Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p.66-76).

Why do we need to sleep? Not only is getting enough sleep important for our overall health and well-being, it is perhaps of utmost importance for normal brain functioning. Scientific findings derived from studying sleep deprivation suggests that sleep also plays an important role in our emotional functioning, which has led researchers to propose a causal and intimate relationship between sleep and emotional brain functioning. Without sleep it seems as our emotional processing become impaired in various ways. Along with advances in cognitive neuroscience, it is now possible to characterize mechanisms underlying emotional brain processes. In pursuit of the possible functions of sleep, researchers have also proposed that rapid eye movement sleep, might support a process of affective brain homeostasis and recalibration that optimally prepares the organism for next-day social and emotional functioning. This thesis reviews current behavioral and neurophysiological evidence focused on the relationship between sleep and emotional brain functioning, and the role of rapid eye movement sleep in emotional processing.

Background: The aims of this qualitative research were to explore a range of challenges encountered by mothers coping with infant sleep difficulties, and subsequent impacts on the transition to becoming a parent. The intention was twofold – to raise awareness amongst practitioner psychologists that “many new mothers experience some level of emotional distress and all deserve systematic and compassionate support” (Boots Family Trust, p.1), with particular reference to early relationship formation, and to encourage opportunities for translation from multidisciplinary research into practice. Method: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted. Four with mothers who were either experiencing, or had in the past experienced sleep difficulties with their babies. The fifth was with a professional ante-natal educator, herself a mother. The interviews were transcribed and analysed according to a constructivist version of grounded theory methodology guided by Charmaz (2006). Analysis: A central narrative of ‘the wearing mask of transition’ was developed from four analytic categories: being me’, ‘being pushed to the limit’, ‘relationships’ and ‘coping, learning and trusting’. The interconnectedness of the categories was conveyed via the visual translation of the proposed pluralistic model – ‘the coping mask of transition’. Conclusion: After having been neglected within mainstream mental health services, perinatal mental wellbeing is currently being prioritised, representing a unique opportunity for multidisciplinary consultation and sharing of expertise and training. The ‘normal’ experiences of the women interviewed were revealed as emotionally complex. They worked through their sleep deprivation and distress feeling largely unsupported, and often unwilling to disclose even to partners the extent of their difficulties. It is hoped that this small-scale study, with its focus on a non-clinical population, and the significance of maternal mental and emotional wellbeing and outcomes for children, will encourage professionals to consider the distressing impacts of ‘normal’ sleep disturbance and deprivation within the broader context of this major life transition.

Sleep loss alters both the concentration and activity of various aspects of the immune system. These alterations lead to increased susceptibility to infection and the progression of pathologies such as insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Two proposed mechanisms of this alteration in immune function are the changes in both cortisol and sympathetic nervous system activity that accompany sleep deprivation. This work reviewed literature that measured the effects of periods of sleep restriction upon both cortisol and catecholamine concentrations within human subjects. Furthermore, studies which measured the effects of sleep loss upon these hormone levels and the associated changes in immune parameters were included. This thesis asserts that there is no defined pattern in reference to alterations of cortisol levels as a result of sleep deprivation. Furthermore, more evidence must be collected before implementing cortisol as a main effector of sleep loss upon immune system function. This dissertation, although repeatedly noting increased levels of norepinephrine following periods of sleep restriction, similarly argues that more research must be completed in order to declare that altered catecholamine concentrations as a result of sleep loss is a mechanism for altered immune function.

