Devido a dificuldade em se modelar a contribuição de aporte de sedimentos provenientes de erosões lineares em uma bacia hidrográfica, muitas vezes estes são desconsiderados nos estudos hidrossedimentológicos, contudo, podem corresponder a parcela significativa do assoreamento. O presente projeto analisou como a contribuição de uma voçoroca no município de Santo Antônio do Aracanguá (SP), para o assoreamento do Ribeirão das Cruzes, tributário do reservatório da UHE Três Irmãos (Rio Tietê). O estudo foi conduzido por meio de pesquisa teórica (levantamento bibliográfico), coletas de dados na área de estudo e por meio de simulação computacional. Com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento foram quantificados o volume assoreado no tributário determinado por levantamento batimétrico (12,31 hm³) e o volume de solo erodido na voçoroca por meio de levantamento topográfico (0,22 hm³). Comparando estes resultados obtivemos a contribuição de 1,80% da erosão linear para o assoreamento do tributário nos 21,12 anos anteriores a pesquisa. No entanto, devido a estimativa do surgimento e desenvolvimento da voçoroca estar associado aos últimos 7,11 anos, a contribuição no assoreamento para este período foi de 5,17%. O estudo ainda apontou o depósito destes sedimentos nos primeiros 2 km à jusante da interface erosão-represa. Erosões lineares podem contribuir significativamente no processo de assoreamento como demonstrado no estudo de caso, sendo necessário se considerar este tipo de contribuição nos estudos de aporte de sedimento em corpos d\'água. / Due the difficulty of modeling the contribution of sediment delivery from linear erosions in a watershed, these are often overlooked in hydrosedimentological studies, however, may represent a significant portion of siltation. This project analyzes the contribution of a gully erosion in Santo Antonio do Aracanguá (SP) for the sedimentation of Ribeirão das Cruzes, a tributary of the UHE Three Brothers reservoir (Tietê River). The study was conducted from theoretical research (bibliographic research), data collection in the study area and through computer simulation. With the aid of GIS tools were quantified the silted volume in the tributary, determined by bathymetric survey (12.31 hm³) and the volume of eroded soil in the gully erosion by topography surveying (0.22 hm³). Comparing these results, we have obtained the contribution of 1.80% from linear erosion to the sedimentation in the tributary during the 21.12 years preceding the survey. However, due to estimative of the beginning and development of the gully erosion being associated with the last 7.11 years, the contribution to sedimentation in this period was 5.17%. The study also accused the deposit of sediment in the first 2 km downstream interface \"erosion-dam\". Linear erosions can contribute significantly in the process of sedimentation as shown in the study case, being necessary to consider this type of contribution in studies of sediment input into water bodies.

This thesis presents analysis of the hydrodynamic and sedimentation changes of the Causeway Lake, Queensland. It was created in 1939 when a causeway and bridge construction was built across the estuary entrance. Since the construction, significant sediment retention has occurred in the lake. The sediment study presented in this thesis was undertaken based on historical data, field data measurement and numerical modelling, supported by theoretical analysis. Based on bathymetry data for the period from 1986 and 2003, an average of 2500 m3/year of sediment has settled in the estuary. To verify the sources of sedimentation, field measurements were undertaken at selected sections at two upstream boundaries (Mulambin and Shoal Creeks), and at the downstream boundary under the bridge. Four sets of field measurements with tidal elevation up to 4.5 m (0.8 m above the bridge sill) were analysed. Results showed that sediment transport in from the sea side was about 1050 m3/year and from the catchments area was in the order of 1100 m3/year (wash load was not included). Implementation of numerical modelling using RMA required calibration using field data. The predicted sediment transport was in order of 2900 m3/year. The calibrated model was used to simulate the sedimentation pattern for the next 10 years. Four scenarios were analysed, and the resulting recommendation was to dredge out about 141,000 m3 sediment from the Mulambin Creek branch area. Other solutions were also suggested: improvement of lake management and possibility to raise the sill level (water gate).

