Every architecure is being with life-force such as a plant who lives on the photosynthesis that need carbon dioxide + water + light energy, and provide oxygen in day time. On the contrary, Plants need oxygen and release carbon dioxide while they can not carry out the photosunthesis in night time. But both chemical reactions occurring on the same plant in different time in a day. People normally spend one-third of their for working in an office or studying in school, and their home is empty during the day time. People use the rest of their time on a dinner in restaurant outside, other activities or events; back to home to rest and nobody occupies commercial area in night time. Why can we not do all of life's events in the same building or place whenever we wish? / Master of Architecture

Roof venting is often utilised in large warehouses to remove smoke in order to reduce damage to a building and its contents, and to maintain access for fire-fighters. In New Zealand, the Compliance Document for the New Zealand Building Code C clauses recommends 15 % opening area for unsprinklered single floor buildings. This opening area is required to be designed for effective fire venting. There is no justification for why 15 % is required, and no definition of how fire venting qualifies as being effective. Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to simulate the performance of various roof venting strategies in two different-sized industrial warehouses (both larger than 1,500 m²) with a 50 MW fire with both a rapid and an extreme t³ growth rate. In particular, roof venting areas of 15 %, 10 %, and 5 % of the floor area were tested with each of the following inlet areas for make-up air: 100 %, 50 %, and 0 % of roof venting area. In each of these cases, the vents were treated as permanently-open holes in the roof. It was shown that roof venting with 15 % geometric area is ample to provide and maintain tenability for fire-fighters. With sufficient inlet area for make-up air, smaller venting areas could also be employed. Further simulations were run to test the effect of square-shaped vents that opened simultaneously at 100°C compared with square-shaped vents that opened sequentially at 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C, and strip-shaped vents that opened progressively as each portion of a vent reached activation temperatures of 200°C and 300°C. Vents that opened at 100°C were intended to represent mechanical vents, while vents opening at higher temperatures were intended to represent plastic sky-light or drop-out type vents. The activation temperature proved to be more influential than the opening sequence or shape: there was a significant advantage to be gained by having vents that activated at 100°C as opposed to 200°C or 300°C. The role of downstands in aiding the effectiveness of roof venting was also investigated, with downstand depths of 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % of the ceiling height being simulated. Downstands were shown to be incredibly useful for exhausting smoke and hot gases, provided their installation was appropriately coordinated with placement of roof venting. It is concluded that a clear definition of effective fire venting must not only include the area of roof venting, but equally important is the definition of required inlet area for make-up air, as it plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of the specified roof venting area. In addition, the clear aerodynamic area should be specified. This could be achieved by use of a discharge coefficient that describes the proportion of the roof venting area that is clear aerodynamic area for a particular material, vent, and geometric area. Development of a clear definition of effective fire venting will help to determine how an economic fire protection system can be continued to be used, while going a long way to ensuring predictable and tenable conditions for fire-fighters in New Zealand.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design and process of the construction-technical part of the project documentation for realization of the new building of the mountain guest-house house in Karolina with an accommodation capacity of 36 people. The building is located on a slope, it is a basement, it has 2 underground floors and 3 aboveground floors. The building is roofed with a saddle roof with a concrete roofing. Vertical support structures are made from the Porotherm system. In addition to the project, an architectural study, a fire report and a thermal-technical assessment of the house are also included.

Title: Atmospheric Rendering Author: Mgr. Lukáš Hošek Department: Department of Software and Computer Science Education Supervisor: doc. Dr. Alexander Wilkie, Department of Software and Computer Sci- ence Education Abstract: The sky is an important feature of all outdoor scenes. This thesis explores the topic of skydome models - an approach to getting the sky and atmospheric effects integrated into a renderer. We discuss the physics of atmospheric scattering and de- scribe in detail the construction of a first-principles path tracer atmospheric simulator implementation. The presented path tracer is fully spectral and produces polarization data. Finally, we present two different analytic skydome models. These analytic mod- els are highly practical because they can be integrated even into real-time renderers and provide an excellent combination of fidelity and low computational cost. The first model is a simpler version, providing just the skydome spectral radiance. The second model also provides polarization data, after-sunset skies with an accurate modeling of Earth's shadow, aerial perspective and full sphere data. Keywords: computer graphics, rendering, skylight models, atmospheric modeling

