Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-02-11T10:17:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CLAUDIA_XAVIER_MACHADO_COMPLETO.pdf: 4166195 bytes, checksum: 914f8cc6a45d8edc0b72d48dc67658f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T10:17:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_CLAUDIA_XAVIER_MACHADO_COMPLETO.pdf: 4166195 bytes, checksum: 914f8cc6a45d8edc0b72d48dc67658f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the intensification of the greenhouse effect and consequent environmental change shows, once again, the need to find mitigation measures to the problem. In this context, the technology of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Geological Storage (BECCS) has emerged as a promising alternative for reducing emissions. BECCS projects are based on the concept of generating negative emissions by capturing CO2 from the biomass burning or processing, for example, for biofuel production, and storage in geological reservoirs. The implementation of such projects in Brazil is interesting due to two factors: a) the significant production of ethanol from biomass and b) the occurrence of extensive sedimentary basins with potential reservoirs for storage. This study aims to determine the potential to reduce Brazilian emissions through geological storage of carbon dioxide resulting from ethanol production. Thus, the source-sink matching methodology was applied using a Geographic Information System (GIS) with georeferenced data from stationary emission sources (ethanol plants), transport networks (pipelines) and storage sites (wells and sedimentary basins). In this way, it was possible to determine areas (clusters) with potential for deployment of BECCS projects, evaluating them in terms of volume of CO2 emissions (CO2 avoided potential). / A contribui??o das emiss?es antropog?nicas na intensifica??o do efeito estufa e consequentes altera??es ambientais evidencia, mais uma vez, a necessidade de se encontrar medidas de mitiga??o para o problema. Neste contexto, as tecnologias de captura e armazenamento de carbono com bioenergia (BECCS, do ingl?s Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Geological Storage) surgem como uma alternativa promissora para a redu??o das emiss?es. Projetos de BECCS se baseiam no conceito de gerar emiss?es negativas por meio da captura do CO2 proveniente da queima ou processamento de biomassa, por exemplo, para produ??o de biocombust?vel, e posterior armazenamento em reservat?rio geol?gico. A aplica??o de projetos deste tipo no Brasil ? interessante devido a dois fatores: a) a significativa produ??o de etanol no pa?s a partir de biomassa e b) a extensa ocorr?ncia de bacias sedimentares com reservat?rios potenciais para armazenamento. O presente estudo se prop?e a determinar o potencial de redu??o das emiss?es brasileiras atrav?s do armazenamento geol?gico de di?xido de carbono resultante da produ??o de etanol. Para isso, foi aplicada a metodologia de associa??o fonte-reservat?rio (source-sink matching) utilizando um Sistema de Informa??es Geogr?ficas (SIG) com dados georreferenciados de fontes emissoras estacion?rias (plantas de etanol), redes/sistemas de transporte (dutos) e locais de armazenamento (po?os e bacias sedimentares). Desta forma foi poss?vel determinar ?reas com potencial para implanta??o de projetos de BECCS e avali?-las quanto ao potencial de emiss?es evitadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizANP_DISSERT_1-80.pdf: 5205000 bytes, checksum: a0528798e1c98d3a73a67178f824421d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-12 / This study includes the results of the analysis of areas susceptible to degradation by remote sensing in semi-arid region, which is a matter of concern and affects the whole population and the catalyst of this process occurs by the deforestation of the savanna and improper practices by the use of soil. The objective of this research is to use biophysical parameters of the MODIS / Terra and images TM/Landsat-5 to determine areas susceptible to degradation in semi-arid Paraiba. The study area is located in the central interior of Para?ba, in the sub-basin of the River Tapero?, with average annual rainfall below 400 mm and average annual temperature of 28 ? C. To draw up the map of vegetation were used TM/Landsat-5 images, specifically, the composition 5R4G3B colored, commonly used for mapping land use. This map was produced by unsupervised classification by maximum likelihood. The legend corresponds to the following targets: savanna vegetation sparse and dense, riparian vegetation and exposed soil. The biophysical parameters used in the MODIS were emissivity, albedo and vegetation index for NDVI (NDVI). The GIS computer programs used were Modis Reprojections Tools and System Information Processing Georeferenced (SPRING), which was set up and worked the bank of information from sensors MODIS and TM and ArcGIS software for making maps more customizable. Initially, we evaluated the behavior of the vegetation emissivity by adapting equation Bastiaanssen on NDVI for spatialize emissivity and observe changes during the year 2006. The albedo was used to view your percentage of increase in the periods December 2003 and 2004. The image sensor of Landsat TM were used for the month of December 2005, according to the availability of images and in periods of low emissivity. For these applications were made in