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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

S?ntese de ?xidos alternativos para c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido de temperatura intermedi?ria / Synthesis of alternative oxides for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Souza, Graziele Lopes de 30 January 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-01T23:25:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieleLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2319933 bytes, checksum: 41ca637533facb729220921e1dc4c6ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-05T20:18:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieleLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2319933 bytes, checksum: 41ca637533facb729220921e1dc4c6ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T20:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrazieleLopesDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 2319933 bytes, checksum: 41ca637533facb729220921e1dc4c6ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido s?o os dispositivos mais eficientes at? ent?o inventados para a convers?o de combust?veis qu?micos diretamente em energia el?trica. Estes dispositivos ainda apresentam como desvantagem o funcionamento em temperatura relativamente elevada. Catodos da s?rie La2-xNiO4+d com estrutura K2NiF4 t?m se mostrado promissores condutores mistos a temperaturas intermedi?rias. O interesse por estes ?xidos como material funcional para catodo deve-se principalmente ? sua permeabilidade a oxig?nio e sua estabilidade qu?mica e t?rmica. Este material tem coeficiente de expans?o t?rmica compat?vel com eletr?litos pertencentes a fam?lia La10-x(SiO4)6O2+-d com estrutura apatita. Estes eletr?litos t?m condutividades superiores aos eletr?litos ? base de zirc?nia, se utilizados na mesma faixa de temperatura que o catodo acima citado. Este trabalho reporta a s?ntese de p?s de silicato de lant?nio tipo apatita de composi??o La10Si6O27 e niquelato de lant?nio (La2NiO4) para serem usados como materiais de eletr?lito e catodo, respectivamente, em c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xido s?lido. O silicato de lant?nio foi obtido a partir de uma rota qu?mica de co-precipita??o, enquanto o catodo foi obtido pelo m?todo do citrato. O procedimento de s?ntese proposto neste trabalho para a obten??o do material de eletr?lito ? vantajoso por reduzir o consumo de energia e o tempo de processamento, elementos chaves para reduzir o custo total de manufatura. Ao termino das s?nteses os p?s precursores foram caracterizados por an?lise termogravim?trica. Os p?s de silicato de lant?nio foram calcinados entre 500 e 900 ?C e caracterizados por difratometria de raios X com refinamento Rietveld dos dados de difra??o e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). O niquelato de lant?nio foi calcinado em uma ?nica temperatura, 1200 ?C, por 4h e caracterizado por MEV. A caracteriza??o estrutural do eletr?lito indicou a forma??o de material com fase secund?ria ap?s calcina??o a 900 ?C. O efeito da temperatura de sinteriza??o, variada entre 1400 a 1450 ?C, nas propriedades el?tricas foram investigados por espectroscopia de imped?ncia entre 400 e 800 ?C em atmosfera de ar. O eletr?lito de silicato de lant?nio sinterizado a 1450 ?C apresentou condutividade el?trica total de 2,12x10-3 S.cm-1 a 700 ?C, pr?ximos aos da literatura para amostras sinterizadas a 1500 ?C. O desempenho eletroqu?mico como material de catodo foi avaliado em uma configura??o de c?lula sim?trica (catodo/substrato/catodo) usando a t?cnica de espectroscopia de imped?ncia. Catodos de niquelato de lant?nio obtidos por serigrafia e sinterizados a 1300 ?C por 4 h apresentaram uma resist?ncia espec?fica de ?rea (REA) de 2,85 ohm.cm2 a 800 ?C em atmosfera de oxig?nio. O niquelato de lant?nio foi misturado com o material do eletr?lito e sinterizado na mesma temperatura usada para sinteriza??o do filme de catodo a fim de avaliar poss?veis rea??es qu?micas entre estes materiais. Os materiais mostraram bons resultados eletroqu?micos se comparados com a literatura e estabilidade qu?mica at? a temperatura de 1300 ?C. / Solid oxide fuel cells are the most efficient devices ever invented for the conversion of chemical fuels directly into electrical energy. These devices still have the disadvantage of operating at relatively high temperature. La2-xNiO4+d cathode, series materials with structure K2NiF4, have been considered as very promising materials due to their high mixed ionic electronic to intermediate temperature. The interest in these oxides as functional material for cathode increased because of its oxygen permeability and its stability. This material has coefficient of thermal expansion compatible with electrolytes from the La10-x(SiO4)6O2+-d family and apatite structure. These electrolytes have higher conductivities than zirconia-based electrolytes if used in the same temperature range as the above-mentioned cathode. This work reports the synthesis of apatite-type lanthanum silicate powders with nominal composition La10Si6O27 and Lanthanum nickelate (La2NiO4) for using as electrolyte and cathode materials, respectively, in solid oxide fuel cells. The lanthanum silicate was obtained from a co-precipitation chemical route, while the cathode was obtained by the citrate method. The herein proposed synthetic procedure is advantageous in reducing energy consumption and processing time, key elements to decrease the total manufacturing cost. At the end of the syntheses, the precursors powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The lanthanum silicate powders as prepared were calcined between 500 and 900 ?C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Already the lanthanum nickelate was calcined in a single temperature 1200 ?C for 4h and characterized by SEM. The structural characterization of the electrolyte indicated the formation of biphasic material after calcination at 900 ?C. The effect of sintering temperature, ranging from 1400 to 1450 ?C, on the electrical properties was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Electrical measurements were recorded in the 400 ? 800 ?C temperature range in air. The lanthanum silicate electrolyte sintered at 1450 ?C exhibited total electrical conductivity 2.12 x 10-3 S.cm-1 in 700 ?C comparable with samples from literature prepared and sintered at 1500 ?C. The electrochemical performance as cathode material was evaluated in a symmetrical cell configuration (cathode/substrate/cathode) using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Lanthanum nickelate cathodes obtained by screen printing and sintered at 1300 ? C for 4 h had an area specific resistance (ASR) of 2.85 ohm.cm2 at 800 ? C under oxygen atmosphere. Lanthanum nickelate was mixed with the electrolyte material and sintered at the same temperature used to sinter the cathode film, in order to evaluate possible chemical reactions between them. The materials showed good electrochemical results compared to the literature and chemical stability up to 1300 ? C.

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