Pas de résumé / Fluidized beds are a particular hydrodynamic configuration in which a pack (either dense or loose) of particles laid inside a container is re-suspended as a result of an upward oriented imposed flow at the bottom of the pack. This kind of system is widely used in the chemical engineering industry where catalytic cracking or polymerization processes involve chemical reactions between the catalyst particles and the surrounding fluid and fluidizing the bed is admittedly beneficial to the efficiency of the process. Due to the wide range of spatial scales and complex features of solid/solid and solid/fluid interactions in a dense fluidized bed, the system can be studied at different length scales, namely micro, meso and macro. In this work we focus on micro/meso simulations of fluidized beds. The workflow we use is based on home made high-fidelity numerical tools: GRAINS3D (Pow. Tech., 224:374-389, 2012) for granular dynamics of convex particles and PeliGRIFF (Parallel Efficient LIbrary for GRains In Fluid Flows, Comp. Fluids, 38(8):1608-1628,2009) for reactive fluid/solid flows. The objectives of our micro/meso simulations of such systems are two-fold: (i) to understand the multi-scale features of the system from a hydrodynamic standpoint and (ii) to analyze the performance of our meso-scale numerical model and to improve it accordingly. To this end, we first perform Particle Resolved Simulations (PRS) of liquid/solid and gas/solid fluidization of a 2000 particle system. The accuracy of the numerical results is examined by assessing the space convergence of the computed solution in order to guarantee that our PRS results can be reliably considered as a reference solution for this problem. The computational challenge for our PRS is a combination of a fine mesh to properly resolve all flow length scales to a long enough physical simulation time in order to extract time converged statistics. For that task, High Performance Computing and highly parallel codes as GRAINS3D/PeliGRIFF are extremely helpful. Second, we carry out a detailed cross-comparison of PRS results with those of locally averaged Euler- Lagrange simulations. Results show an acceptable agreement between the micro- and meso-scale predictions on the integral measures as pressure drop, bed height, etc. However, particles fluctuations are remarkably underpredicted by the meso-scale model, especially in the direction transverse to the main flow. We explore different directions in the improvement of the meso-scale model, such as (a) improving the inter-phase coupling scheme and (b) introducing a stochastic formulation for the drag law derived from the PRS results. We show that both improvements (a) and (b) are required to yield a satisfactory match of meso-scale results with PRS results. The new stochastic drag law, which incorporates information on the first and second-order moments of the PRS results, shows promises to recover the appropriate level of particles fluctuations. It now deserves to be validated on a wider range of flow regimes.

D'un point de vu fondamental, la structure micromagnétique d'un point de Bloch est prédite depuis plus de 50 ans, mais représente cependant une singularité topologique dans le cadre de la théorie du micromagnétisme. Par conséquent, une description purement micromagnétique du point deBloch s'avère difficile. Ce manuscrit décrit les outils mathématiques et un ensemble d'algorithmes permettant de combiner un modèle d'Heisenberg classique avec des simulations micromagnétiques sur la base des éléments finis. A l'aide de ces algorithmes, nous pouvonsrigoureusement étudier les propriétés caractéristiques d'un point de Bloch d'une paroi de domaine de type vortex localisée dans un nanofil cylindrique ferromagnétique. Cette thèse décrit le pinning/depinning des points de Bloch au réseau atomique ainsi que les différents modes depropagation détectables pour des parois de domaine sous l'influence d'un champ magnétique externe, qui peut conduire le système à des vitesses supermagnoniques. / The fundamental micromagnetic structure of Bloch points was predicted by micromagnetic theory more than 50 years ago, but represents a topological singularity within the theory of micromagnetism. This complicates a pure micromagnetic description. This thesis describes thenecessary mathematical background and a set of algorithms to combine a classical atomistic Heisenberg model with micromagnetism on the basis of the finite element method. By means of those algorithms the characteristic properties of Bloch points in vortex domain walls inferromagnetic solid cylindrical nanowires can be studied rigorously. ln addition to the pinning/depinning of Bloch points at the atomistic lattice the thesis reports on the different modes of propagation detectable for vortex domain walls in that system under the influence of an externalmagnetic field, which can drive the system of the domain wall and the Bloch point with supermagnonic velocities.

