Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2005.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 20-22). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1995. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32).

Thesis (Ph.D. (Augmentative and Alternative Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisors: Diana M. DiNitto and David W. Springer. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Education. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 301-328). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11854

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-236). Also available online.

On a analysé la manifestation de sémiotiques signifiantes dans une sémiotique biplane, la langue portugaise brésilienne, avec le but d’y vérifier la possibilité de manifestations de semi-symboles. Les analyses ont été distribuées dans trois catégories linguistiques, la phonético-phonologique, la rhétorique et la prosodique ; et dans trois catégories visuelles, l’eidétique, la topologique et la chromatique. En fait, l’enquête a été surtout concentrée sur les caractéristiques articulatoires, acoustiques, prosodiques, sur la couleur, la forme et le jeu de direction des signifiants sonores dans des chaînes discoursives dans lesquelles le sens véhiculé par la forme d'expression supplantait les valeurs purement stylistiques. La première partie de la thèse présente les fondements théoriques et la méthode de recherche et dans la deuxième se sont déroulée les analyses et les discussions sur les semi-symboles manifestés en textes humoristiques et poétiques issus du contexte culturel brésilien moderne et postmoderne. Pour vérifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle les semi-symboles se manifestent en tant que des phonèmes dans des sémiotiques biplanes, il ont été mené des analyses sur onze poèmes appartenant à neuf auteurs adeptes de styles littéraires différents, sur deux sketches tirés de l’Os Trapalhões, sur deux extraits de la bande dessinée de la Mônica et sur deux autres du Helmer Fudd, sur un extrait du feuilleton O Bem Amado et sur un monologue comique du comédien Shaolin. Pour bien mener les analyses, on a présenté un modèle opératoire proposé pour la description logico-structurelle des manifestations semi-symboliques dans les ensembles signifiants étudiés. On a élucidé les corrélations entreprises par le biais des notions de motivation, conventionnalité et arbitrarité entre des catégories d’expression et du contenu dans une dimension verbale parfois syncrétique. La recherche a ratifié des distinctions entre langage formelle et langage molaire, elle a mis en évidence la distinction entre les rapport terme à terme et catégorie à catégorie dans les formes et substances des plans sémiotiques délimitant les frontières entre signe linguistique, symbole, semi-symbole et symbolisme phonétique en plus de discuter le rôle de la répétition et du contexte pour la mise en place du sens semi-symbolique. L’étude a révélé en outre qu’avant de parler sur semi-symboles, le rapport de motivation entre le signifiant et le signifié avait déjà été touché, grosso modo, en termes de symbolisme phonétique par la Phonostylistique et même avant cela avait déjà été touché, entre autres, par Platon (dans un certain degré linguistique), dans le Cratyle ; par Humboldt en termes de motivation picturale, symbolique et analogique ; par Guiraud en termes de motivation interne et externe au système linguistique ; par Saussure en termes de motivation intralinguistique, c’est-à-dire, en tant que moyen de formation de mots et renouvellement du lexique concernant de plus près les classes des onomatopées, des conjonctions et le processus de composition morphologique. Il est avéré que tant la motivation comme la conventionnalisation coproduisent et coopèrent à la fois au processus de semiosis. Enfin, il a été constaté que la manifestation semi-symbolique est possible dans des sémiotiques biplanes à partir de formes d’expressions de la même nature comme de nature syncrétique aussi bien. / The manifestation of signifying semiotics was analyzed in a biplane semiotic, the Brazilian Portuguese language, with the aim of verifying the possibility of manifestations of semi-symbols. The analyses were distributed in three linguistic categories, the phonetic-phonological, prosodic, rhetoric; and in three visual categories, eidetic, topological and chromatic. Indeed, the investigation was mostly focused on the articulatory, acoustic, prosodic characteristics on the color, shape and on the direction play of the sound signifiers in the discursive chains in which the meaning conveyed by the form of expression surppasses the values purely stylistic. The first part of the thesis presented the theoretical foundations and the method of research and in the second part was performed the analysis and the discussions about the semi-symbols manifested in humorous and poetic texts outcome from modern and postmodern Brazilian cultural context. To test the hypothesis that the semi-symbols occur as phonemes in semiotic biplanes, it was analyzed eleven poems from nine authors who are followers of different literary styles, two sketches drawn from Os Trapalhões, two extracts from the cartoon Monica’s Gang and two others from Helmer Fudd, an extract from the soap opera O Bem Amado and other from a Shaolin’s stand-up comedy show. To perform the analysis, it was proposed an operating model for the logical-structural discription of the semi-symbolic manifestations in the studied signifying ensembles. It was elucidated the correlations engages through the notions of motivation, conventionality and arbitrariness between categories of the expression and the categories of content of a verbal dimension sometimes syncretic. The research ratified distinctions between formal language and molar language, it highlighted the distinction between the relation term to term and category to category between forms and substances of the semiotic plans delineating the boundaries between linguistic sign, symbol, semi-symbol and phonetic symbolism in addiction to discussing the role of the repetition and context for the setting of semi-symbolic meaning. The study also reveals that before talking about semi-symbols, the relation of motivation between signifier and signified had already described grosso modo in termes of phonetic symbolisms by Phonostylistics and even before that it had also touched by, amongst others, Plato, in the Cratylus (in a certain language degree); by Humboldt in terms of pictorial, symbolic and analogical motivation; by Guiraud in terms of internal and external motivation into linguistic system; by Saussure in terms of intralinguistic motivation, i.e., as a meand for word formation and renewal of the lexicon touching closer to classes of the onomatopoeias and of the conjoctions and the process of morphological composition. It was evident that both the motivation and the conventionalization co-occur and cooperate to the process of semiosis. Finally, it was found that the semi-symbolic manifestation is possible in biplane semiotics as from forms of the expression of same nature as syncretic nature as well. / Tratou-se da análise da manifestação de semióticas significantes, em uma semiótica biplana, a língua portuguesa, com o objetivo de aí verificar a possibilidade de manifestações de semissímbolos. Distribuíram-se as análises em seis categorias linguísticas, a fonético-fonológica, a prosódica e a retórica; e em três categorias visuais, a eidética, a topológica e a cromática. Na verdade, a investigação foi concentrada principalmente sobre as características articulatórias, acústicas, prosódicas, sobre a cor, a forma e o jogo de direção dos significantes sonoros em cadeias discursivas nas quais osentido veiculado pela forma da expressão suplanta os valores meramente estilísticos. Na primeira parte da tese, apresentam-se os fundamentos teóricos e o método de investigação e na segunda realizaram-se as análises e as discussões sobre os semissímbolos manifestados em textos humorísticos e poéticos retirados do contexto cultural brasileiro moderno e pós-moderno. Para verificar da hipótese de que os semissímbolos se manifestam como fonemas em semióticas biplanas, foram analisados onze poemas de nove autores seguidores de estilos literários diferentes, dois esquetes retirados de Os Trapalhões, dois excertos dos quadrinhos da Turma da Mônica e dois outros do Elmer Fudd (Hortelino Troca-Letras), um fragmento da novela O Bem Amado e outro de um espetáculo solo do comediante Shaolin. Para realizar as análises, apresentou-se um modelo operatório para a descrição lógico-estrutural das manifestações semisímbólicas nos conjuntos significantes estudados. Elucidaram-se as correlações empreendidas por meio das noções de motivação, convencionalidade e arbitrariedade entre categorias de expressão e categorias de conteúdos de uma dimensão verbal por vezes sincrética. A investigação ratificou distinções entre linguagem formal e linguagem molar, tornou patente a distinção entre relação termo a termo e categoria a categoria entre formas e substâncias dos planos semióticos delimitando as fronteiras entre signo linguístico, símbolo, semissímbolo e simbolismo fonético além de discutir o papel da repetição e do contexto para a configuração do sentido semissimbólico. Revelou, ainda, que antes de se falar em semissímbolos a relação de motivação entre o significante e o significado já havia sido descrita, grosso modo, em termos, de simbolismos fonéticos do lado da Fonoestilística e mesmo antes disso já havia sido tocada de certa maneira, entre outros, por Platão em o Crátilo (em certo grau linguístico); por Humboldt, em termos de motivação pictórica, simbólica e analógica; por Guirraud, em termos de motivação interna e externa ao sistema linguístico; por Saussure em termos de motivação intralinguística, ou seja, como expediente de formação de palavras e renovação do léxico tocando mais de perto as classes das onomatopeias, das conjunções e os processos de composição morfológicos. Ficouevidente que tanto a motivação como a convencionalização coocorrem e concorrem para o processo de semiose. Por fim, se constatou que a manifestação semissimbólica é possível em semióticas biplanas a partir de formas da expressão de mesma natureza como de natureza sincrética também.