language programs for GIS Algebraic Space (LEGAL), which is a routine programming SPRING, which allows you to perform various types of algebras of spatial data and maps. For the detection of areas susceptible to environmental degradation took into account the behavior of the emissivity of the savanna that showed seasonal coinciding with the rainy season, reaching a maximum emissivity in the months April to July and in the remaining months of a low emissivity . With the images of the albedo of December 2003 and 2004, it was verified the percentage increase, which allowed the generation of two distinct classes: areas with increased variation percentage of 1 to 11.6% and the percentage change in areas with less than 1 % albedo. It was then possible to generate the map of susceptibility to environmental degradation, with the intersection of the class of exposed soil with varying percentage of the albedo, resulting in classes susceptibility to environmental degradation / A presente pesquisa compreende os resultados de an?lises de ?reas suscet?veis a degrada??o ambiental por sensoriamento remoto no semi-?rido nordestino, o que ? um fato preocupante e atinge toda popula??o e o efeito catalisador desse processo ocorre pelo desmatamento da caatinga e por pr?ticas inadequadas do uso do solo. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa ? utilizar par?metros biof?sicos do sensor MODIS/Terra e as imagens TM/Landsat-5 para determinar as ?reas suscept?veis ao processo de degrada??o no semi-?rido para?bano. A ?rea de estudo localiza-se no sert?o central da Para?ba, na Sub-bacia do Rio Tapero?, com m?dias anuais de precipita??o inferiores a 400 mm e temperatura m?dia anual de 28?C. Para a elabora??o do mapa de cobertura vegetal foram utilizadas as imagens TM/Landsat- 5, especificamente, a composi??o colorida 5R4G3B, mais utilizada para mapeamento do uso do solo. Este mapa foi confeccionado pela Classifica??o Supervisonada por M?xima Verossimilhan?a. A legenda corresponde aos seguintes alvos: vegeta??o de caatinga densa e esparsa; vegeta??o ciliar e solo exposto. Os par?metros biof?sicos utilizados do sensor MODIS foram: emissividade, albedo e ?ndice de Vegeta??o por Diferen?a Normalizada (NDVI). Os programas computacionais de geoprocessamento utilizados foram o Modis Reprojections Tools e o Sistema de Processamento de Informa??es Georreferenciadas (SPRING), no qual foi montado e trabalhado o banco de informa??es dos sensores MODIS e TM e o software ArcGIS para a confec??o de cartas mais customiz?veis. Inicialmente, avaliou o comportamento da vegeta??o pela emissividade por meio da adapta??o da equa??o de Bastiaanssen sobre o NDVI para espacializar a emissividade e observar as altera??es durante o ano de 2006. O albedo foi utilizado para visualizar o seu percentual de aumento nos per?odos de dezembro de 2003 e 2004. As imagens do sensor TM/Landsat usadas foram do m?s de dezembro de 2005, de acordo com a disponibilidade das imagens e no per?odo de menor emissividade. Para estas aplica??es foram feitos programas em Linguagem Espacial para Geoprocessamento Alg?brico (LEGAL), que ? uma rotina de programa??o do SPRING, a qual permite realizar v?rios tipos de ?lgebras de dados e mapas espaciais. Para a detec??o de ?reas suscept?veis ao processo de degrada??o ambiental levou-se em considera??o o comportamento da emissividade da caatinga que se mostrou sazonal coincidindo com o per?odo chuvoso atingindo o m?ximo de emissividade nos meses de abril a julho e nos restantes dos meses uma baixa emissividade. Com as imagens do albedo de dezembro de 2003 e 2004, foi verificado o seu aumento percentual, o que possibilitou a gera??o de duas classes distintas: ?reas com aumento da varia??o percentual de 1 a 11,6% e ?reas com varia??o percentual inferior a 1% do albedo. A partir da? foi poss?vel gerar o mapa de susceptibilidade ? degrada??o ambiental, com o cruzamento da classe de solo exposto com a varia??o percentual do albedo, resultando em classes susceptibilidade ? degrada??o ambiental

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdelsonLL_DISSERT.pdf: 4321760 bytes, checksum: 6713cd42f04db2851670b86192ca27de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work proposes a collaborative system for marking dangerous points in the transport routes and generation of alerts to drivers. It consisted of a proximity warning system for a danger point that is fed by the driver via a mobile device equipped with GPS. The system will consolidate data provided by several different drivers and generate a set of points common to be used in the warning system. Although the application is designed to protect drivers, the data generated by it can serve as inputs for the responsible to improve signage and recovery of public roads / O trabalho prop?e um sistema colaborativo para marca??o de pontos perigosos em vias de transporte e gera??o de alertas para motoristas. Ele consistire de um sistema de alerta de proximidade de um ponto de perigo, que ser? alimentado pelos pr?prios motoristas atrav?s de um aparelho m?vel equipado com GPS. O sistema dever? consolidar dados fornecidos por v?rios motoristas diferentes e gerar um conjunto de pontos comuns que ser?o usados no sistema de alerta. Embora a aplica??o seja destinada ? prote??o de motoristas, os dados gerados por ela poder?o servir de insumos para os ?rg?os respons?veis melhorarem a sinaliza??o e recupera??o de vias p?blicas