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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A study of the kinetics of the mercury reaction with the silver-tin dental alloys

Koger, John Wayne 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
2

Estudo da brasabilidade de contatos elétricos por metal de adição 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu. / Investigation of electrical contacts brazeability by filler metal 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu.

Capeletti, Thiago 13 March 2008 (has links)
Contatos elétricos são aplicados na área de geração, manuseio e distribuição de energia elétrica, sendo fabricados em metais condutores como: cobre eletrolítico e suas ligas. Através de alguns métodos de brasagem, pastilhas com propriedades de condutividade, elétrica e térmica, mais apuradas são brasadas sobre estas bases condutoras. Em função da substituição do cádmio por um elemento menos nocivo ao homem e ao meio ambiente, o estanho vem se difundindo com rapidez, apoiado por iniciativas internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a brasabilidade de um metal de adição na liga 40%Ag-21%Zn- 20%Cd-19%Cu, sobre metais de base em: cobre eletrolítico, latão (65%Cu-35%Zn), prata pura e prata-óxido de estanho (90%Ag-10%SnO2) através dos ensaios da gota séssil e da cunha. As amostras foram caracterizadas metalograficamente. Os resultados mostraram que a brasabilidade para todos os substratos empregados estava dentro de valores de ângulo de contato menores que 10o, com exceção do substrato prata-óxido de estanho. Para este material ocorreu o demolhamento, dificultando a caracterização da sua molhabilidade. / Electrical contacts are manufactured with conductive metals, like electrolytic copper and its alloys. These products are used in electric circuits to manage the electrical energy. Electrical contacts assemblies can be built up by brazing joining methods, which improves electrical and thermal conductivity in non-ferrous substrates. The cadmium oxide, present into electrical contact alloys, has been replaced by tin oxide due to environmental issues, to meet the actual internationals agreements. The objective of this work is to evaluate the brazeability of a filler metal 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu, on non-ferrous substrates, like: electrolytic copper, brass (65%Cu-35%Zn), silver and silver tin-oxide (90%Ag- 10%SnO2) using sessile drop and edge tests. The results showed that the brazeability of all non-ferrous substrates depicted contact angles less than 10º, except for the silver-tin oxide substrate. For silver-tin oxide substrate dewetting took place and the measurement of contact angles was impossible.
3

Effets des ultrasons sur l'élaboration de revêtements électrolytiques d'argent et d'argent-étain : nucléation, croissance et structures cristallines / Effects of ultrasound on the electrodeposition of silver and silver-tin coatings : nucleation, growth and crystalline structures

Nevers, Aymeric 07 June 2017 (has links)
Les propriétés des revêtements électrolytiques sont intimement liées à leurs morphologies et structures cristallines, qui sont elles-mêmes fortement dépendantes de la présence d’additifs organiques et des paramètres d’électrodéposition (densité de courant, courant continu vs pulsé). Une alternative intéressante tient dans l’utilisation des ultrasons durant l’électrodéposition, de manière à modifier la microstructure sans utiliser d’additifs, ou au minimum, de réduire leur quantité. La littérature montre que les ultrasons peuvent en effet agir sur l’électrodéposition par la réduction de la taille des grains, de la porosité ou par l’augmentation de la brillance des revêtements.Pour ce travail, les revêtements ont été réalisés à partir d’une solution d’argentage issue de la littérature et d’un électrolyte d’argent-étain spécifiquement formulé pour cette étude et ont été caractérisés par diverses techniques (MEB-EDS, DRX, EBSD). Ces analyses ont été réalisées de façon à évaluer l’effet des ultrasons (20 et 575 kHz) sur leur morphologie, leur structure cristalline et leur composition élémentaire. Pour isoler l’effet des bulles de cavitation de celui propre aux courants de convection, tous les revêtements ont été réalisés exactement au même niveau d’agitation, en absence et en présence d’ultrasons, pour une condition « hydrodynamique équivalente »Lors de l’électrodéposition de l’argent, les ultrasons favorisent une morphologie et une structure cristalline particulière, qui se distingue par une croissance latérale. La mesure de l’uniformité en épaisseur des revêtements réalisés sur des substrats possédant des formes complexes montre que l’utilisation des ultrasons basse fréquence permet également de diminuer la dispersion en épaisseur à une valeur proche de 10%. L’électrodéposition de revêtements d’argent-étain sous ultrasons apporte des modifications considérables en termes d’aspect, d’homogénéité et de composition. Les changements de composition de l’alliage concernent aussi bien le pourcentage élémentaire moyen de chaque métal que la teneur des différentes / Properties of electrodeposited coatings are directly related to their morphology and structure, which are strongly influenced by the presence of organic additives and electrodeposition parameters (current density, direct vs pulsed current). An attractive possibility results in the use of ultrasound during electrodeposition, to influence the microstructure without using chemicals, or at least, by reducing their quantity. Many works in the literature describe the beneficial effect of ultrasound in plating, reporting finer grains, reduced porosity and increased brightness.In the present study, conventional cyanide silver bath as well as silver-tin electrolyte specifically formulated were used. Coatings were characterized by several methods such as SEM-EDS, XRD, and EBSD. These analysis were performed to evaluate the ultrasound (20 and 575 kHz) effect on the morphology, crystalline structure and elementary composition of coatings. To insulate the effect of cavitation bubbles from convection flow, all coatings had to be elaborated exactly with the same agitation in absence or presence of ultrasound, at an “equivalent flow” condition.During silver electrodeposition, ultrasound affect coatings properties by promoting specifics morphology and crystalline structure obtained by lateral growth. The thickness uniformity was measured on substrates with complex shapes. In this case, the use of low-frequency ultrasound allow to reduce thickness dispersion to a value close to 10%. The electrodeposition of silver-tin under sonication bring significant changes on the coatings appearance, homogeneity and composition. These modifications concerns both the elementary composition and the distribution of crystalline phases. Moreover, this behaviour is strongly dependant of the ultrasound frequency.
4