La simulation numérique de l’écoulement des fluides et du transfert dechaleur dans les phénomènes multi-échelles est encore très difficile avecles méthodes numériques conventionnelles, e.g. la méthode de Volumes Finis(FVM) etc. Récemment développée pour simuler les écoulements desfluides, le transfert de chaleur et des phénomènes physiques complexes, laméthode de Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) est basée sur la théorie cinétiquedu fluide, qui possède de nombreuse caractéristiques distinctives. Afind’élargir le champ d’application de LBM, cette thèse doctorale a mené destravaux de recherches systématiques sur la combinaison entre LBM et lesméthodes macroscopiques et sur les modèles thermiques et la simulation dela turbulence en utilisant LBM. Les principales contributions de cette thèsesont: 1. Un couplage multi-échelles LBM-FVM est construit pour les écoulementsdu fluide instationnaire et un opérateur de reconstruction g´en´erale entreLBM et FVM est proposé pour le transfert de l’information; 2. Un modèle thermique 3D de LBM est développé pour les écoulements compressibles thermiques à faible nombre de Mach, et un modèle de LBM entièrement compressible avec factorisation symétrique est proposé pour simuler les écoulements fortement compressibles; 3. Un schéma asymptotique de volumes finis LBM et un schéma de LBM basé sur propagation fractionnaire et collision à demi-étape sont proposés pour simuler les écoulements subsoniques à grande vitesse et transsoniques; 4. La simulation des grandes échelles (LES) turbulentes est effectuée et étudiée dans le cadre de LBM thermique. Un modèle de paroi utilisant LBM thermique est développé pour un écoulement à nombre de Reynolds élevé. / The simulation of fluid flows and heat transfer of multiscale phenomena orprocesses is one of the most challenging domains from the theoretical aswell as the numerical modeling point of view. It is difficult to model andsimulate multiscale problems using conventional computational fluid dynamicsmethods. As an approach based on the mesoscopic kinetic equationfor fluids and has many distinctive features, the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) is a recently developed method for simulating fluid flows, heat transferand complicated physical phenomena. However, the applications of latticeBoltzmann method in actual multiscale problem are still in explorationstage. In order to enlarge the application scope of lattice Boltzmann methodfor multiscale simulation, the present work has conducted systematic researchon combination of LBM and macroscopic methods, thermal lattice Boltzmann models and turbulence simulation using LBM. The major contributions of this dissertation are summarized as follows: 1. A multiscale coupling LBM-FVM is constructed for unsteady fluid flows and a general reconstruction operator between LBM and FVMis proposed for information transfer. 2. A three-dimensional thermal lattice Boltzmann model is developed for thermal compressible flows with variable density in low Machnumber limit. Further more, a fully compressible lattice Boltzmann model with factorization symmetry is proposed for simulating high compressible flow. 3. An asymptotic preserving finite volume scheme LBM and a fractional propagation half step collision LBM are proposed for simulating high subsonic and transonic flows. 4. Large eddy simulation for turbulence is studied in framework of thermallattice Boltzmann method. Wall modeled LES using thermalLBM is developed for high Reynolds number flow.

L’utilisation croissante des matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique dans l’industrie aéronautique passe par une meilleure compréhension de leur comportement mécanique lors d’une exposition à un flux rayonnant (conséquence d’un incendie). Cette étude, portant sur le comportement thermo-mécanique de stratifiés tissés quasi-isotropes composés d’une matrice PPS renforcée par des fibres de carbone, se divise en 3 parties. Tout d’abord, la décomposition thermique du matériau et l’évolution de ses propriétés mécaniques avec la température sont étudiées. Ces données permettent ensuite d’appréhender le comportement de ces matériaux soumis à des chargements combinés (flux rayonnant et chargement mécanique en traction ou en compression, de type monotone à rupture et en fluage). La dernière partie vise à identifier les paramètres matériau nécessaires pour la simulation thermo-mécanique aux échelles macroscopique et mésoscopique. / The increasing use of thermoplastic-based composite materials in the aeronautical industry requires a better understanding of their mechanical behavior when exposed to radiant heat flux (consequence of a fire exposure). This study, which examines the thermo-mechanical behavior of quasi-isotropic woven laminates composed of PPS reinforced with carbon fibers, is divided into 3 parts. First, the thermal decomposition of the material and the evolution of its mechanical properties with temperature is studied. These data help to understand the behavior of these materials subjected to combined loads (radiant heat flux and tensile or compressive loadings). The last part aims to identify the material parameters necessary for thermo-mechanical simulation at macroscopic and mesoscopic scales.