Devido a dificuldade em se modelar a contribuição de aporte de sedimentos provenientes de erosões lineares em uma bacia hidrográfica, muitas vezes estes são desconsiderados nos estudos hidrossedimentológicos, contudo, podem corresponder a parcela significativa do assoreamento. O presente projeto analisou como a contribuição de uma voçoroca no município de Santo Antônio do Aracanguá (SP), para o assoreamento do Ribeirão das Cruzes, tributário do reservatório da UHE Três Irmãos (Rio Tietê). O estudo foi conduzido por meio de pesquisa teórica (levantamento bibliográfico), coletas de dados na área de estudo e por meio de simulação computacional. Com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento foram quantificados o volume assoreado no tributário determinado por levantamento batimétrico (12,31 hm³) e o volume de solo erodido na voçoroca por meio de levantamento topográfico (0,22 hm³). Comparando estes resultados obtivemos a contribuição de 1,80% da erosão linear para o assoreamento do tributário nos 21,12 anos anteriores a pesquisa. No entanto, devido a estimativa do surgimento e desenvolvimento da voçoroca estar associado aos últimos 7,11 anos, a contribuição no assoreamento para este período foi de 5,17%. O estudo ainda apontou o depósito destes sedimentos nos primeiros 2 km à jusante da interface erosão-represa. Erosões lineares podem contribuir significativamente no processo de assoreamento como demonstrado no estudo de caso, sendo necessário se considerar este tipo de contribuição nos estudos de aporte de sedimento em corpos d\'água. / Due the difficulty of modeling the contribution of sediment delivery from linear erosions in a watershed, these are often overlooked in hydrosedimentological studies, however, may represent a significant portion of siltation. This project analyzes the contribution of a gully erosion in Santo Antonio do Aracanguá (SP) for the sedimentation of Ribeirão das Cruzes, a tributary of the UHE Three Brothers reservoir (Tietê River). The study was conducted from theoretical research (bibliographic research), data collection in the study area and through computer simulation. With the aid of GIS tools were quantified the silted volume in the tributary, determined by bathymetric survey (12.31 hm³) and the volume of eroded soil in the gully erosion by topography surveying (0.22 hm³). Comparing these results, we have obtained the contribution of 1.80% from linear erosion to the sedimentation in the tributary during the 21.12 years preceding the survey. However, due to estimative of the beginning and development of the gully erosion being associated with the last 7.11 years, the contribution to sedimentation in this period was 5.17%. The study also accused the deposit of sediment in the first 2 km downstream interface \"erosion-dam\". Linear erosions can contribute significantly in the process of sedimentation as shown in the study case, being necessary to consider this type of contribution in studies of sediment input into water bodies.

No description available.

O processo de sedimentação em reservatórios gera várias conseqüências, dentre elas, o impacto acumulativo da perda de capacidade de armazenamento destes. Este fato faz com que, dependendo dos usos, eles percam a sua funcionalidade tal como a capacidade de regularização de vazão. Tais efeitos não afetam somente uma única atividade econômica que venha a existir nesses reservatórios. Grande parte do modelo econômico que é sustentado pelos usos nestes é afetado. A sedimentação é um processo que não se consegue resolver totalmente, cabendo somente a utilização de técnicas adequadas de manejo da bacia de contribuição do reservatório, reduzindo assim o assoreamento. A presente pesquisa teve como base informações coletadas no reservatório da UHE de Três Irmãos SP, sendo tais informações provenientes de cartas topográficas, estações de monitoramento de chuva, imagens de satélites e campanhas de batimetria no reservatório em estudo. Assim obteve-se que o reservatório está com aproximadamente 6,73% do seu volume assoreado, com uma taxa anual media de assoreamento de 0,4%, se mantendo abaixo da média brasileira e mundial, que é