Estudo da brasabilidade de contatos elétricos por metal de adição 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu. / Investigation of electrical contacts brazeability by filler metal 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu.

Thiago Capeletti 13 March 2008 (has links)
Contatos elétricos são aplicados na área de geração, manuseio e distribuição de energia elétrica, sendo fabricados em metais condutores como: cobre eletrolítico e suas ligas. Através de alguns métodos de brasagem, pastilhas com propriedades de condutividade, elétrica e térmica, mais apuradas são brasadas sobre estas bases condutoras. Em função da substituição do cádmio por um elemento menos nocivo ao homem e ao meio ambiente, o estanho vem se difundindo com rapidez, apoiado por iniciativas internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a brasabilidade de um metal de adição na liga 40%Ag-21%Zn- 20%Cd-19%Cu, sobre metais de base em: cobre eletrolítico, latão (65%Cu-35%Zn), prata pura e prata-óxido de estanho (90%Ag-10%SnO2) através dos ensaios da gota séssil e da cunha. As amostras foram caracterizadas metalograficamente. Os resultados mostraram que a brasabilidade para todos os substratos empregados estava dentro de valores de ângulo de contato menores que 10o, com exceção do substrato prata-óxido de estanho. Para este material ocorreu o demolhamento, dificultando a caracterização da sua molhabilidade. / Electrical contacts are manufactured with conductive metals, like electrolytic copper and its alloys. These products are used in electric circuits to manage the electrical energy. Electrical contacts assemblies can be built up by brazing joining methods, which improves electrical and thermal conductivity in non-ferrous substrates. The cadmium oxide, present into electrical contact alloys, has been replaced by tin oxide due to environmental issues, to meet the actual internationals agreements. The objective of this work is to evaluate the brazeability of a filler metal 40%Ag-21%Zn-20%Cd-19%Cu, on non-ferrous substrates, like: electrolytic copper, brass (65%Cu-35%Zn), silver and silver tin-oxide (90%Ag- 10%SnO2) using sessile drop and edge tests. The results showed that the brazeability of all non-ferrous substrates depicted contact angles less than 10º, except for the silver-tin oxide substrate. For silver-tin oxide substrate dewetting took place and the measurement of contact angles was impossible.
5

Korrelation von Herstellverfahren, Gefüge und Eigenschaften lichtbogenbelasteter Silber-Metalloxid-Kontaktwerkstoffe