Orientador: Célio Percinoto / Banca: Juliano Pelim Pessan / Banca: Marcelle Danelon / Banca: Cleide Cristina Rodrigues Martinhon / Banca: Adelisa Rodolfo Ferreira Tiveron / Resumo: Investigar o impacto do bruxismo do sono com a qualidade de vida de crianças de 3 a 5 anos. Crianças (n = 75) foram divididas em grupos com bruxismo noturno (n = 33) e aqueles sem o distúrbio (n = 42). Os dados sociodemográficos e os hábitos parafuncionais foram coletados por um questionário estruturado, a qualidade de vida por uma Escala de Impacto sobre a Saúde bucal na Primeira Infância (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale - ECOHIS), aplicada a pais/cuidadores das crianças. Foram realizadas as análises de Regressão de Poisson univariadas com variância robusta, para entrada no modelo final com nível de significância de até 20%. Para variável no modelo final foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%, com intervalos de confiança 95%. Os valores de p foram calculados pelo teste de Wald. As variáveis "renda" e "chupar chupeta" revelaram associação com o bruxismo. Os escores totais do ECOHIS não foram variáveis significativas (p> 0,05). Concluiu-se que a renda familiar e o uso de chupetas foram significativamente associados com o bruxismo noturno em crianças. O bruxismo noturno não revelou impacto na saúde bucal relacionada com a qualidade de vida das crianças. / Abstract: Almeida DL. Ev a luation of oral health related quality of life with sleep bruxism in children from Porto Velho - RO [thesis]. Araçatuba: UNESP - Sao Paulo State University; 2016. ABSTRACT Proposition : To investigate the impact of sleep bruxism on the quality of life of children aged 3 to 5 years. Methods : Children (n = 75) were divided into groups with nocturnal bruxism (n = 33) and those without the disorder (n = 42). The sociodemographic data and the parafunctional habits were collected by a structured questionnaire, the quality of life by an Early Chil dhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), applied to parents / caregivers of the children. Univariate Poisson Regression analyzes were performed with robust variance, for input in the final model with a level of significance of up to 20%. For the variable i n the final model, a significance level of 5% was considered, with 95% confidence intervals. The p values were calculated by the Wald test. Results : The variables "income" and "pacifier sucking" revealed an association with bruxism. Total ECOHIS scores w ere not significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion : It was concluded that family income and pacifier use were significantly associated with nocturnal bruxism in children. The nocturnal bruxism revealed no impact on oral health related to children's quality of life. / Doutor

