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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

O Sistema de Ensino Belas-Artes no Curso de Arquitetura da Ècole des Beaux-Arts de Paris em sua tradição e ruptura: legado de saber e de poder

Malacrida, Sérgio Augusto 31 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3043.pdf: 13472377 bytes, checksum: 643372ef6a8710eaf7b934def17e7b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-31 / The Fine-Arts Teaching System, founded by the École des Beaux-Arts of Paris in its Architecture Course, which lasted from 1671 to 1968, is considered to be a supreme asset of cultural and symbolic importance in which the traditional school, related to the French capitalist state, was expressed. Furthermore, it is also understood to be cultural capital which merits preservation. The history of the École, the world's most famous institution for the teaching of art and which has influenced the installation of ramifications of its model in various countries, reveals a series of crises which culminated with the final catastrophe in 1968, when the Architecture Course was closed and the competition for the Great Prize of Rome was discontinued. Throughout its history the École always maintained its base in relationships with powerful groups related to the nobility and influenced by prestige, status, pleasure and knowlege. These facts serve to explain the political and cultural processes which have preserved the important relevance of the Fine-Arts Teaching System. Power is an intrinsic factor of art and of the understanding of its essence, originality and knowledgepower, and this is evident and explicit in the formation of the systematised enlightenment of Graeco-Roman classicism conceived in the neoclassic style and practised rightly by the famous French school. The "rigid"classic rules, on being systematised, became powerknowledge to benefit primarily the aristocracy, the monarchical State and afterwards the interests of an authoritarian State regime. The closure of the Architecture Course and the extinction of the Great Prize of Rome Competition , while confirming the phenomenon of genealogical power, exposes the problem of non-flexibilisation of Education in the political and cultural areas in order to defend, above all, the knowledge-power of art in the classic model of Fine-Arts. The industrialisation and growth of the cities and the emergence of new social and political structures, together with their "utopias", are facts which have changed the positive power of classic works to that of technology and of engineering, thus giving origin to modern archtecture. These developments were not considered in relation to the principles of Graeco-Roman culture, which were founded in humanism as represented in the poetry of expression of sensitivity and of emotion. In this respect research indicates defence of the educational principles of a school interested in art and archtecture and focused on the potential it has for the communication of knowledge. In such connection, it should be remembered that schools in general, obsessed as they are by the spirit of commercial objectivity, tend to favour the power-knowledge attitude. Nevertheless, the knowledge-power of the Fine-Arts Teaching System can be saved and should be appreciated as the basic teaching value of a school disinterested in power without knowledge, which is to say power that is not intrinsically art. / O Sistema de Ensino Belas-Artes, instituído pela École des Beaux-Arts de Paris no Curso de Arquitetura de 1671 a 1968, é compreendido como um capital simbólico e cultural valioso, no qual a tradicional escola, relacionado ao Estado capitalista francês, se expressou. A história da École a mais famosa instituição de ensino da arte do mundo, que influenciou a criação de ramificações de seu modelo em vários países revela um processo de crises que culminaram no abalo fatal de 1968, no qual aconteceu o fechamento do Curso de Arquitetura e a extinção do concurso O Grande Prêmio de Roma. Essa história teve sempre como base as relações de poder, vinculado à nobreza, ao prestigio, ao status, ao prazer e ao saber, e serve para explicar os processos políticos e culturais que operaram a pertinência do Sistema de Ensino Belas- Artes. O poder intrínseco à arte, do saber na sua essência e originalidade, saber-poder, evidencia-se e explica-se na construção do conhecimento sistematizado do classicismo grecoromano, concebido no estilo neoclássico, operado justamente pela famosa escola francesa. Os rígidos cânones clássicos, ao serem sistematizados, tornaram-se poder-saber para servir primeiramente à aristocracia, os quais compunham o Estado monárquico, e depois aos interesses de um Estado autoritário. O fechamento do Curso de Arquitetura e a extinção do concurso O Grande Prêmio de Roma, ao confirmarem o fenômeno do poder na sua genealogia, expõem o caráter do problema da não flexibilização do Ensino no campo político e cultural, a fim de defender, sobretudo, o saber-poder da arte no modelo clássico das Belas- Artes. A industrialização e o crescimento das cidades, o surgimento de novas estruturas sociais e políticas, bem como suas utopias, são fatos que deslocaram o poder de construção de obras clássicas para o da tecnologia e da engenharia, dando assim origem a arquitetura moderna. Esses acontecimentos, não foram refletidos e relacionados aos princípios da cultura greco-romana, fundados no humanismo e implicados na poética da expressão do sensível e na emoção. Assim, a pesquisa aponta a defesa do processo educacional de uma escola interessada na arte e na arquitetura no sentido do potencial que elas tem de instaurar o saber, considerando que as escolas, de modo geral, tendem a ser interessadas no poder-saber, envolvidas, como são, pelo espírito da objetividade mercantilista. Todavia, o saber-poder no Sistema de Ensino Belas-Artes pode ser resgatado e deve ser prezado como base, em uma escola de um ensino desinteressado do poder que não seja saber, isto é, que não seja da arte intrinsecamente.

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