense was determined by measuring participant&rsquo / s perception of joint position sense with the joint at 90&amp / #61616 / abduction, external rotation and 90&amp / #61616 / abduction, neutral rotation. Participants were tested at a speed of 2 deg/s before and after exercising on an isokinetic testing machine until fatigued. Fatigue protocol was practiced at 60 deg/s and it was terminated when the internal rotation maximal peak torque decreased by 50%. There was significant difference between proprioceptive sense of inexperienced volleyball players at 10&amp / #61616 / -20&amp / #61616 / (p&lt / .01) and 15&amp / #61616 / -20&amp / #61616 / (p&lt / .05) in external rotation before fatigue. The difference between before and after fatigue proprioceptive sense of experienced volleyball players at 20&amp / #61616 / (p&lt / .05) was found statistically significant, whereas the significant difference was observed between before and after fatigue proprioceptive sense of inexperienced players at 10&amp / #61616 / (p&lt / .01) and 15&amp / #61616 / (p&lt / .05) in internal rotation. It was concluded that the effect of fatigue on proprioceptive sense is related with experience, but experience itself had no effect on proprioceptive sense.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.