de respectivamente de 0,5% e 1%. / The sedimentation process in reservoirs brings some consequences, among them, the cumulative impact on lacking of the storage capacity of those reservoirs. Depending on the uses of those reservoirs, they may lose their capability of flow regularization. Such effects not only affect one kind of economical activity that may exist upon these reservoirs. A considerable part of the economical model that is supported by those uses is also affected. The sedimentation is a process that can\'t be completely solved, unless the correct use of suitable techniques of management of the contribution basin of the reservoir can reduce the siltation. This research has its foundation on the collected information on the Três Irmãos hydroelectric power plant reservoir, consisting of topographic maps, rain monitoring checkpoints, satellite images and bathymetri campaigns on that reservoir. Thus, it was concluded that the reservoir has approximately 6,73% of its volume silted, and also has a annual average rate of siltation of 0,4%, below the brazilian and world average, 0,5% and 1%, respectively.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O ArquipÃlago de Cabo Verde, situado na costa ocidental africana, sofre influÃncia do deserto de Saara tornando o clima caracterizado por pluviometria muito baixa e distribuÃda irregularmente no espaÃo e no tempo. As chuvas sÃo muito concentradas, gerando grandes escoamentos para o mar. O aumento da disponibilidade hÃdrica requer alÃm da construÃÃo e manutenÃÃo de infraestrutura de captaÃÃo e conservaÃÃo de Ãguas pluviais, uma gestÃo eficiente destes recursos. Atualmente, constitui um dos eixos estratÃgicos da polÃtica do Estado de Cabo Verde, a captaÃÃo, o armazenamento e a mobilizaÃÃo de Ãguas superficiais atravÃs de construÃÃo de barragens. Estudos do comportamento hidrolÃgico e sedimentolÃgico do reservatÃrio e da sua bacia de contribuiÃÃo constituem premissas bÃsicas para adequados dimensionamento, gestÃo e monitoramento da referida infraestrutura. à nesse sentido que o presente estudo objetivou sistematizar informaÃÃes hidrolÃgicas e sedimentolÃgicas da bacia hidrogrÃfica da Barragem de PoilÃo (BP) e apresentou proposta operacional de longo prazo. A Ãrea de estudo ocupa 28 km da Bacia HidrogrÃfica da Ribeira Seca (BHRS) na Ilha de Santiago. A altitude da bacia varia de 99 m, situada na cota da barragem, atà 1394 m. Para o estudo, foram utilizados e sistematizados sÃrie pluviomÃtrica de 1973 a 2010, registros de vazÃo instantÃnea do perÃodo 1984 a 2000 e registros agroclimÃticos da Ãrea de estudo de 1981 a 2004. Para o preenchimento das falhas tanto dos escoamentos como da descarga sÃlida em suspensÃo, foi utilizado o mÃtodo de curva chave. Para estimativa de produÃÃo de sedimentos na bacia, aplicou-se a EquaÃÃo Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE) associada à razÃo de aporte de sedimentos (SDR). O Ãndice de retenÃÃo de sedimentos no reservatÃrio foi estimado pelo mÃtodo de Brune e a distribuiÃÃo de sedimento pelo mÃtodo empÃrico de reduÃÃo de Ãrea descrito por Borland e Miller e revisado por Lara. Para gerar e simular curvas de vazÃo versus garantia foi utilizado cÃdigo computacional VYELAS, desenvolvido por AraÃjo e baseado na abordagem de Campos. TambÃm foi avaliada uma possÃvel reduÃÃo da vazÃo de retirada do perÃodo 2006 a 2026, provocada pelo assoreamento do reservatÃrio. Concluiu-se que, em mÃdia, a precipitaÃÃo anual à de 323 mm, concentrando-se 73% nos meses de agosto e setembro; a bacia de contribuiÃÃo apresenta nÃmero de curva (CN) 76, com abstraÃÃo inicial (Ia) de 26 mm, coeficiente de escoamento de 19% e vazÃo anual afluente de 1,7 hm (Cv = 0,73); a disponibilidade hÃdrica para garantia de 85% à 0,548 hmÂ/ano e nÃo 0,671 hmÂ/ano, como indica o projeto original da barragem. Com uma descarga sÃlida avaliada em 22.185 mÂ/ano, estima-se que, atà o ano de 2026, a capacidade do reservatÃrio seja reduzida a uma taxa de 1,8 % ao ano, devido ao assoreamento, provocando uma reduÃÃo de 41% da disponibilidade hÃdrica inicial. Em 2026, segundo as estimativas dessa pesquisa, as perdas por evaporaÃÃo e sangria deverÃo ser da ordem