Zugl.: Braunschweig, Univ., Diss., 2008

Hamburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Braunschweig, Diss., 2008.

Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen.

acase@tulane.edu / This dissertation examines the role of Roman antiquity in crafting civic identity in fourteenth-century Siena. Roman heritage was a point of pride for Italian communes and had political and cultural relevance by informing values and legitimizing republican governments for contemporary audiences. Without provable classical settlement, trecento Siena fabricated an elaborate origin myth that stressed ancient foundations—by the twin sons of Rome’s own Remus—and promoted the legend in a city-wide iconographical and philosophical program. This dissertation presents a series of case studies that analyze specific occurrences of the civic deployment of Siena’s invented classical identity and examines the socio-political value of this Romanitas, or “Roman-ness,” in a pivotal period of transformation where the combination of a state-crafted visual campaign rooted in classicism and the political shift from one republican regime to the next provides the opportunity to trace the invocation of Rome in various forms across the city’s landscape. I begin by examining the origin legend as a response to foreign challenges to Siena’s historicity. I then analyze Sienese political discourse, both local and in broader Guelph-Ghibelline debates, to argue that Roman republicanism provided necessary legitimacy to republics and a vocabulary to express communal virtues. Chapter three follows Sienese efforts to emphasize ancient material through the celebration of spolia—native and imported—and attention to Rome in original art. Chapters four and five examine the presence of Christian antiquity in Siena, demonstrated by the selection of ancient martyrs as their patron saints and the religious ideals of the Gesuati order, dedicated to Jerome. The final chapter identifies instances where pagan and Christian antiquity appeared in the same civic space and questions how both expressions of Romanitas functioned together to create a cultural identity in Siena dependent on classical influence. This dissertation expands scholarship’s definition of antiquity to include both pagan and Christian manifestations and recognizes the role of Sienese communal government in developing the rebirth of antiquity. I suggest that the Sienese state cultivated a self-image that stressed Siena as a Roman city physically and philosophically built upon classical origins and benefiting from Rome’s political and spiritual inheritance. / 1 / Samantha Perez

No description available.

In this paper the sources and origins of the ornament on the west facade of Siena Cathedral are examined in order to find the artistic developments which influenced the Gothic style in Italy. The ornament on the Siena Cathedral facade can be subdivided into two stages, one of which was influenced by French Gothic art, and one by Italian art, both Classical and Tuscan Romanesque architecture. The form of the west facade wall at Siena Cathedral was modelled after French facade wall forms. Due to French influence brought into northern and central Italy by the constructions of the Cistercian monks, at Siena the Tuscan Romanesque, facade silhouette was abandoned for the French facade silhouette of a nave projecting above the aisle roofs. The first stage of ornament on the facade of Siena Cathedral is that of ornament which was influenced by French Gothic ornamental forms. The French Gothic ornamental forms which influenced the Siena facade ornament were not derived from French Gothic architectural ornament, but from the ornamental forms used to decorate the French Gothic carved ivory altarpieces. One such ornamental farm is the tourelle eg. Scenes from the Life of the Virgin and Childhood of Christ, French ca. 1300, Coll: Institutio de Valencia de Don Juan. That French Gothic ornament which was derived from an architectural source did not influence the Siena facade ornament is indicated by the fact that the role of the ornament on a French Gothic facade differs from that on the west wall of Siena Cathedral. The ornament on the west wall of Siena Cathedral creates a decorative screen which conceals the structure of the cathedral behind it. In French Gothic facades the purpose of the ornament is to create an easy transition from the sculpture to the structure of the facade, eg. the facade of Amiens Cathedral. The supposition that the architectural ornament which was used to decorate Gothic ivories influenced the ornament on the Siena facade is supported by the fact that at Siena there appear decorative schemes which appear only (at first) in ivory altarpieces, eg. the idea of the use of half-length figures in niches to create a border around a figure or scene of central importance is adopted at Siena to create a border around the west facade nave window. The third stage of ornament found on the Siena Cathedral facade was derived from Italian sources, from Classical art and Tuscan Romanesque architecture. The profiles of the stringcourse and gables on the Siena facade are similar to that of a Classical cornice. The three equal sized arches over the three west facade doors were derived from the decorative arcades of the Tuscan Romanesque facade. At Siena the retention of the Tuscan Romanesque concept of the facade as a screen wall made it possible to incorporate into the facade design the diverse ornamental forms mentioned. In conclusion, the form and ornament of the Siena Cathedral was found to be derived from primarily three sources, two of which were French, consequently the greater part of the Siena Cathedral facade design was influenced by French Gothic art. However, at Siena there occurs no imitation of the French Gothic. The French forms are joined with Italian ones into a homogeneous decorative surface. It may be concluded from the evidence of the sources of the ornament on the Siena Cathedral facade that the Gothic style in Italy was based on French Gothic developments which were fused with native Italian developments so that the Gothic style in Italy appears as it did in France, a new development based on the country's Romanesque tradition. / Arts, Faculty of / Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2002. / Advisor: Dr. Jack Freiberg, Florida State University, School of Visual Arts and Dance, Dept. of Art History. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 7, 2003). Includes bibliographical references.

