Diss. Wirtschaftswiss. St. Gallen, 1996 : Nr. 1906. / Literaturverz.

Proefschrift--Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool, Rotterdam. / Text in English, summary and inserted notes in Dutch. Stellingen: [1] p. inserted. Bibliography: p. 105-106.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Berlin.

In this thesis we consider the problem of simultaneously approximating elements of a set B C X by a single element of a set K C X. This type of a problem arises when the element to be approximated is not known precisely but is known to belong to a set.Thus, best simultaneous approximation is a natural generalization of best approximation which has been studied extensively. The theory of best simultaneous approximation has been studied by many authors, see for example [4], [8], [25], [28], [26] and [12] to name but a few.

Work focusing on the combination of EMG and fMRI in skeletal muscle. / Two commonly used diagnostic techniques for examining muscle function in vivo are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electromyography (EMG). EMG allows for examination of the functional, electrical activity of muscle during force production. Comparatively, fMRI or more specifically blood oxygen level dependant imaging can be applied to visualize muscle activation and recovery post-exercise. It is a combination of oxygenation, metabolism, blood flow and blood volume. The proposed method combines both techniques in simultaneous data acquisition to provide greater muscle physiological information during exercise. Additionally, both techniques are non-invasive making repeated measurements feasible. EMG hardware filtering was designed and constructed to facilitate EMG measurements alongside MRI scans during simultaneous acquisition. Next, a complex artifact subtraction method called fMRI artifact slice template removal (FASTR) was implemented. With custom scripts and small adaptations to FASTR, it was modified for use with EMG/fMRI, specifically, with a echo planar imaging (EPI) BOLD sequence. Several experiments were then performed to test it's capabilities improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the EMG data from 2.8 to 46 in one case. After EMG hardware and software were developed and implemented, a simple exercise protocol was developed to investigate changes in concurrent BOLD/EMG, recording before, during and following exercise. A linear correlation analyses was performed to compare EMG and BOLD results. A strong correlation between the EMG root-mean-square (RMS) peak amplitude and the length of time to recover back to baseline was noted (r=0.681, n=3). For future studies, multiple EMG measurements should be applied to improve the amount of information collected during voluntary exercise. Lastly, this technique may have usage with not just BOLD MRI scans, but with various other techniques such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in order to further probe muscle physiology. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Two commonly used methods for detecting disease and injury in muscle are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electromyography (EMG). EMG provides information about the electrical activity of muscle during exercise, while MRI scans give two or three dimensional images of the body. Using these two techniques at the same time, provides the opportunity to obtain greater physiological information of muscle during and after exercise. The goal of this work was to design and create an EMG system that functioned alongside MRI scans. However, combining these two techniques presented several challenges that needed to be solved before this was possible. These issues were resolved and diminished by utilizing specific hardware and software solutions alongside rigorous testing. Additionally, results from the combination of these two techniques have demonstrated there is great potential for future studies. In conclusion, using EMG and MRI together is feasible, and allows for further investigation into muscle physiology.

No description available.

Several methods to solve a system of linear equations with real and complex coefficients exist. The most popular methods are Gauss-Jordan, L-U Decomposition, Gauss-Seidel, and Matrix Reduction. These methods are utilized to optimize run-time of the DLANET circuit analysis program. As concluded by this study, the Matrix Reduction method which is presently utilized in the DLANET program, results in run-times which are faster than the other solution methods studied in this paper for lower order systems. Similarly, the L-U Decomposition and Gauss-Jordan methods result in faster run-times than the other techniques for higher order systems. Finally, the Gauss-Seidel Iterative method, when incorporated into the DLANET program, has proven to be much slower than the other solution methods considered in this paper.

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Wideband data acquisition units have been used as part of an instrumentation system for several decades. Historically, these units operated asynchronously from each other, and from the rest of the instrumentation system when installed on the same test vehicle. When many wideband units are required to slave their formats or sampling rate to the test vehicle’s event of interest such as external computer event clock, radar, or laser pulse train; few solutions were available. Additionally, a single test vehicle may use ten to thirty wideband units operating at up to 20 Mbps each. Such systems present a challenge to the instrumentation engineers to synchronize, transmit safety of flight information, and record. This paper will examine a distributed wideband data acquisition system in which each acquisition unit operates under its own data rate and format, yet remains fully synchronized to an external fixed or variable simultaneous sampling rate to provide total system coherency. The system aggregate rate can be as low as a few Mbps to as high as 1 Gbps. Data acquired from the acquisition units is further multiplexed per IRIG-106 chapter 10 using distributed data multiplexers for recording.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / Flight Termination is a control action that takes place when missiles or targets violate estabished safety criteria. The flight termination receiver, part of a ground to air control loop, is characterised by high system integrity and dedication to recovering and decoding the command signals. The paper describes the factors that have influenced the design and build of a robust Pulse Code Modulation Flight Termination Receiver for use on UK Trial Ranges. This work has been carried out with the support of UK MoD(PE), A ARM 51, on contract number A ARM 13b/224.

Natural selection acts on multiple traits simultaneously. How mechanisms underlying such traits enable or constrain their response to simultaneous selection is poorly understood. We show how antagonism and synergism among three traits at the developmental level enable or constrain evolutionary change in response to simultaneous selection on two focal traits at the phenotypic level. After 10 generations of 25% simultaneous directional selection on all four combinations of body size and development time in Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), the changes in the three developmental traits predict 93% of the response of development time and 100% of the response of body size. When the two focal traits were under synergistic selection, the response to simultaneous selection was enabled by juvenile hormone and ecdysteroids and constrained by growth rate. When the two focal traits were under antagonistic selection, the response to selection was due primarily to change in growth rate and constrained by the two hormonal traits. The approach used here reduces the complexity of the developmental and endocrine mechanisms to three proxy traits. This generates explicit predictions for the evolutionary response to selection that are based on biologically informed mechanisms. This approach has broad applicability to a diverse range of taxa, including algae, plants, amphibians, mammals, and insects.