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:25:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Mestrado REVISÃO PÓSBANCA_FINA_BIBIOCENTRAL_FINAL_25032016_NOVA_FINALLL.pdf: 2238183 bytes, checksum: 8badaa7ab119eec4d05d114cc326bddb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Mestrado REVISÃO PÓSBANCA_FINA_BIBIOCENTRAL_FINAL_25032016_NOVA_FINALLL.pdf: 2238183 bytes, checksum: 8badaa7ab119eec4d05d114cc326bddb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / O regime de plantão noturno, afeta o ciclo circadiano acarretando consequências negativas, causando alterações na vida e saúde dos profissionais de Enfermagem.O sono é uma etapa da fisiologia humana complexa relacionada ao comportamento humano e um dos grandes enigmas da neurociência.Objetivo: Verificar as repercussões da alteração do sono em profissionais de enfermagem com atividade laboral noturna Método: Aplicação de formulário à 179 profissionais (técnicos e enfermeiros), tendo como critério de inclusão possuir 03 anos ou mais de tempo na profissão em plantões noturnos. Foram excluídos desta pesquisa, os trabalhadores de enfermagem que não quiseram participar do estudo ou não responderam ao questionário, e aqueles que possuem menos de 03 anos de tempo na profissão em plantões noturnos. O instrumento de avaliação utilizado foi um formulário com 23 questões de múltiplas escolhas objetivas, no qual abordava perguntas referentes a: dados sócio demográficos (sexo, idade, nível de escolaridade e estado civil), hábitos do cotidiano (rotinas, lazer, alimentação) e morbidades apresentadas (doenças e sintomas). Realizou-se um projeto piloto, com 30 profissionais, os quais foram excluídos da amostra de 179 participantes, para avaliar possíveis dificuldades na compreensão das questões do formulário pelos profissionais e para realizar a calibração do pesquisador responsável pelas entrevistas. Os dados foram digitados em planilha EXCEL 7.0 e posteriormente foram transferidos para tabela de entrada do SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 21. Os dados foram apresentados considerando o grupo total de profissionais, por categorias, tempo de trabalho em plantões noturnos, doenças adquiridas e sintomas associados. A verificação da hipótese de normalidade dos dados foi realizada através dos testes estatísticos de Shapiro-Wilk e da igualdade de variâncias através do teste F de Levene. Os resultados foram expressos através de frequências absoluta e relativa nas variáveis categóricas e das medidas estatísticas: média, desvio padrão e mediana para a variável idade. Para verificar associação entre as repercussões da privação de sono noturno e as categorias profissionais, foi utilizado o teste t –Student com variâncias iguais para a variável idade e nas variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou o teste Exato de Fisher quando a condição para utilização do teste Qui-quadrado não foi verificada para avaliar a força da diferença foi obtido o Odds Ratio (OR)Resultados:Observou-se que53,1% dos entrevistados observaram o aparecimento de doenças após plantões noturnos. Destes, as mais citadas foram: distúrbios do sono (26,8%), hipertensão (17,3%) coluna (16,2%), gastrite (11,7%) e vasculares (10,1%). O estudo em questão observou que as doenças com diferenças significativas entre as categorias profissionais foram: Problemas de coluna 6,5% vs 19,5%, Afecções vasculares 2,2% vs 12,8% e Hipertensão 6,5% vs 21,1%, para enfermeiros e técnicos em enfermagem, respectivamente, e a categoria de técnicos em enfermagem é a mais acometida, devido as suas atribuições exigirem mais tempo de vigília, pela sua assistência direta ao paciente, o profissional está sujeito a maior ocorrência de morbidades.Conclusão: entende-se que o plantão noturno tem impacto negativo na saúde desses trabalhadores. / Sleep is a stage of complex human physiology related to human behavior and one of the great puzzles of neuroscience. The night shifts, affects the circadian cycle leading to negative consequences, causing changes in the life and health of nursing professionals. Objective: To investigate the effects of sleep change in nurses with night work activity Method: Form Application to 179 professionals (technicians and nurses), with the inclusion criteria have 03 years or longer in the profession in night shifts. They were excluded from this research, nursing workers who refused to participate in the study or did not respond to the questionnaire, and those with less than 03 years of time in the profession in night shifts. The evaluation instrument used was a form with 23 questions of multiple choice objective, which addressed questions relating to: socio-demographic data (gender, age, education level and marital status), daily habits (routines, leisure, food) and presented morbidities (diseases and symptoms). We carried out a pilot project with 30 professionals, who were excluded from the sample of 179 participants to assess possible difficulties in understanding the professional form of questions and to calibrate the researcher responsible for the interviews. Data were entered into EXCEL 7.0 spreadsheet and were subsequently transferred to SPSS input table (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21. The data were presented considering the total group of professionals, by category, time working in night shifts, acquired diseases and associated symptoms. Verification of the data normality hypothesis by means of statistical tests of Shapiro-Wilk and equal variances by F Levene test. The results were expressed by absolute and relative frequencies for the categorical variables and statistical measurements: mean, standard deviation and median for age variable. To assess the association between the impact of deprivation of nighttime sleep and professional categories, we used the t-Student test with equal variances for the variable age and the categorical variables we used chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when the condition for using the chi-square test was not checked to assess the strength of the difference was obtained Odds Ratio (OR) results: it was observed that 53.1% of respondents noted the emergence of diseases after night shifts. Of these, the most mentioned are: sleep disorders (26.8%), hypertension (17.3%) column (16.2%), gastritis (11.7%) and vascular (10.1%). The study in question noted that diseases with significant differences between occupational categories were: column Problems 6.5% vs 19.5%, vascular disorders 2.2% vs 12.8% and hypertension 6.5% vs 21 1% for nurses and nursing technicians, respectively, and the category of nursing technicians is the most affected, because their duties require more waking time by its direct patient care, the professional is subject to higher occurrence of morbidities . Conclusion: it is understood that the night shift has negative impact on the health of these workers.

