Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2010. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 17, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86).

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-200). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita L. Miller, Lyn R. Whitaker. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): Nita L. Miller, Samuel E. Buttrey, Susan M. Sanchez. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149). Also available online.

Thesis (PhD) - [Life & Social Sciences], Swinburne University of Technology, 2009. / Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, [Life & Social Sciences], Swinburne University of Technology - 2009. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-273)

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004. / Thesis Advisor(s): Nita Lewis Miller, J. Jeffrey Crowson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79). Also available online.

Both sleep deprivation and loss of situation awareness (SA) have been cited as primary causal factors contributing to the accident and injury rate in the military and civilian sector (e.g., transportation). Despite the numerous references to both factors as causal in nature, much of the literature on the effects of sleep deprivation on executive function is anecdotal. Research has produced mixed results regarding the nature and extent of performance degradation on a variety of lower-level and executive function tasks. Similarly, although SA has been cited as a significant contributor to operational performance, there is still considerable debate over the definition and construct validity of SA. Thus, a 29-hour hour sleep deprivation study was conducted to analyze the effects of sleep deprivation on both lower-order cognitive tasks (e.g., attention and working memory) and executive function tasks (e.g., reasoning, planning, decision making, and SA). In conjunction with the sleep deprivation analysis, the relationships among lower level cognition, executive function, and situation awareness were analyzed to form hypotheses about the SA construct and its relationship to complex task performance. Forty-eight participants were administered a series of cognitive tasks during baseline and sleep deprived testing sessions. Paired t-tests and additional post hoc analyses were conducted to determine the effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Regression and factor analysis were used analyze the relationship among lower-order cognition, executive function, situation awareness, and complex task performance. Paired t-test results showed degraded vigilance in response to sleep deprivation, but did not indicate degraded executive function. Results of additional post-hoc analyses on executive function data indicated a trend toward degraded decision making and a trend toward increased planning errors in response to sleep deprivation. The results of the regression and factor analyses provided initial support for a dynamic, process definition of SA and illustrated the importance of considering SA as part of information processing as a whole in order to improve performance prediction. Based on the results of this dissertation, engineering recommendations were made for developing an "ideal" SA measurement technique and improving existing SA measurement techniques. Additionally, future sleep deprivation and situation awareness research directions were suggested. / Ph. D.

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Sleep deprivation has been studied for over a century, providing knowledge about the benefits of sleep for many physiological, cognitive, and behavioural functions. However, there have only been anecdotal indications about what a tired or sleep-deprived person looks like, despite the fact that appearance influences not only how other people perceive a person but also how they evaluate them and behave towards them. How someone with sleep loss is perceived and evaluated by others is the focus of this thesis. Facial photographs of 48 participants were taken after normal sleep and after either one night of total sleep deprivation or two nights of partial sleep deprivation. The photographs were then evaluated in four different studies by a total of 288 raters recruited from universities and the general public in Stockholm, Sweden. The faces were rated on attractiveness, health, tiredness, sleepiness, sociability, trustworthiness, employability, and leadership ability. These factors were all adversely affected by sleep loss. Furthermore, looking tired was strongly related to being less attractive, looking less healthy and less trustworthy, and being perceived as a poorer employee and leader. One of the studies assessed facial features commonly associated with looking tired, showing that sleep deprivation results in eyes which appear more swollen and red, with dark circles and hanging eyelids, as well as paler skin with more fine lines and wrinkles. When sleep deprived, people were also perceived as more sad. In conclusion, the four studies show that sleep loss and a tired appearance affect how one is perceived by other people. These perceptions may lead to negative evaluations in interpersonal situations, both personal and professional. This thesis thus demonstrates social benefits of prioritizing sleep, adding to the physiological, cognitive, and behavioural research on sleep loss. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>