Homophily, the tendency for like to associate with like or for birds of a feather to flock together, is one of the most robust findings in all of social science. Despite its ubiquity and obvious importance, however, it is uncertain how much of this regularity derives from the tendency to become friends with those like ourselves (i.e. selection) as opposed to the tendency to become like those with whom we associate (i.e. harmonization). This dissertation grapples with the issue by proposing, first, that both forces play a role and, second, that the impact of one cannot be understood without also considering the effect of the other. After a review of the literature, theory is developed, data introduced, analytical techniques described, and then empirical analysis is undertaken. It is determined that several of the predicted combinations of selection and harmonization are, indeed, present and that these combinations can meaningfully inform our understanding of social life. Directions for future research are then discussed.

Baudžiamąją atsakomybę už kontrabandą apibrėžia BK 199 straipsnis. Kontrabanda - tai neteisėtas prekių, vertybių ir kitų privalomų pateikti muitinei daiktų gabenimas per Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sieną. Kontrabandos nusikaltimas, numatytas BK 199 str. 1 d. yra tada, kai neteisėtai per Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sieną gabenamų daiktų vertė viršija 250 MGL dydžio sumą, mažesnės vertės daiktų neteisėtas gabenimas užtraukia administracinę atsakomybę pagal ATPK 210 str. Kontrabanda priklausomai nuo kontrabandos dalyko specifikos skirstoma į paprastąją – BK 199 str. 1 d. ir kvalifikuotąją – BK 199 str. 2 d. Kontrabandą kvalifikuojantys požymiai - neteisėtas šaunamųjų ginklų, šaudmenų, sprogmenų, sprogstamųjų, radioaktyviųjų medžiagų, narkotinių ar psichotropinių medžiagų (pirmtakų) gabenimas per Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sieną nepateikiant muitinės kontrolei ar kitaip šios kontrolės išvengiant ar neturint leidimo juos gabenti. Kai per Lietuvos Respublikos valstybės sieną kontrabanda gabenami BK 199 str. 2 d. nurodyti daiktai, jų vertė neturi reikšmės ir nenustatinėjama. Šių daiktų neteisėtas gabenimas per valstybės sieną užtraukia baudžiamąją atsakomybę nepriklausomai nuo jų gabenamo kiekio. Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktuose nustatyta ir administracinė atsakomybė už kontrabandos padarymą. ATPK 210 str. įtvirtinta kontrabandos – administracinio teisės pažeidimo sudėtis. Baudžiamoji ir administracinė atsakomybė už kontrabandą atskirta pagal nusikalstamos veikos dalyko... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The criminal responsibility for contraband is described in article no.199 of Criminal Code. Contraband is illegal shipping, through border of republic of Lithuania, of goods, worth and other indispensable stuff, which must be presented to customs. The crime of contraband, which is covered in the first part of article no.199 of Criminal Code, pass when value, of illegal stuff shipping, through border of republic of Lithuania, exceed the sum of 250 minimal living standards, the less value of illegal stuff shipping carries administrative amenability according to article no.200 of ATPK. Contraband, depending on particularity of contraband subject - matter, is divided into ordinary (Criminal code, 1st part of article no.199) and into qualified (Criminal code, 2nd part of article no.199). Notes, which indicate contraband, are illegal shipping, through border of republic of Lithuania, of guns, ammunitions, explosives high explosive, radioactive substances, narcotic or psychotropic substances (precursor), which were not presented to customs control or it was otherwise avoided, or there are no permission to ship them. The value, of the things, which are indicated in the 2nd part of article no.199 of Criminal code, is undetermined and has no influence. The illegal shipment of this stuff carries penal amenability, independently of shipped quantity. In the law acts of republic of Lithuania is determined and administrative amenability for commitment of the contraband. In the article no.21... [to full text]