de 81% da vazÃo afluente ao reservatÃrio. Na base desses resultados se apresentou proposta de operaÃÃo da Barragem de PoilÃo / Cape Verde Islands, located in the West African coast, are influenced by the Sahara desert, making the climate characterized by very low rainfall and great spatial and temporal variability. The rainfall events are highly concentrated generating large flows to the sea. The increase of water availability requires construction and maintenance of infrastructure to capture and conserve rainwater, and also an efficient management of these resources. Nowadays, capture, storage and mobilization of water surface through construction of dams is one of the strategic priorities of the policy of the State of Cape Verde. Studies of hydrology and sedimentology of the only existing reservoir (PoilÃo Dam, 1.2 hmÂ) and its watershed are the basic requirements for adequate design, management and monitoring of this infrastructure. In this sense, the present study aimed at systematizing hydrological and sediment information of the PoilÃo Dam and providing a long-term operational proposal. The altitude of the basin varies from 99 m, situated on the dam, up to 1394m. For the study, the following data were used and systematized: rainfall dataset from 1973 to 2010; records of instantaneous flow for the period of 1984 to 2000; and agro-climatic records from 1981 to 2004. To fill the gaps of both flow and suspended-sediment discharge, the rating-curve method was used. To estimate sediment yield in the watershed it was applied the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), associated with the Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR). The sediment release efficiency rate of the reservoir was estimated by Brune method and the sediment distribution inside the reservoir by the empirical area reduction method described by Borland and Miller, and reviewed by Lara. To assess water availability, water yield versus reliability curves were used. These curves were obtained by the computer code VYELAS, developed by AraÃjo and based on Campos approach. The reduction of the water yield (caused by the reservoir silting) within the period from 2006 to 2026 was also assessed. It was concluded that the average annual rainfall in the watershed is 323 mm, concentrating 73% in August and September; the watershed presents a number of curve (CN) of 76 with an initial abstraction (Ia) of 26 mm, the runoff coefficient is 19% and the average annual inflow is 1.7 hm (coefficient of variation 0.73); the water availability at 85% reliability level is estimated at 0.548 hmÂ/year and not 0.671 hmÂ/year as the original design indicates. With a sediment discharge estimated at 22,185 mÂ/year, it was concluded that, by the year 2026, the annual reservoir storage capacity reduction rate is 1.18% (due to siltation), causing a 41% reduction of the initial water availability. At that time, losses due to evaporation and spillway overflow totalize 81% of annual inflow. Based on these results, a PoilÃo reservoir operation proposal is presented

Siltation in reservoirs is becoming an important problem as the dams are getting older in the world. The general dam practice has been implemented in a sequence that / planning, design, construction, operation of dam until the accumulated sediment prevents its purpose function or functions. Unfortunately, effects of sedimentation and fate of the left over dams in the future are not figured. Indeed, these negative effects could be avoided, life of the reservoir can be prolonged and even the reservoir will last forever by minimizing the sedimentation. Therefore in this study, the methods that provide extension of reservoir life are discussed hydraulically, economically and applicability point of view. In addition, there is open source package program RESCON which examines and compares some sediment removal techniques economically and also hydraulically. RESCON is used in conjunction with several cases / namely &Ccedil / ubuk Dam-I, Bor&ccedil / ka Dam and Muratli Dam. Moreover, some sensitivity analyses are carried out in order to scrutiny of the program for Turkish economic conditions.

