Akademisk afhandling--Copenhagen. / Summary also in Danish. "Also published as Supplement no. 44 to Acta dermato-venereo-logica, vol. 41." Bibliography: p. 143-148.

Afhandling (M.D.)--Copenhagen. / Summary in English and Danish. Bibliography: p. [101]-114.

Inaug.-Diss.--Erlangen.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains 52 pages. Bibliography: p. 45-51.

Background and objectives This research explores the trend of skin-lightening in Senegal from an experiential and health systems perspective. Skin-lightening - a practice mostly done by women consisting of topically applying lightening products - is a widespread trend in Senegal, a country still grappling with a colonial legacy of racism and colorism. Although there is growing research on the health impacts of this practice, the impact of widespread skin-lightening practices from a health system perspective remains scarcely explored. Approach The main research question is, “what are the health system impacts of skin-lightening trends among Senegalese women?” Three sub-questions were addressed: 1. What are the key health and health care implications of the use of skin-lightening products as identified in the literature? 2. How do these health and health care implications influence the skin-lightening practices of Senegalese women? 3. How can this knowledge inform health care decision-makers in Senegal? A multi-phased approach consisted first of a scoping review on the topic and second, in-depth interviews with 13 Senegalese women to gather insights on skin-lightening practices and their health system implications. Results The findings from the two methodological approaches addressed three main themes: motivations, practices, and effects. Negative and positive motivations for the practice of skin-lightening emerged with some overlapping and nuanced factors which highlighted the complex reality of skin-lightening trends. Skin-lightening practices included two influences: community practices and personal practices of women interviewed. It appears that skin-lightening in sub-Saharan Africa can often be associated with age as it seems to greatly affect younger women. Finally, insights on the effects of skin-lightening highlighted many dermatological problems. Other health concerns were also mentioned including some mental health problems which emphasized dissatisfaction with the practice for long-term users of skin-lightening products. Conclusion The knowledge generated from this research highlights existing misconceptions regarding skin-lightening trends in the community. It can support a more informed health system response to the utilization of skin-lightening products and help develop evidence-informed guidance for all relevant actors in this practice

Class of 2009 Abstract / OBJECTIVES: Skin cancer is particularly prevalent in Arizona, with incidence rates ranking number two worldwide. Pharmacists are useful advocates for educating patients about the risks of skin cancer and methods of prevention. This study was conducted to assess pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer and their demographics and to evaluate how these factors impact skin cancer prevention patient counseling. METHODS: Participants were recruited using a listserv from pharmacists that were members of the Arizona Pharmacy Alliance or preceptors of the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy. Subjects completed an online questionnaire consisting of knowledge- based questions, questions about patient counseling preferences and subject demographics. RESULTS: The average score by pharmacists on the Skin Cancer and Sun Exposure Knowledge Indicator was 5.8 + 1.9. Pharmacists living in Arizona for longer times were more likely to know the minimum recommended SPF of sunscreen for adults to use when outdoors (p=0.003) and the factors associated with malignant melanoma prognosis/survival (p=0.004), but were less likely to know the definition of ABCD acronym (p=0.027). Having a family or friend diagnosed with any form of skin cancer or precancerous skin condition led to more pharmacists knowing the risk factors for developing melanoma (p=0.046) and knowing how often to apply water resistant sunscreen (p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: The length of pharmacy practice in Arizona and having a family member or close friend affected by skin cancer significantly impacted a pharmacists’ knowledge of skin cancer.

Skin is the largest organ of the human body. It is the first line of defense between the vulnerable organs and tissues of the body and the environment. Healthy skin is paramount to avoiding infection and disease. Therefore, any breach in the skin represents a significant risk to the health and comfort of its owner. Friction blisters are one of the most common modes of damage to human skin. In some extreme cases, such as those who suffer from Epidermal Bullosa, friction blisters are a very common and painful occurrence. Prior research on blister formation has been performed at mostly an observational level. In some cases, blisters have been deliberately created on human volunteers or animal test subjects. However, these studies are very difficult to recreate due to the legal issues of human and animal testing and the fact that no two people will have the same response to external stimulus. Other studies have followed athletes or soldiers who use different textile fabrics for socks or clothing to determine which have significant effects. Concurrent studies have focused on mimicking human skin for haptics research in product development. These have made great strides in introducing engineering properties such as coefficient of friction (COF) and elastic modulus into the field of skin study. While these studies are very useful to understanding the properties and mechanisms of human skin in rubbing applications, their primary audience is the cosmetics industry or product developers. There is a significant opportunity to take a similar approach of applying an engineering viewpoint to repeatably model the onset and formation of blisters on human skin. The authors have developed the Synthetic Skin Simulant Platform (3SP) to fulfill this role. The 3SP is a three-layer composite of elastomeric materials that outputs a visually recognizable blister upon sufficiently strong shear loading. The authors determined through two factorial experiments conducted on a custom wear testing table which variables were most significant to blister formation in the 3SP. The results showed that COF and dermal stiffness are the primary contributors. This agrees with prior literature about the significance of COF, and it suggests that dermal stiffness is a significant factor that merits examination in future blister research. Finally, the authors ran another experiment to ascertain the influence of textile fabrics and surface treatments on blister formation in the 3SP. The results demonstrated that surface treatments of corn starch and aloe-based lubricant were effective at mitigating blister formation on the 3SP. Furthermore, the results show that fabric is also bordering statistical significance on blistering.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-90). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-245). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.