In this study the effects of blood sampling, transportation and slaughter on certain blood variables (sodium, potasium, chloride, glucose, lactates, lipids, proteins, colloidal osmotic pressure, cortisol, ACTH, T3, TSH, osmolality etc.) of cattle were investigated. The experimental animals, crossbreed (Brahman, Afrikander and Hereford) heifers and oxen obtained from Kanhym Estates, Middelburg, were unaccustomed to handling. One group of animals was subjected to the stress of sampling with restraint, a second group was sampled with restraint after transportation and a third group had blood taken after slaughter at the Kanhym abattoir at Balfour. Control blood samples were obtained from Friesland dairy cows accustomed to handling and blood sampling and from crossbreed oxen unaware of the sampling procedure. Both control and experiment groups were studied in the same season. (April and May, 1984). Results were analysed and compared statistically. The blood cortisol, ACTH, lactates and glucose were significantly higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. Cortisol and ACTH values were significantly higher, and the lactate and glucose values significantly lower in the group subjected to the stress of sampling with restraint than in the other two experimental groups. Therefore, if the variables measured are an assessment of stress and change because of stress, then the animals investigated experienced stress. In addition, cattle unaccustomed to handling perceive the slaughtering process as less stressful than blood sampling in a crush (based on cortisol and ACTH results).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. / Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-262).

Thesis (MSc (Paraclinical Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

Thesis (M.S. in food science)--Washington State University, May 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 27, 2009). "School of Food Science." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Munich, 1966. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 20 (1959) no. 3, p. 824. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-105).

The main objectives of this study can be divided into four categories: a) The determination of the presence of abscesses in carcasses. b) The determination whether the abscesses are area bound. c) The determination of the causative bacteria which is responsible for abscess formation. d) The determination of the economic impact due to carcass rejections and trimmings. The research area consists of the biggest part of the Northern Cape province, which can further be divided into three main production areas, namely Groblershoop, Gordonia and Hantam. The Groblershoop area includes Groblershoop and the surrounding districts. The Gordonia area includes Upington and the Kalahari. The Hantam area includes Calvinia, Springbok and the other districts bordering the areas. All the carcasses were slaughtered at an export abattoir, namely LAW, which is situated in Groblershoop. The Upington veterinary laboratory bacteriologically cultured the abscess material and the results were processed and noted. The following results were prominent: a) It was determined that abscesses did occur in carcasses. b) It was determined that in the Hantam main production area the prevalence of abscesses is the highest, although the slaughter numbers are the lowest. c) It was determined that the bacterium that was responsible for most of the abscesses was Escherichia coli. d) It was determined that the total occurrence of bacteria did not have a significant economic impact, because there were not many carcass rejections due to abscesses. The economic impact, however, of the value of the total rejections, might become a problem.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture