No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-66).

Thesis (M.S. in Applied Science (Operations Research))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-107). Also available online.

No description available.

Recent evidence suggests a possible role for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in sleep/wake regulation and sleep-related electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. This study investigated the effects of cell-specific ibotenic acid lesions to the PFC on sleep-wake patterns and the EEG under baseline conditions and during recovery from a 6 h period of sleep deprivation (SD) using gentle handling in rats. Control rats were injected with saline. PFC lesions had no effects on overall amounts of wake, non rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep, or rapid-eye movement sleep. However, lesioned animals had fewer wake and NREM sleep episodes and longer mean durations of these episodes particularly during the dark phase. Following SD, no significant lesion effects were observed in sleep rebound or homeostatic increase in NREM EEG delta power (a measure of sleep intensity). These results suggest a role for the PFC in sleep-wake regulation, in particular behavioural state stability.

Bakgrund: Patienter på en intensivvårdsavdelning är ofta i behov av avancerad medicinsk behandling på grund av sitt livshotande sjukdomstillstånd. Återkommande störningar av sömnen är ett av de vanligaste återkommande klagomålen från patienter vilket bidrar till att perioden upplevs som särskilt svår. Syfte: Att belysa vad vuxna patienter upplever stör sömnen på en intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie där 12 vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. Resultat: I analysen av artiklarna framträdde fyra kategorier som alla tillsammans påverkade patientens sömn negativt. Kategorierna var rädsla/oro över att inte bli frisk, smärta från till exempel operationssår, inskränkning av integriteten samt störningar från vårdrelaterade interventioner såsom kontroll av vitalparametrar, munvård och förbandsbyte. Diskussion: Tidigare forskning har påvisat ljus och ljud från apparater som störande för patientens sömn, resultatet från denna studie visar dock att samtal mellan personalen är mer störande. Personalen kan behöva uppmärksamma detta och anpassa samtalsnivån därefter. Genom att informera patienten om vad som händer på intensivvårdsavdelningen kan man öka deras känsla av trygghet. Rutinmässiga vårdrelaterade interventioner skulle kunna samordnas nattetid för att ge patienterna sammanhängande sömn. Slutsats: Personal inom intensivvården skulle behöva uppmärksamma vad patienten upplever stör sömnen under vårdtiden. Ytterligare forskning med kvalitativ ansats behövs där patientens upplevelser sätts i fokus. / Background: Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) often require sophisticated treatment due to life-threatening conditions, but disturbed sleep has been found to be one of the most reoccurring complaints from patients in intensive care. Purpose: To highlight what adults perceive disturb their sleep in an intensive care unit. Method: General literature review where twelve scientific articles form the basis of the results. Result: When analysed, four categories emerged, which when combined adversely affected patients sleep. The categories were fear/worry about not recovering, pain from e.g. surgical wounds, limitations of integrity caused by being attached to wires and tubes, and disturbance from care related interventions by staff checking vital observations, oral hygiene, wound dressings. Discussion: Previous research has found light and machinery noise disruptive, however, our findings show staff communication levels to be more disturbing. Straff need to be aware of speech noise levels, reminding colleagues when required. Informing patients of ICU activity helps increase patients’ sense of security which when combined with coordinated, care related interventions at night helps with continous periods of sleep. Conclusion: ICU staff need to identify patients concerns regarding perceived sleep disruption. Further research is required where patients perception of sleepdisturbances is in focus.

Laboratory and field studies have consistantly shown that sleep loss negatively impacts on neurobehavioural performance and alertness. Moreover, recent research suggests that the detrimental effects of sleep loss are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to the effects of alcohol intoxication. Despite this, sleepiness-related performance impairment has not been subject to the strict levels of regulatory intervention that govern alcohol consumption when driving and/or at work. It has been proposed that this failure to address the occupational, health and safety impact of sleep loss, and the subsequent lack of legislation to manage and control sleepiness in a manner commensurate with the associated statistical risks, may in part, reflect a failure to provide policy makers with a readily understood index of the relative risk associated with sleep loss. Therefore the aim of the studies in this thesis was to assess and quantify the effects of sleep loss on a range of measures, including neurobehavioural performance, sleepiness, and daytime sleep quality and quantity.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 28, 2008). Directed by Kenneth Gruber; submitted to the School of Human Environmental Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70).

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes survey instruments. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 49-56)

Thesis (D. Psych.)--Victoria University (Melbourne, Vic.), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.