Substantial research has examined how linguistic structures are realized in the visual/spatial modality. However, we know less about linguistic pragmatics in signed languages, particularly the functioning of referring expressions (REs). Recent research has explored how REs are deployed in signed languages, but much remains to be learned. Study 1 explores the inventory and workings of REs in American Sign Language by seeking to replicate and build upon Frederiksen & Mayberry (2016). Following Ariel, F&M propose an inventory of REs in ASL ranked according to the typical accessibility of the referents each RE type signals. Study 1 reproduced their results using more complex narratives and including a wider range of REs in various syntactic roles. Using Toole’s (1997) accessibility rating protocol, we calculated average accessibility ratings for each RE type, thus making possible statistical analyses that show more precisely which REs differ significantly in average accessibility. Further, several RE types that F&M had collapsed are shown to be distinct. Finally, we find general similarities between allocations of REs in ASL and in spoken English, based on 6 matched narratives produced by native English speakers. Study 2 explores a previously unexamined set of questions about concurrently occurring REs: collections of REs produced simultaneously. It compares isolated REs that occur in a linear fashion, similar to spoken language grammars, with co-occurring REs, signaling multiple referents simultaneously (termed here constellations). This study asks whether REs in constellations have pragmatic properties different from those of isolated/linear REs. Statistical evidence is presented that some categories of REs do differ significantly in the average accessibility values of their referents, when compared across linear versus concurrent configurations. Study 3 examines whether the proportions of various RE categories used by native ASL signers vary according to the recipient’s familiarity with the narrative. Do ASL narratives designed to be maximally explicit because of low recipient familiarity demonstrate distinct RE allocations? In this sample of 34 narratives, there is no statistically significant difference in RE use attributable to recipient familiarity. These findings have important implications for understanding the impact of modality on accessibility, the use of REs in ASL, and visual processing.