The master’s thesis investigates daylight qualities and visitors’ perception in the central atriumof Medelhavsmuseet in Stockholm, Sweden. The investigation started from personal observationof the space where a feeling of darkness was experienced despite the existing skylight.The visitors’ perception of daylight and space were examined through a survey, and it wascompared to daylight simulations where it was proven that the museum’s daylight quality couldbe classified as a minimum. It is suspected that visitor perception of the space was consideredto be bright due to the use of artificial light, and the brightness of the prevailing weather conditionsduring the time of the survey (mid-April). The daylight conditions as per the survey andsimulations are considered to be sufficient if not a little muted during the lighter half of the year,but during the darker seasons, they are likely to be insufficient. Furthermore, it is proposed thatre-designing the skylight, changing the way the artwork is displayed or changing the materialof the skylight could drastically improve daylight quality, in turn benefiting visitor experience.

La polarisation est le phénomène qui décrit les orientations des oscillations des ondes lumineuses qui sont limitées en direction. La lumière polarisée est largement utilisée dans le règne animal,à partir de la recherche de nourriture, la défense et la communication et la navigation. Le chapitre (1) aborde brièvement certains aspects importants de la polarisation et explique notre problématique de recherche. Nous visons à utiliser un capteur polarimétrique-catadioptrique car il existe de nombreuses applications qui peuvent bénéficier d'une telle combinaison en vision par ordinateur et en robotique, en particulier pour l'estimation d'attitude et les applications de navigation. Le chapitre (2) couvre essentiellement l'état de l'art de l'estimation d'attitude basée sur la vision.Quand la lumière non-polarisée du soleil pénètre dans l'atmosphère, l'air entraine une diffusion de Rayleigh, et la lumière devient partiellement linéairement polarisée. Le chapitre (3) présente les motifs de polarisation de la lumière naturelle et couvre l'état de l'art des méthodes d'acquisition des motifs de polarisation de la lumière naturelle utilisant des capteurs omnidirectionnels (par exemple fisheye et capteurs catadioptriques). Nous expliquons également les caractéristiques de polarisation de la lumière naturelle et donnons une nouvelle dérivation théorique de son angle de polarisation.Notre objectif est d'obtenir une vue omnidirectionnelle à 360 associée aux caractéristiques de polarisation. Pour ce faire, ce travail est basé sur des capteurs catadioptriques qui sont composées de surfaces réfléchissantes et de lentilles. Généralement, la surface réfléchissante est métallique et donc l'état de polarisation de la lumière incidente, qui est le plus souvent partiellement linéairement polarisée, est modifiée pour être polarisée elliptiquement après réflexion. A partir de la mesure de l'état de polarisation de la lumière réfléchie, nous voulons obtenir l'état de polarisation incident. Le chapitre (4) propose une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer les paramètres de polarisation de la lumière en utilisant un capteur catadioptrique. La possibilité de mesurer le vecteur de Stokes du rayon incident est démontré à partir de trois composants du vecteur de Stokes du rayon réfléchi sur les quatre existants.Lorsque les motifs de polarisation incidents sont disponibles, les angles zénithal et azimutal du soleil peuvent être directement estimés à l'aide de ces modèles. Le chapitre (5) traite de l'orientation et de la navigation de robot basées sur la polarisation et différents algorithmes sont proposés pour estimer ces angles dans ce chapitre. A notre connaissance, l'angle zénithal du soleil est pour la première fois estimé dans ce travail à partir des schémas de polarisation incidents. Nous proposons également d'estimer l'orientation d'un véhicule à partir de ces motifs de polarisation.Enfin, le travail est conclu et les possibles perspectives de recherche sont discutées dans le chapitre (6). D'autres exemples de schémas de polarisation de la lumière naturelle, leur calibrage et des applications sont proposées en annexe (B).Notre travail pourrait ouvrir un accès au monde de la vision polarimétrique omnidirectionnelle en plus des approches conventionnelles. Cela inclut l'orientation bio-inspirée des robots, des applications de navigation, ou bien la localisation en plein air pour laquelle les motifs de polarisation de la lumière naturelle associés à l'orientation du soleil à une heure précise peuvent aboutir à la localisation géographique d'un véhicule / Polarization is the phenomenon that describes the oscillations orientations of the light waves which are restricted in direction. Polarized light has multiple uses in the animal kingdom ranging from foraging, defense and communication to orientation and navigation. Chapter (1) briefly covers some important aspects of polarization and explains our research problem. We are aiming to use a polarimetric-catadioptric sensor since there are many applications which can benefit from such combination in computer vision and robotics specially robot orientation (attitude estimation) and navigation applications. Chapter (2) mainly covers the state of art of visual based attitude estimation.As the unpolarized sunlight enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is Rayleigh-scattered by air, and it becomes partially linearly polarized. This skylight polarization provides a significant clue to understanding the environment. Its state conveys the information for obtaining the sun orientation. Robot navigation, sensor planning, and many other applications may benefit from using this navigation clue. Chapter (3) covers the state of art in capturing the skylight polarization patterns using omnidirectional sensors (e.g fisheye and catadioptric sensors). It also explains the skylight polarization characteristics and gives a new theoretical derivation of the skylight angle of polarization pattern. Our aim is to obtain an omnidirectional 360 view combined with polarization characteristics. Hence, this work is based on catadioptric sensors which are composed of reflective surfaces and lenses. Usually the reflective surface is metallic and hence the incident skylight polarization state, which is mostly partially linearly polarized, is changed to be elliptically polarized after reflection. Given the measured reflected polarization state, we want to obtain the incident polarization state. Chapter (4) proposes a method to measure the light polarization parameters using a catadioptric sensor. The possibility to measure the incident Stokes is proved given three Stokes out of the four reflected Stokes. Once the incident polarization patterns are available, the solar angles can be directly estimated using these patterns. Chapter (5) discusses polarization based robot orientation and navigation and proposes new algorithms to estimate these solar angles where, to the best of our knowledge, the sun zenith angle is firstly estimated in this work given these incident polarization patterns. We also propose to estimate any vehicle orientation given these polarization patterns. Finally the work is concluded and possible future research directions are discussed in chapter (6). More examples of skylight polarization patterns, their calibration, and the proposed applications are given in appendix (B). Our work may pave the way to move from the conventional polarization vision world to the omnidirectional one. It enables bio-inspired robot orientation and navigation applications and possible outdoor localization based on the skylight polarization patterns where given the solar angles at a certain date and instant of time may infer the current vehicle geographical location.

