Photocopy of typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1979. / Bibliography: leaves 112-115. / Microfiche. / x, 115 leaves ill. 29 cm

Shrimp waste samples were extracted with a variety of organic solvents. Each fraction was measured for antioxidant activity by determining the rate of oxidation of β-carotene-linoleic acid in an emulsion system. An ethanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Purification of the most active fraction was accomplished by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was not significantly effected by heating at 100°C for 4 hr or 30 days storage at 4°C. Purified antioxidant samples were further analyzed by several spectroscopy methods such as Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antioxidant was characterized as an ortho-disubstituted benzene. The content of antioxidant in shrimp waste was estimated to be 1.80 ppm. Antioxidant from shrimp waste was extracted and partially purified by silica gel glass column chromatography. Two species of rockfish (Sebastolobus alascanus, Sebastes ruberriumus) were treated with crude antioxidant solution respectively, while rockfish fillets (Sebastes alutus) were treated with different concentrations of antioxidant solutions from the column chromatography. Higher a* values were found in rockfish samples treated with antioxidants compared to the control without antioxidant during iced storage. Furthermore, rockfish fillets treated with 0.20%, and 0.50% (w/v) antioxidant had lower 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values compared to the control group of rockfish fillets (Sebastes alutus). Crude extract (0.50% w/w), and purified antioxidant (0.10%, 0.20%, and 0.50% w/w) from shrimp waste were applied to sablefish mince and evaluated for their effectiveness to inhibit oxidative and hydrolytic rancidity of mince samples. Treatments with crude extract (0.5%), partially purified antioxidant (0.2%, 0.5%) had a significantly lower TBA, and peroxide value (PV) compared to the control group during refrigerated (4°C) and frozen storage (-20°C). The results from free fatty acid values suggested that antioxidant from shrimp waste had no effect on hydrolytic rancidity in sablefish mince. / Graduation date: 1995

by Wong Cheung-on, Li, Yun-hoi. / Title also in Chinese. / Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Bibliography: leaves 164-165.

by Patrick Kah Kin Leong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xi / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xii / Chapter CHAPTER1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Biology of Metapenaeus ensis --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definitions in the measurements of zooplankton feeding rate --- p.5 / Chapter 2.3 --- Zooplankton feeding rates and food concentration --- p.6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Other factors affecting feeding behaviour --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- Feeding patterns of the early life history stages in various crustaceans --- p.14 / Chapter 2.6 --- Selective feeding --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER3 --- LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF Metapenaeus ensis / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER4 --- THE GRAZING BEHAVIOUR OF EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF Metapenaeus ensis / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.90 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.94 / Chapter CHAPTER5 --- THE SELECTIVE FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF EARLY LIFE HISTORY STAGES OF Metapenaeus ensis / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.109 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.115 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.117 / Chapter CHAPTER6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.133 / REFERENCES --- p.136

The effects of selected antimicrobials, applied singularly or in combination, and frozen or refrigerated storage conditions on the survival of Listeria spp. on inoculated shrimp was evaluated in this study. A combination of 0.5% CPC (Cetylpyridinium Chloride) with a water wash at room temperature and freezing of the shrimp at -22.3 degrees C was the only treatment that had a significant antimicrobial effect on the Listeria spp. Antimicrobial effects and the mode of action of PEF (Pulsed Electric Field) and CPC on Listeria cells were evaluated in detailed studies. PEF in 0.1% sodium chloride had a bacterostatic effect toward Listeria spp. during refrigerated storage, but no immediate or bacteriostatic effect was caused by freezing the samples. A concentration of 1% sodium chloride reduced the Listeria spp. population after freezing by 1.1 log; however, the pungent chlorine odor that was generated during treatment might cause discomfort for employees in shrimp processing facilities. Also, chlorine might cause corrosion of metal surfaces of processing equipment. There was no difference in the antimicrobial effects on the survival of Listeria spp. by PEF between the exposure times of 1 or 2 min, as well as in the sodium chloride concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5%. PEF treatment in the presence of 0.1% sodium chloride is recommended. A solution of 0.5% CPC effectively inhibited all of the strains of Listeria spp. in the cell suspensions. A treatment of 0.5% CPC combined with PEF treatment in a sodium chloride concentration of 0.1% caused a delayed effect on the Listeria spp. after 2 d of refrigerated storage. After 2 d of frozen storage, the formation of ice crystals was decreased in the number of Listeria spp. when contaminated samples were treated with water. The results indicated chemicals (e.g. CPC and NaCl) might protect Listeria spp. from the formation of ice crystals. TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) micrographs revealed that cell membranes were damaged by PEF treatment and that cells were ruptured by CPC treatment. A maximum reduction of 2.76 log10 CFU/g of Listeria spp. on shrimp was achieved by a combination of PEFCPC.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2002. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-74). Also available online.

No description available.

Thesis (MSc. Sys. Ag. (Honours))--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1994. / "A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (Honours) in Systems Agriculture."

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 287-338).