Orientador: Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_CynthiaValeriaSilvaGomes_D.pdf: 933466 bytes, checksum: 111c5a5651ea2f13249bda0bb110d815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A Síndrome da Apnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAOS) é uma doença crônica, de caráter progressivo, que afeta gravemente a saúde e a qualidade de vida. Entre as suas implicações estão os despertares e microdespertares freqüentes, a fragmentação, desestruturação e redução da eficiência do sono, que resultam em Sonolência Diurna Excessiva (SDE), reconhecida como fator causal do aumento dos riscos de acidentes de trânsito e de trabalho, comprometimento da segurança pessoal e coletiva, além de redução de funções cognitivas como memória, atenção, aprendizado e impacto neuropsíquico. Considerando a importância dessa enfermidade, diversos tratamentos têm sido propostos, dentre os quais se destaca o Aparelho Intraoral de Avanço Mandibular Progressivo (AIAMP). O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar o efeito do tratamento com o aparelho intraoral de avanço mandibular progressivo, na sonolência diurna excessiva de portadores da síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da FOP/UNICAMP e todos os pacientes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Dez voluntários adultos com idade média de 51 anos, sete do gênero masculino e três do gênero feminino com diagnóstico de SAOS pela polissonografia, foram avaliados quanto a SDE por meio do Teste da Manutenção da Vigília (TMV). Todas as avaliações foram realizadas antes e após o tratamento com o AIAMP- No Snore. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de Shapiro-Wilk para testar a homogeneidade e normalidade dos dados. O teste t de Student foi usado para comparar os dados dos testes da manutenção da vigília e índice de apnéia/hipopnéia, entre si; o teste de Wilcoxon das ordens assinaladas foi utilizado para comparar os despertares e microdespertares.O limite de significância foi de 5%. Na amostra, 30% dos pacientes apresentavam SAOS grave, 40% moderada e 30% SAOS leve e todos apresentavam SDE. Após o tratamento, 80% dos pacientes não apresentaram mais SDE; ocorreu redução significativa dos despertares e microdespertares, relacionados com a SAOS (P<0.0078) e do índice de apnéia/hipopnéia (P<0.0001). Os resultados do TMV indicaram diferença significativa antes e após o tratamento (P<0.0047), com um aumento na latência média para o início do sono. Assim, concluiu-se que o aparelho intraoral de avanço mandibular progressivo teve ação importante no controle da SAOS e conseqüente indicação para o tratamento da SDE / Abstract: The Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) it is a chronic disease, of progressive character, that it affects the health and quality of life of those suffering from it. Among their implications they are frequents arousals and micro-arousal, fragmentation, destructuring and reduction of the efficiency of sleep, that result in Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), recognized as causal factor of the increase of the risks of accidents of traffic and of work, compromising of the personal and collective safety, besides reduction of cognitive functions as memory, attention, learning and neuropsych impact. Considering the importance of that disease , several treatments have been proposed and among these stands out the intraoral progressive mandibular advancement appliance. Thus, the object of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with an intraoral progressive mandibular advancement appliance - No Snore (IPMAA - No Snore) in EDS in patients with OSAS. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and patients signed a written, informed consent. Ten adult patients with a mean age of 51 years, 7 men and 3 women with diagnosis of OSAS by polysonograph exam were evaluated with regard to EDS by means of the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT). The results were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify normality and homogeneity. Comparison of the MWT, apnea/hypopnea index data was performed by the t-paired test; Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare the arousals and micro-arousals. All the evaluations were made before and after the use of the IPMAA - No Snore and the significance limit was set at 5%. 30% of the patients presented OSAS severe, 40% OSAS moderate and 30% OSAS mild and all presented SDE. After treatment, 80% of the patients did not present EDS; there was a significant reduction in OSAS symptoms related to arousals and micro-arousals (P<0.0078), and in the apnea/hypopnea index (P<0.0001). The results of MWT indicated a significant difference before and after the treatment (P<0.0047) with an increase in mean latency for the onset of sleep. Thus, it was concluded that the progressive mandibular advancement appliance has an important action in the control of OSAS and consequent indication for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness / Doutorado / Protese Dental / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