Ommer, Matthias 14 May 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Die hohe thermische Belastung des Lichtbogens während des Schaltvorganges bewirkt ein Aufschmelzen des Kontaktwerkstoffes. Für einen kurzen Augenblick schwimmen Metalloxidpartikel in einem Bereich geschmolzenen Silbers. Dies hat eine Gefügeumordnung zur Folge, welche die Eigenschaften des Kontaktes beeinflussen. Die Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, einen Beitrag zur Erweiterung des Verständnisses von Ag/SnO2-Werkstoffen zu leisten, um die Entwicklung neuer und optimierter Kontaktwerkstoffe voranzutreiben und nachhaltig den Einsatz von Umweltressourcen wie Werkstoffe (Edelmetallgehalt) und Energie zu verringern. Dabei nimmt die Gefügecharakterisierung von ungeschalteten und geschalteten Ag/SnO2-Kontaktwerkstoffen einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Die Ausbildung der Kontaktoberfläche und die Ausprägung der Gefügeumordnung (sog. Schaltgefüge) werden in Abhängigkeit der Schaltversuchsart, der Werkstoffzusammensetzung und der Herstellroute der Kontaktwerkstoffe charakterisiert. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Kontaktoberfläche und metallographischer Schliffe (Ionenstrahl poliert) von mehrfach geschalteten Kontakten (≥ 1000 Schaltungen) mittels FE-REM, um anschließend Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Ausgangsgefüge, dem Schaltgefüge und den Schalteigenschaften zu ermitteln. Dazu wird unter anderem die Wirkung der oxidischen Zusätze durch Benetzungsversuche von Ag auf Metalloxidsubstraten experimentell bestimmt. Des Weiteren wird die Schädigung des Werkstoffes durch die reine Lichtbogenbelastung mittels Laufschienenversuchen untersucht, wodurch das Laufverhalten des Lichtbogens und die Bildung der Anoden- und Kathodenkrater in Abhängigkeit des Werkstoffes untersucht werden kann. / During the switching process the contact material is melting. For a short time (about 10 ms) metal oxide particles will be swimming in liquid silver resulting in structural changes which will effect the properties of the contact materials. The goal of this investigation is to contribute to an improvement of knowledge about Ag/SnO2 contact materials in order to promote the development of new and improved contact materials to strongly reduce the stake of environmental resources like materials (precious metal content) and energy. The microstructure characterization of unswitched and switched Ag/SnO2-materials is the significant part of this study. The formation of the contact surface and the structural changes are investigated depending on several switching experiments, material composition and manufacturing process. An essential part of this work is to analyze the contact surface and the changes of the microstructure of multi-switched contacts (number of switches ≥ 1000) by FE-SEM. In order to identify relations between the bulk microstructure, the charged microstructure and switching behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of the oxide additives are investigated by wetting experiments of Ag on the metal oxide substrate. The erosion of the contact material is reviewed by using a running rails experiment with pure arc loading. Thereby it is possible to research the running arc behaviour and the formation of the anode and cathode craters depending on the contact material.
6

Korrelation von Herstellverfahren, Gefüge und Eigenschaften lichtbogenbelasteter Silber-Metalloxid-Kontaktwerkstoffe

Ommer, Matthias 14 May 2012 (has links)
Die hohe thermische Belastung des Lichtbogens während des Schaltvorganges bewirkt ein Aufschmelzen des Kontaktwerkstoffes. Für einen kurzen Augenblick schwimmen Metalloxidpartikel in einem Bereich geschmolzenen Silbers. Dies hat eine Gefügeumordnung zur Folge, welche die Eigenschaften des Kontaktes beeinflussen. Die Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit besteht darin, einen Beitrag zur Erweiterung des Verständnisses von Ag/SnO2-Werkstoffen zu leisten, um die Entwicklung neuer und optimierter Kontaktwerkstoffe voranzutreiben und nachhaltig den Einsatz von Umweltressourcen wie Werkstoffe (Edelmetallgehalt) und Energie zu verringern. Dabei nimmt die Gefügecharakterisierung von ungeschalteten und geschalteten Ag/SnO2-Kontaktwerkstoffen einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Die Ausbildung der Kontaktoberfläche und die Ausprägung der Gefügeumordnung (sog. Schaltgefüge) werden in Abhängigkeit der Schaltversuchsart, der Werkstoffzusammensetzung und der Herstellroute der Kontaktwerkstoffe charakterisiert. Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Kontaktoberfläche und metallographischer Schliffe (Ionenstrahl poliert) von mehrfach geschalteten Kontakten (≥ 1000 Schaltungen) mittels FE-REM, um anschließend Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Ausgangsgefüge, dem Schaltgefüge und den Schalteigenschaften zu ermitteln. Dazu wird unter anderem die Wirkung der oxidischen Zusätze durch Benetzungsversuche von Ag auf Metalloxidsubstraten experimentell bestimmt. Des Weiteren wird die Schädigung des Werkstoffes durch die reine Lichtbogenbelastung mittels Laufschienenversuchen untersucht, wodurch das Laufverhalten des Lichtbogens und die Bildung der Anoden- und Kathodenkrater in Abhängigkeit des Werkstoffes untersucht werden kann. / During the switching process the contact material is melting. For a short time (about 10 ms) metal oxide particles will be swimming in liquid silver resulting in structural changes which will effect the properties of the contact materials. The goal of this investigation is to contribute to an improvement of knowledge about Ag/SnO2 contact materials in order to promote the development of new and improved contact materials to strongly reduce the stake of environmental resources like materials (precious metal content) and energy. The microstructure characterization of unswitched and switched Ag/SnO2-materials is the significant part of this study. The formation of the contact surface and the structural changes are investigated depending on several switching experiments, material composition and manufacturing process. An essential part of this work is to analyze the contact surface and the changes of the microstructure of multi-switched contacts (number of switches ≥ 1000) by FE-SEM. In order to identify relations between the bulk microstructure, the charged microstructure and switching behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of the oxide additives are investigated by wetting experiments of Ag on the metal oxide substrate. The erosion of the contact material is reviewed by using a running rails experiment with pure arc loading. Thereby it is possible to research the running arc behaviour and the formation of the anode and cathode craters depending on the contact material.

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