Species distributions reflect the suite of resources and range of environmental conditions required by a species. Distributions of many species change seasonally, however, in response to changes in resource availability and environmental conditions, many of which are projected to shift in response to climate change. We sought to identify environmental and anthropogenic factors associated with seasonal changes in the distribution of vertebrates that inhabit the Madrean Archipelago in southern Arizona, which is important for identifying mechanisms through which climate change may affect these species. From July 2012 to February 2015 (966 days), we used remote cameras to survey 200 sites across 16 mountain ranges for a total of 69,434 trap days and used dynamic occupancy models to determine how landscape features, vegetation composition, and anthropogenic factors influenced the distributions and seasonal rates of local colonization and extinction of 13 vertebrates. For these 13 species, we recorded 37,888 detections, with gray foxes, skunks, and squirrels detected most frequently. Bobcats, cottontails, gray foxes, skunks, squirrels, javelina, puma, and coatimundis were all detected across the entire range of elevations surveyed, from 935 to 2395 m. Black bears and wild turkeys were never detected below 1270 m, Sonoran opossums never detected above 1980 m, and coyotes and ringtails never detected above 2020 m. Composition and structure of vegetation in the understory, midstory, and overstory influenced initial occupancy of several species, including skunks, coatimundis, Sonoran opossums, and cottontails. Season, either directly or as an interaction with the estimated amount of solar radiation reaching a site, influenced local extinction rates of all 13 target species and local colonization rates of 9 of 13 species. Elevation influenced local colonization rates of black bears and coatimundis positively, and coyotes, Sonoran opossums, and cottontails negatively, and local extinction rates of skunks negatively and coyotes and black bears positively. These patterns indicate that the distributions of many species in this region change seasonally, likely as a mechanism to meet dietary, behavioral, or physiological needs in response to shifts in environmental conditions and resource availability. Therefore, species that depend on seasonal resources may be at higher risk of distributional shifts or range contractions if the distribution and phenology of these resources change in response to changes in climate.

Orientador: Alexandre Dal Pai / Resumo: O presente trabalho sugere modelos de correção para a irradiância solar difusa medida com o disco de sombreamento. A irradiância global foi medida por um piranômetro Eppley-PSP; a irradiância normal direta por um pireliômetro Eppley-NIP adaptado a um dispositivo de rastreamento solar ST-3 e irradiância difusa por um piranômetro Eppley-PSP instalado em um disco de sombreamento. O Laboratório de Radiometria Solar da Universidade Estadual Paulista forneceu as medições durante os anos de 1997 a 2000. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os modelos sugeridos, o modelo para todas as coberturas de céu e o modelo para as diferentes coberturas de céu melhoram a medida da irradiância difusa pelo método do disco de sombreamento permitindo a geração de um banco de dados de radiação global, direta e difusa, sem altos investimentos financeiros. A medida da Irradiância difusa sem correção apresentou um MBE de -4,64% e um RMSE de 12,23%, enquanto que os modelos de correção para todas as coberturas de céu e para as diferentes coberturas de céu obtiveram MBE de 0,48% e 0,85 e RMSE de 10,52% e 9,91%, respectivamente. / Doutor

This set of drawings, paintings, and photographs explores the realms of knowledge and experience in architecture through analytical and perceptual means. In other words, how physical, material considerations inform the experience of moving through space, the perception of space, and the memory of place. These themes and questions are considered through the design of an observation tower that punctuates the ambiguous joint between land and water, earth and sky on the southwestern most point on the Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. / Master of Architecture

Studies of internal gravity waves in the earth's upper atmosphere are of considerable interest. These waves play a very important role in the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (ML T) region where they can transfer large amounts of energy and momentum from the lower atmosphere via wave saturation and dissipation. In particular, small-scale short-period (50ms"1) . Another unusual characteristic of "frontal events" is an apparent reversal in contrast of the wave structures as imaged in the hydroxyl (OH) emission (peak altitude- 87 km) when compared with the oxygen (OJ) "green line" (557.7 nm) emission (peak altitude -96 km) that can sometimes occur. In one isolated case, observed from Haleakala, Hawaii, the bright wave crests in the OH emission appeared to propagated through a dark structureless sky, whereas in the OI emission the same waves appeared to propagate into a bright sky, leaving an apparently depleted emission in its wake. Recent theoretical studies based on noble measurements have shown that frontal events may be due to a "bore-like" intrusion that raises the OJ (557. 7 nm) layer by a few km and at the same time depresses the OH layer by a similar amount. However, studies of fronts and bores in the ML T region are exceptionally rare. I have discovered and analyzed 16 frontal events from image data recorded at Bear Lake Observatory, Utah ( 41.6°N, 111.6°W), over the past four years. I have investigated some of their properties such as their horizontal wavelengths, horizontal phase speeds, observed periods, and their directions of motion. In addition, I have made comparative measurements of their relative intensities in the OH and OI emissions. These studies provide the first "extensive" data set on such events detailing their morphology and dynamics and should provide important information necessary for a deeper understanding of their occurrence frequency and properties.

