Les recherches actuelles sur les nanoparticules luminescentes sont motivées par le développement d'applications innovantes comme par exemple des nouveaux systèmes transparents d'éclairage ou de visualisation. Pour cela, il est intéressant de trouver des voies de synthèses originales permettant de préparer des nanoparticules individualisées et bien dispersées d'oxydes présentant des propriétés optiques spécifiques ou mieux adaptées aux systèmes envisagés. Cependant ces composés cristallisent généralement à haute température. Trois difficultés se présentent alors pour leur synthèse : le contrôle de la taille et de l'état d'agrégation des particules à ces températures, le contrôle de leur stoechiométrie et du degré d'oxydation des ions dopants. Ce travail de thèse a consisté principalement à mettre au point un procédé de synthèse original d'oxydes de la famille des silicates et des aluminates. La présence d'une matrice minérale solide pendant le traitement thermique à haute température, permet de limiter la croissance des particules et de conserver leur état de dispersion pendant la calcination. Les résultats sont encourageants puisque des suspensions de particules bien cristallisées, de taille variant de 50 à 100 nm ont pu être synthétisées après des traitements thermiques supérieurs à 800°C.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Structure et dynamique des systèmes réactifs : Lille 1 : 2006. / N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3820. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. à la suite de chaque chapitre.

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In biotechnology and drug delivery silica materials are of interest but the controlled generation of silicic acid is difficult. To get more insight into the molecular mechanisms that control biosilification, it is important to study the proteins involved in this process. The sponge protein silicatein α synthesises part of the axial filament in the spicules which in situ polymerises silicic acid. It has been demonstrated that the polymerisation of siloxanes such as for example tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) can be carried out by both wild type and recombinant silicatein α. Unfortunately, it has not been possible yet to get reasonable amounts of wild type or recombinant silicatein α to perform biophysical studies. The human cysteine protease cathepsin L has almost 50 % identical residues with silicatein α. To get more insight into the mechanism of silica polymerisation, cathepsin L mutants were generated by our collaborators. Those mutants show sequence features and activity specific for silicatein α. The X-ray structure of one of those mutants (mutant 4SER) to 1.5 Å has allowed us to propose a new chemical mechanism for the catalysis of silicic acid polymerisation. ADP-β-D-glycero-D-mannoheptose and ADP-β-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose are interconverted by the SDR-enzyme ADP-β-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose 6-epimerase (AGME). This epimerisation reaction is the final reaction in the biosynthetic route of the precursor of heptose. Heptose is a part of the inner core of the lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria. In mutants which do not have heptose, nonpolar compounds can penetrate more easily through the outer membrane. These mutants also show less pathogenicity. As a consequence the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway represents an interesting target for antimicrobial compounds. The crystal structure of AGME in complex with ADP-α-glucose has already been solved. From this structure a catalytic mechanism for this enzyme has been proposed with Tyr140 and Lys178 operating as acid/base residues. The disordered nature of the nucleotide sugar’s glucose moiety in the previous structure due to the wrong configuration of the sugar has hindered assignment of a mechanism. The determination of the X-ray structure of AGME Y140F in complex with a substrate in the β-manno configuration (ADP-β-mannose) to 2.4 Å resolution has given new insight into the mechanism of this SDR enzyme. A mechanism is proposed with only Tyr140 operating as catalytic acid/base. Initially it was thought that MMP-3 participates in the synovitis cascade. Glycoproteins, several parts of the ECM such as fibronectin and laminin and also collagens and procollagens are targets of this matrixin. Furthermore MMP-3 can undergo autocatalysis and is also able to cleave a range of other members of the matrixin family. Matrixins also play an important role in diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. This makes them targets for inhibitor design. Many structures of matrix metalloproteinases, such as stromelysin-1, in complex with various inhibitors have already been solved. The structures of the catalytic domain of MMP-3 in complex with two nonpeptide inhibitors are discussed.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 2, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-225). Also issued in print.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2007. / Bibliogr.: f. 71-89. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (University of Texas Digital Repository, viewed on September 9, 2009). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.