The quantification of athlete pre-competitive sleep behaviour is of interest owing to the possibility that sleep loss may have a negative effect on health and performance. The purpose of this study was to monitor and quantify the sleep/wake patterns of South African cyclists prior to competitive races. A total of 336 cyclists, male and female and of differing competition levels, cycling in either the 2015 Tsogo Sun Amashova or the 2016 Telkom 94.7 Cycle Challenge completed an altered version of the Competitive Sports and Sleep Questionnaire. The questionnaire asked cyclists to report on precompetitive sleep over the past year. A subset of 92 cyclists also recorded a Core Consensus Sleep Diary for the three nights leading up to the races. The questionnaire showed that 67% of the cyclists reported worsened sleep at least once prior to competition within the past 12 months. The sleep diary found that the cyclists’ average sleep duration the night before the races was 6h19min (±1h38min), which was significantly less than two and three nights prior to the races. Sleep quality was also shown to deteriorate significantly the night before the races. The contributing factors leading to worsened pre-competitive sleep were the time the cyclists had to wake-up as well as perceived increases in sleep latency and awakenings after sleep onset. Anxiety was found to be the major cause of sleep disturbances. While females were found to be significantly more likely to report having experienced poorer sleep before competition in the past year, the sleep diary showed no difference in sleep the night before the races between the sexes. Females were significantly more likely to report instances of unpleasant dreams and waking up during the night. Again, the sleep diary data did not corroborate these findings. Females were also found to report significantly more accounts of nervousness or thoughts about competition as being the cause of sleep problems. There was no difference in sleep loss the night before competition when comparing competition-level groups. The only significant difference was that recreational cyclists were more likely to report sleeping in foreign environments as a cause of sleep disturbances. Despite a large percentage of cyclists experiencing pre-competitive sleep loss, over half (55%) perceived sleep loss to have no impact on their performance. Analysis of pre-sleep behaviour also revealed that the cyclists engaged in several practices that may have a negative effect on subsequent sleep. The vast majority of the cyclists (61%) indicated having no specific strategy to help them sleep the night before competition. Fifteen percent of cyclists reporting using media devices to help them fall asleep, a practice that has been shown to disrupt sleep. In conclusion, most cyclists, regardless of sex and level of competition experience precompetitive sleep loss attributed largely to anxiety but with the perception that this loss in sleep does not negatively impact their performance.

Staging Sleep: Labor, Care, and Rest in Contemporary Performance examines an archive of plays and performances from the past forty years—which I term sleep theatre—including dramatic literature that foregrounds sleep and sleeplessness and performance art in which the artist sleeps in front of an audience. Contemporary theatre about sleep exposes the roots of sleep loss in overwork, healthcare disparities, and housing insecurity and imagines alternative social possibilities for sustainable rest. I understand the concerns and possibilities raised by sleep theatre through the framework of social reproduction theory, a feminist analysis of the vital forms of labor antecedent to commodity production, including housework and dependent care, that keep us all alive. I reorient theatre scholarship on sleep away from psychoanalytic readings of staged dreams and toward an understanding of sleep as a political act shaped by social and material contexts. In Staging Sleep, I argue that studying sleep in theatre and performance art offers new insights into social relations of care and interdependence among performers and spectators, and that sleep onstage not only critiques inhumane economic arrangements but also imagines myriad new social configurations that value rest over work. Staging Sleep begins in 1980, in the immediate aftermath of two decades of international Marxist feminist organizing that saw politicized housewives agitating for recognition of the value of both their work and their leisure. I demonstrate how sleep theatre expands and complicates this political legacy, beginning with the continuing global assault on welfare and unions in the 1980s. In my first chapter, I track how pioneering socialist feminist playwright Caryl Churchill develops the sleepless housewife as a character type, bringing sleep to the stage in a new way as a linchpin of her critique of the family. I then track sleep in theatre as a site of experimentation informed by feminist, queer, and disability studies through the 2010s. Chapter 2 explores sleep in plays by Sarah Kane, Maria Irene Fornes, and Peggy Shaw at the nexus of illness, friendship, and a fraying welfare state. Chapter 3 examines how directors stage homeless sleep in four recent adaptations of Cymbeline from the UK and South Sudan. My final chapter asks how performance itself creates the care and attention necessary to sustain sleep in the globe-touring, iterative performance artworks Best Place to Sleep and Black Power Naps. Sleep performances imagine, enact, and test the limits of very different configurations of labor and rest: ways of life in which caretaking labor is redistributed, and resilience and health become collective concerns rather than individual responsibilities. I suggest that sleep performance is a nascent theatrical phenomenon that will continue to reappear as politically-minded artists work through the theatrical possibilities of spectatorship, site, and immersion in the context of deep questions of everyday justice and equity. Staging Sleep shows how theatre can exploit and transform the weirdness of watching someone sleep, or of falling asleep in the audience, into a restructuring of our practices of work and rest, space and shelter, toward ensuring safe and restorative sleep as a universal right.

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