The purpose of this Electronic Film Review (EFR) Project was to take the feature film October Sky and apply the EFR approach to an ESL setting. By the use of a special EFRaid player, high-intermediate to low-advanced ESL/EFL students access vocabulary and cultural material in short segmented clips in order to improve their listening and overall comprehension of the film. This material was developed and tested by the materials developer of this project.

In the face of rapid urbanization, megacities have witnessed the rise of skyscrapers as central social hubs. However, the predominant design approach for these towering structures has primarily focused on practical considerations, often overlooking the spiritual well-being of individuals. This oversight has led to detrimental consequences such as mental health challenges, pervasive social isolation, and increased crime rates. While halting skyscraper construction is not a practical solution, a compelling need emerges for a fresh design approach. A paradigm shift in skyscraper design is proposed, drawing inspiration from the organic formation of neighborhoods. This approach advocates for creating vertical settings within skyscrapers, which aim to offer rejuvenating experiences through abundant social spaces. These vertical neighborhoods blend communal learning areas, recreational zones, relaxation spaces, and green areas that foster natural human connections. By strongly emphasizing enclosed and open public spaces and implementing programs encouraging interaction, the envisioned design seeks to nurture healthy relationships and facilitate genuine human connections, ultimately fostering a more cohesive and closely-knit society. / Master of Architecture / Skyscrapers, while iconic in urban areas, often overlook the spiritual needs of individuals, leading to negative consequences like mental health issues, social isolation, and increased crime rates. Instead of halting skyscraper construction, a transformative design approach is needed. Imagine a skyscraper that resembles a horizontal neighborhood with blocks, streets, and social spaces. Inspired by the natural formation of districts, this concept proposes vertical neighborhoods that offer abundant social spaces and a healing experience. The design integrates communal learning areas, recreational zones, relaxation spaces, and green areas, promoting natural human connections and addressing the prevalent isolation in megacities. This design aims to nurture healthy relationships and facilitate genuine human connections by emphasizing enclosed and open public spaces and programs that encourage interaction, ultimately fostering a more united and connected society. This innovative approach seeks to redefine the purpose of skyscrapers, transforming them into vibrant communities that prioritize people's well-being and spiritual fulfillment.

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For any artist, imagination is a powerful and necessary instrument for everyday creation. It is like a magical engine that drives the artist forward. But what is imagination? How do we keep this engine running nonstop? According to the Italian philosopher Giovan Battista Vico, imagination is nothing but extended or compounded memory, imagination is nothing but the springing up of reminiscences, and ingenuity or invention is nothing but the working over of what is remembered.So we can easily understand that people create or invent things out of what they have seen, what they have experienced, and what they have engaged with their own bodies. In my thesis, I'm not competing with the artists in imagination or creation, but I'm trying to offer them this architectural environment that would be transfigured into memory through senses. The artists living and working in this tower building are encouraged to move vertically through stairways and vertically aligned public spaces. By engaging the body and senses in this vertical movement, the artists would find their way out of the urban canyon to the sky of imagination. They would also be able to live lightly above the bustling world of reality. / Master of Architecture

This is a long building comprised of a series of five rooms set in a field and open to the sky and the surrounding landscape in varying degrees. It is a building that makes a place that encourages manâ s contemplation of the world and the role he and his works play within it. I believe there is no one correct reading of, or meaning to, the work, just as there is no one correct answer to such a broad and complex issue on which individual perspectives can often be very personal and given to unanticipated changes. After all, the world is a very fluid place and the ambiguities of meaning are many. Because of this complexity as well as my own personal desire to make work that can support a number of different readings, the elements of the building have been abstracted to their essential characteristics and identities in order to free up their symbolic potentials. The architectural elements are open vessel into which one can pour their own thoughts and feelings and questions on the matter. I have done my best to communicate my own thoughts on the work, as both they and it stand now, in the text to follow. / Master of Architecture