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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A compreens?o de rea??o qu?mica como um sistema complexo a partir da discuss?o dos erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino m?dio

Meneses, F?bia Maria Gomes de 15 October 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-20T21:51:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiaMariaGomesDeMeneses_TESE.pdf: 3548488 bytes, checksum: 82c1b49fbed074cc6175d3f6ed8fda0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-21T20:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiaMariaGomesDeMeneses_TESE.pdf: 3548488 bytes, checksum: 82c1b49fbed074cc6175d3f6ed8fda0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:06:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiaMariaGomesDeMeneses_TESE.pdf: 3548488 bytes, checksum: 82c1b49fbed074cc6175d3f6ed8fda0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-15 / O estudo das rea??es qu?micas encontra-se entre os conte?dos mais importantes para a compreens?o da disciplina de Qu?mica. Mas ainda s?o pouco os estudos que apresentam as rea??es qu?micas como sistema complexo. A tese aqui apresentada tem como objetivo investigar, identificar e caracterizar os erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem de estudantes em rela??o as rea??es qu?micas como sistema complexo, utilizando para tanto a an?lise das respostas de 126 provas de estudantes candidatos ao curso de Licenciatura em Qu?mica, oferecido pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Foram investigados e discutidos os erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem dos par?metros ?G, Kp, Ea e do c?lculo de quantidade de subst?ncia numa rea??o qu?mica e a inter-rela??o desses par?metros no estudo das rea??es qu?mica como sistema. O trabalho classificou em n?veis de desenvolvimento a habilidade de interpretar a rea??o qu?mica como sistema. A partir de entrevistas realizadas com professores de Qu?mica, do Ensino M?dio, se determinou as raz?es a que os professores atribuem esses erros e dificuldades de aprendizagem. A aprendizagem das rea??es qu?mica no Ensino M?dio perpassa por conceitos de termoqu?mica, de cin?tica, do equil?brio e os seus aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos, esses conceitos n?o possuem uma articula??o org?nica entre si para a melhor compreens?o de como ocorre e porque ocorre uma rea??o qu?mica, o que garante a compreens?o dos sentidos das partes numa totalidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os estudantes n?o compreendem o conceito de ?G, Kp, Ea. Os professores n?o trabalham na perspectiva de integra??o dos conte?dos o que leva os alunos a apresentarem dificuldades e cometerem erros relacionados ao conte?do citado. O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de organiza??o dos conte?dos da Qu?mica para o Ensino M?dio como uma possibilidade de integra??o sist?mica dial?tica dos conte?dos, entendendo que essa vis?o sistem?tica, leva a importantes contribui??es com o desenvolvimento do pensamento te?rico dos alunos. A estrutura??o dos conte?dos da Qu?mica apresentado nesse trabalho, fundamenta-se no m?todo de an?lise sist?mico dial?tico funcional-estrutural desenvolvidos Reshetova (1988) e N?nez (1992). Essa tese traz contribui??es significativas para o ensino-aprendizagem de uma rea??o qu?mica como sistema complexo. / The study of chemical reactions is among the most important contents to the understanding of Chemistry discipline in basic education. However, there are still few studies about chemical reactions as a complex system because, generally, this content is presented in textbooks, taught and even researched in a fragmented form. The thesis here presented aims to investigate, identify and characterize the mistakes and learning difficulties of the students about chemical reactions as a complex system, using for that purpose the analysis of the answers of 126 exams of candidates for the bachelor?s degree in Chemistry Teaching on the entrance exam for the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The mistakes and learning difficulties about the parameters ?G?, Kp, Ea and of the calculation of the amount of substance in a chemical reaction have been identified, as well as the levels of development of the ability to interpret the chemical reaction as a system. The main theoretical source of this study is structured based on the mistakes and learning difficulties (N??EZ, RAMALHO, 2012), of the chemical reactions as complex systems (N??EZ, 1994; RESHETOVA, 1988; SANDERSON, 1968). As methodology, it was prioritized the analysis of the answers to the exams and the interview with the teachers. The results showed typical mistakes in the study of this subject, especially low levels and skill development. No student was able to integrate the different aspects in the systemic understanding of the chemical reaction. From the interviews with Chemistry teachers from High School, it was determined the reasons the teachers assign to those mistakes and learning difficulties. The interviews revealed that the teachers do not work in the perspective of integration of the contents which leads the students to present difficulties and make mistakes related to the content previously mentioned. The study presents a proposal for the organization of the contents of Chemistry discipline for High School as a possibility of a dialectic systemic integration of contents, understanding that this systematic vision, leads to important contributions to the development of the theoretical thinking of the students. We can mention as one of the conclusions of this study, the fact that the non-systemic organization of contents do not favor this kind of thinking in students.

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