The water quality in the United States has greatly improved since the implementation of the Clean Water Act (CWA) in the early 1970s. Unfortunately, the Clean Water Act only addresses one kind of water pollution, point source pollution. The major problem that is present in the degradation of todays water quality has to deal with nonpoint source pollution. Agriculture is commonly regarded as the leading contributor to nonpoint source pollution in the United States. This study uses two analytical tools to try to determine the significant factors in the transport of pollutants in the Lower Kentucky Watershed, located in central Kentucky. Spatial analysis (GIS) coupled with the statistical analysis (SAS), allowed for significant factors to be identified within a small proximity of sampling sites throughout the watershed. The results suggest that although agriculture is commonly regarded as the largest contributor to nonpoint source pollution, other factors outside of agriculture were also found to be significant, such as resident land use and rainfall. The results generated from this study suggest that land managers in communities throughout the watershed should analyze agricultural factors, as well as, factors outside of agriculture, in an effort to protect their communities water quality.

The main goal of this research was to investigate the spatial and temporal impacts of water siltation caused by Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) on the underwater light field of the Tapajós River and its main tributaries (Jamanxim, Novo, Tocantinzinho, and Crepori rivers). In order to accomplish this, two fieldwork research trips were undertaken to collect data associated with water quality and radiometric data. This data provided information to quantify the underwater light field in water affected by a gradient of mining tailings intensity, clustered into five major classes ranging from 0 to 120 mg/L of total suspended solids (TSS) (Chapter 3). In general, with increased TSS from mining operations such as in the Crepori, Tocantinzinho, and Novo rivers, the scattering process prevails over absorption coefficient and, at sub-surface, scalar irradiance is reduced, resulting in a shallower euphotic zone where green and red wavelengths dominate. The effects of light reduction on the phytoplankton community was not clearly observed, which may be attributed to a low number of samples for proper comparison between impacted and non-impacted tributaries and/or to general low phytoplankton productivity in all upstream tributaries. In Chapter 4, aiming to extend the information derived from Chapter 3 over a 40-year period (1973-2012), the TSS concentration along the Tapajós River and its main tributaries was quantified based on in situ data and historical Landsat-MSS/TM/OLI data. Measurements of radiometric data were used to calibrate satellite atmospheric correction and establish an empirical relationship with TSS. The regression estimates TSS with high confidence from surface reflectance (ρ_surf (red)) up to 25%, which corresponds to approximately 110 mg.L-1. The combination of the atmospheric correction and the robust reflectance-based TSS model allowed estimation of TSS in the Tapajós River from the historical Landsat database (40 years). In Chapter 5, the role of the temporal changes of ASGM area in the water siltation over the last 40 years was investigated in four sub-basins: the Crepori, Novo, and Tocantins sub-basins (mined); and the Jamanxim sub-basin (non-mined), considering the landscape characteristics such as soil type and proximity to drainage system. ASGM areas were mapped for five annual dates (1973, 1984, 1993, 2001, and 2012) based on Landsat satellite images. Results showed that ASGM increased from 15.4 km2 in 1973, to 166.3 and 261.7 km2 in 1993 and 2012, respectively. The effects of ASGM areas on water siltation depends on several factors regarding ASGM activities, such as the type of mining, type of gold deposits, and intensity of gold mining, represented by number of miners and gold production. / Graduate / 0373 / 0768 / 0775 / lobo@uvic.ca

Siltation is becoming a big problem as the dams get older all over the world. Conservation and sustainable management of existing reservoirs is gaining more importance than constructing new dams. In this study the program RESCON, which is outcome of a World Bank sponsored project, has been used to examine sediment removal strategies (flushing, hydrosuction sediment removal, dredging and trucking) for four dams of Turkey namely &Ccedil / ubuk I Dam, Bayindir Dam, ivriz Dam and Bor&ccedil / ka Dam. Sediment measurements are made by governmental agencies in Turkey. In this study characteristics of these measurements will be presented for the future sediment related studies. Then sediment removal strategies which were used in RESCON will be introduced. Evaluation of RESCON results have been made and compared with previous studies for verification except Bor&ccedil / ka Dam, since it is under construction.