This master´s thesis deals with the proposal of the kindergarten in the cadastral territory Moravany u Brna, district Brno-venkov. This object is self-standing building in a newly-built area. The kindergarten is designed for two schoolrooms up to the total number of forty-eight pupils. The object is double-storeyed, the part of the object has the basement. The roof is flat with a coating insulation, loaded with a mix of gravel and rubble. The object is designed as a brick construction with a contact thermal insulation system. The object is situated in a slightly sloping terrain.

The subject of this diploma thesis is an architectonic study, which deals with the new usage of the premises of VUT at Kravi Hora. Big part of Kravi Hora forms a park, which from the west is close to Namesti Miru and from the east side there are buildings of Faculty of Civil Engineering. This territory along with Spilberk, Luzanky and Wilsonuv Les form the green, environmental friendly, part of Brno. The Main advantage of this territory is that it brings lot of green parking places to the city and there are many places for spending free time, such as; swimming pool, baseball court and an observatory. The big disadvantage of this area is the bad transmittance of this area. There are no quality roads connecting Kravi hora and there is a slanting ground through this area. There are lots of objects which do not fit with the usage and they only bring here the traffic. There is a designed plan consisting of rather limiting regulations for this territory when the whole area is used for parking lots and sport activities and holiday objects. And in addition to that, the area is closed to public transport. The purpose of this study is to respect the territorial plans and the interests of the city as much as possible and at the same time use the property of VUT for a representation of the University, getting new students in and creating a place where all the generations can spend their free time. Despite of this study still respects The Territory Plan and interests of the City of Brno. In my study I design there the museum of VUT, the students club, ateliers for new graduates, study room, workroom the public and objects for presentation of VUT faculties set into the area of Kravi hora park in a way that it would fit into the natural character of this place.

This diploma thesis solves the design of a new hotel with restaurant. The content is the project documentation for construction work. The building is located in the cadastral territory of Vyškov. The hotel is designed for eating and short-term accommodation 58 people. Is it a two-storey and partially basement building with flat roof. In the basement there are a technical rooms and warehouses. In the first floor there are restaurant, kitchen, warehouses and offices. In the second floor there are only hotel rooms. The hotel is a detached building, the shape of the building as the letter L.

The master´s thesis - City Library Ivančice - is drafted as a building documentation under relevant laws and standarts. The project processes documentation of a new house of publick building. It is designed as a reinforced concrete frame with, filled with brickwork and contact insulation. The building contains basement and three aerial floors. The roof is designed as single layer flat roof.